Minnesota Architecture - History Inventory Form
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United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ______No
In the United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 19-3129 WISCONSIN CENTRAL LTD., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOO LINE RAILROAD COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:16-cv-04271 — Andrea R. Wood, Judge. ____________________ ARGUED SEPTEMBER 25, 2020 — DECIDED MARCH 31, 2021 ____________________ Before RIPPLE, BRENNAN, and ST. EVE, Circuit Judges. BRENNAN, Circuit Judge. Decades ago, railroad company Wisconsin Central, Ltd. entered into an agreement that included the purchase of rail lines from Soo Line Railroad Company. Part of that agreement allocated responsibility for future environmental liabilities. Years later, contamination was discovered near one of those lines in Ashland, Wisconsin on the shore of Lake Superior. 2 No. 19-3129 The railroads jointly defended and settled responsibility for the investigation and remediation of that site. Then they each sought indemnification from the other. The district court awarded summary judgment to Soo Line for damages, attor- neys’ fees, and costs. On appeal, the railroads dispute when a claim was first asserted, and how much of the cost of defending and settling the matter was related to the rail lines and their operation. In- demnification under the agreement turns on both issues. I. In a 1987 Asset Purchase Agreement (“Agreement”) Wis- consin Central purchased various assets of Soo Line’s Lake States Transportation division, including physical rail lines in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan (“LST”).1 The Agree- ment provided for a detailed allocation of liability and indem- nification of each party by the other. -
A Steel-Hulled Bulk Freighter Measuring 610.9 in Length, with a Beam of 60.0 Feet, and a Depth of Hold of 32.6 Feet
NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL National Register of Historic Places REGISTER Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property_________________________________________________ historic name Freighter WILLIAM A. IRVIN other names/site number N/A 2. Location street & number Minnesota Slip. Duluth Harbor I_| not for publication N/A city, town Duluth I I vicinity N/A state Minnesota code MN county St . Louis code 137 zip code 55802 3. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property I I private I I building(s) Contributing Noncontributing I~x1 public-local I I district ____buildings I I public-State I I site ____ sites I I public-Federal Pn structure ____ structures I I object ____ objects ____Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _Q______ 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this S nomination EH request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. -
Strike on the Mesabi, 1907
STRIKE on the MESABI—1907 NEIL BETTEN WHEN NEWS CAME in July, 1907, that miners along the length of the Mesabi Range had walked off the job, the state of Minnesota braced itself for all-out labor war. It was the first widespread, organized strike to occur in the iron district, and it was en gineered by the Western Federation of Miners, an or ganization associated in the public mind with names like Coeur d'Alene, Leadville, and Cripple Creek — each the scene of fierce and bloody labor struggles. In the fifteen years since 1892 the Mesabi Range had been transformed from a wilderness of wooded hills into a mining complex that produced nearly half of the nation's iron ore. The soft red hematite lying in pockets near the surface could be scooped up from A typical iron range great open pits. Into these, and into underground mine worker of the mines as well, had poured whole armies of unskilled early twentieth century workers. Youth, health, and a strong back were all that was called for — not even the language was necessary — and before long the first wave of miners, made up of Mr. Betten wrote the present article while working for his doctorate in history at the University of Minnesota. He re cently joined the facidty of the University of Indiana at Gary. 340 MINNESOTA History Americans, Cornishmen, French Canadians, AFL. The preamble to the WFM constitu Irish, Scandinavians, and some Finns, was tion declared that "the class struggle will replaced by a throng of more recent immi continue until the producer is recognized as grants. -
Ashland, Wisconsin a Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission
Ashland, Wisconsin A Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission Ashland is a close. The busy small port and the community in shipping industry northeastern that served it went Wisconsin, from moving located on millions of tons of Chequamegon iron ore, Bay on the brownstone and southwest shore lumber to an of Lake occasional Superior. shipment of coal. Endowed with By 2009, the an abundance of Canadian National natural Railway which resources (timber, water, iron ore and acquired Wisconsin Central was the only railroad brownstone) and access to the Great Lakes, the service in Ashland. city of Ashland flourished as a port in the 1800s where raw and processed natural materials where As industries declined, so did the population. shipped to urban areas elsewhere in the Great Ashland lost population at a rate of about 5 Lakes region. At that time, Ashland’s waterfront percent every decade from the early 1900s until was developed to serve the industries that the 1990s. From 1990 to 2000, Ashland’s supported the processing and transport of natural population began to stabilize with only a 0.8 resources, such as sawmills, lumberyards and iron percent decline. According to the 2000 U.S. docks. Supporting commercial development grew Census, Ashland’s population is just over 8,600. up south of the waterfront, while residential development occurred still south of the Like many post-war cities and towns across the commercial area. Great Lakes region and elsewhere in the U.S, while the city itself contracted, the surrounding Railroads also played an important role in towns and rural areas of Ashland County, Ashland’s growth from the late 1800s into the experienced a 3.4 percent population increase early 1900s. -
Isotopic and Chemical Characterization of Water from Mine Pits and Wells on the Mesabi Iron Range, Northeastern Minnesota, As a Tool for Drinking Water Protection
Isotopic and Chemical Characterization of Water From Mine Pits and Wells on the Mesabi Iron Range, Northeastern Minnesota, as a Tool for Drinking Water Protection James F. Walsh, Minnesota Department of Health Abstract The Biwabik Iron Formation is both a world-class source of iron ore and an important aquifer for the residents of the Mesabi Iron Range in northeastern Minnesota. Numerous public water supply wells draw from this aquifer, and several communities pump directly from abandoned mine pits for their water supply. It is important that the groundwater flow characteristics of this aquifer be determined so that drinking water supplies can be protected in a technically defensible manner. The iron formation is early Proterozoic in age and consists primarily of fine-grained silica and iron minerals that were deposited as chemical sediments in a marine environment. The unit has little primary porosity. Groundwater flow through the aquifer is controlled predominantly by secondary features such as folds, high- angle faults, joints, and man-made mining structures. Efforts at delineating source water protection areas on the Mesabi Range have been complicated by the extremely heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of porosity in the Biwabik Iron Formation aquifer. In the absence of reliable groundwater flow models for this type of setting, isotopic and chemical studies have been emphasized, in addition to hydrogeologic mapping. Conservative environmental tracers such as chloride and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have proved useful for 1) identifying wells that are receiving recharge from mine pits, 2) characterizing the tracer signature of those mine pits that may represent recharge areas for nearby public supply wells, and 3) quantifying the significance of these recharge areas for the purpose of targeting source water protection efforts. -
Mining on the Mesabi Iron Range?
What’s Happening in Mining on the Mesabi Iron Range? Dan Jordan Mining & Minerals Program Supervisor Iron Range Resources Projects that must go through Environmental Review lvpmn.org 23 Project locations 13 Developers $6 billion dollars = Approximate total value of all projects Large Scale Developments 2005 - 2011 The Iron Range has a history of large scale projects that can transform the landscape. But, not since the 1960’s and early 1970’s has the region seen so many large scale projects under consideration all at the same time • Excelsior Energy Project $2,000,000,000 • Minnesota Steel Industries project in Nashwauk $1,650,000,000 • Machine #7 at the UPM paper mill in Grand Rapids $650,000,000 • Franconia Minerals – Birch Lake & Maturi Extension $616,000,000 • PolyMet’s NorthMet Project $380,000,000 • Keetac Plant Expansion $300,000,000 • Mesabi Nugget Production Scale Plant in Hoyt Lakes $235,000,000 • Taconite Plant Capacity Expansion $275,000,000 & Alternate Energy Improvements • MP Allete Clay Boswell Unit 3 Retrofit $200,000,000 • Laurentian Energy Project for Hibbing and Virginia $80,000,000 Total $6,386,000,000 Currently 6 Taconite Mines are in operation in Minnesota 2004 Foreign ownership: Stelco 14.7% of HibTac Today: Global ownership & competition United States Steel 2007 Name Production Employees Ownership Million Tons Minntac 12.751 1210 US Steel Corp. Keewatin Taconite 5.220 385 US Steel Corp. Managed by Cleveland Cliffs Mining Co. 2007 Name Production Emp. Ownership Million Tons ArcelorMittal 62.3% Hibbing 7.266 689 U S Steel Corp. 14.7% Taconite Cleveland-Cliffs 25% Northshore 4.975 511 Cleveland-Cliffs 100% Mining United Cleveland-Cliffs 70% 5.279 431 Taconite Laiwu Steel Group 30% 2007 Name Production Emp Ownership Million Tons ArcelorMittal 2.708 533 ArcelorMittal 100% Minorca Mine Inc. -
Minnesota Statewide Historic Railroads Study Final MPDF
St. Michael Big Marine ! ! Anoka Lake ! Berning Mill !Rogers Champlin ! Anoka HennepinMis siss Fletcher ip Maple Island ! pi ! R Lino Lakes ! i Centerville v ! er ! on Hanover ! Hugo ti Wright ! Coon Creek Maple Grove ! Hennepin arnelian Junc rcola Anoka Withrow C ! A Burschville ! ! ! !Osseo Ramsey te Bear Beach Whi ! Bald Eagle ! !Dupont !Corcoran !Brooklyn Park on ! ! Dellwood Rockford ! Fridley White di ! White me ! C Bear luth Juncti Lake Sarah ardigan Bear ahto ! Du ! Lake !M Lake !Leighton New Junction Vadnais Heights ! Stillwater ! Columbia Brighton ! ! Lor ! ! ood Heights etto rchw ! ! Bi Hamel ! ! ! Little Canada Medi Robbinsdale North c Bayport ine La ! ! Ditter ! St. Paul S Lon ! t Roseville . ! C gL r Maple Plain k Golden Gloster o e ! a i k ! Valley ! x e ! ! Lake Elmo R i Lyndale ! ! v ! Oakdale e ! r ! Midvale Ramsey ! Wayzata Washington Minneapolis Spring P Minnet ! onka Saint Paul St. D ! ! M . Oakbury Lakeland ! ark Lake ills ! Mound ! ! Louis D ! Minnetonka ! D . ! Park ! . ! . ! ! D . Deephaven ! ! ! West Highwood . ! Hopkins ! D St. Paul ! Glen Lake . ! ! ! Afton D ! St. Bonifacius M ! Excelsior . .! is Oak Terrace! South s ! i s s D ! St. Paul .! ! Fort . i ! Mendota . p Carver p Snelling . ! i D . ! Waconia R iver Newport ! D Chanhassen .! D ! ! Atwood D !Victoria Inver Grove ! ! D Eden Prairie .! St. Paul Cottage Grove ! !D Park .! Oxboro ! Bl oo D Hennep Bloomington .! mington Ferry ! ! Nicols Wescott ! D . ! in ! er . ! iv ! Augusta ta R ! Langdon ! so D nne . ! i ! ! M D Map adapted from the MN DNR divison of Fish and Wildlife 100k Lakes and Rivers and 100k Hydrography, Railroad Commissioners Map of Minnesota, 1930, and MN DOT Abandonded Railroads GIS data. -
The People of the Mesabi Range John Sirjamal{I
The People of the Mesabi Range John Sirjamal{i THE MESABI RANGE was a great expanse of forests and swamps in northeastern Minnesota when, in 1890, iron ore was discovered near what is now the thriving village of Mountain Iron. This first find of ore led, with later surveying, to the uncovering of vast ore beds along the southern slope of a range of low-lying hills which stretch in a flattened S-curve some eighty miles in length and two to ten miles in width in a general northeast-southwest direction. In 1890 the area of the Mesabi, some seventy miles northwest of Duluth, was enveloped in wilderness. The Duluth and Iron Range Railway, which ran between Two Harbors and the Vermilion Range, skirted the range at the village of Mesaba, far to the east of the newly dis covered deposits. At the west end of the range, lumbermen steadily pushed their operations up the Mississippi and Swan rivers after 1870, but by 1890 they had not yet reached the section in which the ores were first discovered. Unsettled and isolated until the discovery of ore, the Mesabi Range came to quick life after 1890. The digging of iron ore began in a high pitch of mining fever; companies were organized to mine the ore deposits, men moved into the area to seek new jobs and possibly acquire wealth, and mining camps and villages were laid out to care for the influx of population. In 1892 the first shipment of ore was made from the Mountain Iron mine; in the next year nine mines made shipments; and there were eleven in 1894, with a total tonnage of one and three-quarter millions.^ By 1895 the Mesabi had attained its present reputation as the most productive of all the Lake Superior ranges. -
933-2966 Hulett I Sheet 5/5/09 1:41 PM Page 1
933-2966 Hulett I sheet 5/5/09 1:41 PM Page 1 HO Scale Structure Kit 933-2966 HULETT UNLOADER Thanks for purchasing this Cornerstone Series® Missabe Range in the early 1890s. Vessels again Realizing that something had to be done the kit. All parts are styrene, so use compatible glue grew, reaching 475' (144.7m) by 1897. Once industry developed new methods to process and paint with your model. Please read these again, the stage was set for a new generation of taconite, introducing the first pellets in 1955. instructions and study the drawings before unloading machinery. starting. Huletts had no trouble handling the new marble- A radical new unloader appeared in 1899, the sized pellets — but neither did boats equipped While iron ore was discovered in Michigan’s brainchild of engineer George Hulett, on the with self-unloading machinery. First used on the upper peninsula in 1844, it took decades to docks of the Carnegie Steel Company in lakes in 1902, belt unloaders had proven well develop efficient ways to deliver it to eastern Conneaut, Ohio. Steam powered and rated at suited to coal and limestone, and allowed vessels furnaces by rail and water. In 1852, the first 275 tons per hour, the unit was constructed as an to unload quickly at virtually any desired large shipment, roughly 2 tons (1.8 MT), arrived experiment, but proved so successful that location. Natural ore had proved troublesome in Cleveland in barrels! But when the Sault St. additional examples were soon in use, and in with these units, and the general feeling was that Marie canal opened three years later, the stage 1904, the 540' (164.5m) long Augustus P. -
Michigan's Railroad History
Contributing Organizations The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) wishes to thank the many railroad historical organizations and individuals who contributed to the development of this document, which will update continually. Ann Arbor Railroad Technical and Historical Association Blue Water Michigan Chapter-National Railway Historical Society Detroit People Mover Detroit Public Library Grand Trunk Western Historical Society HistoricDetroit.org Huron Valley Railroad Historical Society Lansing Model Railroad Club Michigan Roundtable, The Lexington Group in Transportation History Michigan Association of Railroad Passengers Michigan Railroads Association Peaker Services, Inc. - Brighton, Michigan Michigan Railroad History Museum - Durand, Michigan The Michigan Railroad Club The Michigan State Trust for Railroad Preservation The Southern Michigan Railroad Society S O October 13, 2014 Dear Michigan Residents: For more than 180 years, Michigan’s railroads have played a major role in the economic development of the state. This document highlights many important events that have occurred in the evolution of railroad transportation in Michigan. This document was originally published to help celebrate Michigan’s 150th birthday in 1987. A number of organizations and individuals contributed to its development at that time. The document has continued to be used by many since that time, so a decision was made to bring it up to date and keep the information current. Consequently, some 28 years later, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) has updated the original document and is placing it on our website for all to access. As you journey through this history of railroading in Michigan, may you find the experience both entertaining and beneficial. MDOT is certainly proud of Michigan’s railroad heritage. -
Chocolay Township History Then And
n ... I ' J r ' l r ' r ) J l I : J J; J' ' J. On the cover: this photograph was taken on top of the "Rock Cut" on March 6, 2008 at 11 :00 a.m. by Tom Shaw. In response to why this place, Tom answered: "Exercise, fresh air, beauty, quiet time with Him, to step back and look at the big picture and because I can. The best short answer is that I love it. The view brings me back to simpler times." CHOCOLAY TOWNSHIP . .. Just the combination of those two words CHOCOLAY TOWNSHIP brings some vision to your mind. It may be the one on the cover of this booklet or any of the various scenes throughout the other pages. All of them are special to someone, but whatever picture comes to your mind and the fact that you are reading this booklet reinforces that this is a special place for you. As you read this historical writing, I just want to join you in thanking the dozens of people who made it possible. First the township board located a woman, Elizabeth Delene who had the gift for writing and arranging the many contributions that came her way. Elizabeth, thank you for making the time to put these facts in a very readable form! Next on the list of volunteers is Cathy Phelps from the township office. She went above and beyond the call of duty to solicit information and assist Elizabeth in putting together this manuscript. A local committee of Lula Sarka, Elry Reetz, Marilyn Heitman, and Ben Mukkala were ever ready to assist joined together to read the facts, and add comments and reach out for additional information to make this a factual, fascinating piece. -
2004 Lake Superior Term4.0.Qxd
2004 Minnesota's Lake Superior Terminals PORT AND WATERWAYS SECTION MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Foreward The Ports and Waterways Section of the Minnesota Department of Transportation has prepared this terminal directory to pro- vide information about Minnesota’s Lake Superior terminals. This directory includes information on the 33 terminals in Duluth–Superior, Two Harbors, Silver Bay, and Taconite Harbor. Information on Superior, Wisconsin terminals is included because Duluth and Superior share one Harbor. Terminals are arranged in the directory by location in each harbor, beginning with those in Duluth proceeding to Superior and then moving north along Minnesota’s North Shore to Two Harbors, Silver Bay, and Taconite Harbor. The index presents an geographical list- ing of the terminals. Information for each terminal includes cargo handled, pier length, depth along dock, storage, equipment, rail–truck access, and the name of a contact person. Information included in this directory was obtained from terminal operators and the Seaway Port Authority of Duluth. The pho- tographs of the terminals in Two Harbors, Silver Bay, and Taconite Harbor were obtained from the Canal Park Marine Museum in Duluth. The photograph of the Murphy Oil Main Terminal was obtained from Grandmaison Studios of Duluth. The cover picture of the M/V Roger Blough was courtesy of Kenneth R. Newhams, Duluth Shipping News. For other boat pic- tures, contact Mr Newhams at 218-722-3119 or E-mail: [email protected]. To Order Minnesota’s Lake Superoir Terminals booklet Dick Lambert Ports and Waterways Section Phone: 651–406-4805 Fax: 651–406-4811 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements Kim Lanahan–Lahti Layout Design Spring 2004 Duluth / Superior Harbor Lake Superior 1 31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 30 9 12 29 13 27 28 10 26 14 DULUTH TERMINALS 25 24 Lafarge North America Inc.