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Montrealers Exerted Pressure Believersbenefitsofthe in Firm As Pounds 42907022 PP 34 ° N Number 34 • May 2017 Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter Montreal – steeped in piety By Gilles Bureau and Martina de Vries As Montreal celebrates its 375th anniversary this year, we wanted to pay tribute, in our own way, to the contribution made by its founding figures. St François de Laval knew them well and visited them often. Let’s briefly step back in time, to the very early days of this great metropolis. A “mad venture” Ville-Marie was founded in 1642, by Maisonneuve and Mance, and Gabriel Souart, the first parish priest (1657 to 1666). who both hailed from the Champagne region of France. In 1660, Jeanne Mance and Marguerite Bourgeoys also Their goal was purely religious: to convert the Amerindians. brought in recruits for their respective institutions. They believed Montreal Island – the convergence point of A PAGE OF HISTORY A PAGE various fur trading routes – was the ideal site for this. In August 1660, François de Laval made his first pastoral Unfortunately, it was also a convergence point for the visit to Montreal, whose population of 375 included both Iroquois wars (which continued incessantly between 1643 settlers and Amerindians. From 1659 to 1683, the and 1665) and the site of multiple epidemics (Baboyart, Saint-Joseph chapel in the Hôtel-Dieu hospital served as p. 20). Governor de Montmagny would have preferred the parish church. The Sulpicians practiced their ministry they settle on Orleans Island. Christianizing the Amerindians and ran a seminary for educating boys. Jeanne Mance ran was already a daunting task; trying to get them to settle the Hôtel-Dieu and the children in one place and become French was a “mad venture,” were taught by Marguerite especially in such a dangerous place! Indeed, Marie de Bourgeoys and a few (Continued on page 2) l’Incarnation once said: “It is easier to make a Savage of young girls. a Frenchman than a Frenchman of a Savage!” Ville-Marie could have been abandoned very early on. The founders of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal [Society of Our Lady], Olier and de la Dauversière, died in 1657 and 1659 respectively, leaving a debt of 130,000 tournois pounds. As firm believers in the benefits of their enterprise, however, Montrealers exerted pressure to keep the mission going. The new Superior of the Sulpicians in France, de Bretonvilliers, bestowed the princely gift of the seigneurie [fiefdom] on the Sulpi- cians of Montreal, on behalf of the community (Litalien, p. 16). Four Sulpicians arrived on the island in 1657, including Gabriel de Queylus, who later founded the Montreal Seminary, Composite photo of the bas-relief statues of, in order, Marguerite Bourgeoys, François de Laval, and Jeanne Mance, on the Joan of Arc Monument by Jules Déchin, in Quebec City. (Photo : Daniel Abel) Montreal – steeped in piety (Continued from page 1) Two tenacious women held in his esteem François de Laval knew – and liked – the women involved in founding Montreal. Jeanne Mance arrived in 1642, to care for the sick and wounded. With funding supplied by Madame de Boulion, she opened the Hôtel-Dieu in 1648. Marguerite Bourgeoys joined her in 1653, and opened her school four years later, in a former stable belonging to the Compagnie de Montréal. In 1658, Jeanne Mance and Marguerite Bourgeoys returned to France to recruit companions. They returned on September 8, 1659, after a grueling voyage on Map of the beginnings of Ville-Marie according to A. Léo the Saint-André. Jeanne Mance was accompanied Leymarie, from the 1672 manuscript by François Dollier de Cason, by Marie Maillet, Judith Moreau de Brésoles and a Sulpician, in Histoire du Montréal de 1640 à 1672. Catherine Macé, while Marguerite Bourgeoys returned with Edmée Chastel, Catherine Crolo, Anne Hioux matter and see if they could establish a presence there.” and Marie Raisin. François de Laval, who had arrived (Gosselin, p. 123) However, there were three obstacles to to Quebec City on June 16, 1659, was there to greet his plan: the lack of available nuns in Quebec City, their them. The passengers remained there for a month, lack of funds to maintain two institutions, and the to care for the sick and decide what to do about the remarkable tenacity of Montreal’s female pioneers. Hospitallers of La Flèche. Their return to Montreal on the St. Lawrence took two weeks. The bishop of The original feature of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame Quebec visited them in Montreal a number of times [of Our Lady] was that the nuns were not cloistered. afterwards. Marguerite Bourgeoys had quickly realized the advantages of a new approach in a country like Canada. She believed it was preferable for her teachers to travel to their students, In the interests of creating a united diocese, Msgr François rather than force the students to come to the convent. de Laval would have preferred the Ursulines to educate She made another trip to France in 1670, to obtain letters girls in Montreal and the Augustinian nuns to take charge patent recognizing her community. of the hospital. In the Annales de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Sister Juchereau wrote: “He only wanted one Hospitaller As early as 1667, Msgr de Laval had assigned three institute in Canada, for the sake of peace; he even sent prominent people the task of attempting to settle the two members from Quebec to Montreal to look into the question of formalization of Marguerite Bourgeoys’s work. (Continued on page 3) CORRECTION From Gilles Bureau’s prodigious research to produce a list of 1999: Msgr Jean Gagnon attended the Major Seminary, and died bishops educated at the Quebec Seminary, which we published in December 2016. in our last issue, a few well-informed readers have provided us with the following details. We thank them for their input. 2008: Msgr Yvon-Joseph Moreau, S.E., was a student at the Major Seminary and is bishop of the Sainte-Anne-de-la- The following lines on page 6 should read as follows: Pocatière diocese. 1974: Msgr Noël Delaquis should not be followed by the (O.C.S.O.) designation. Saint François de Laval Phone: 418 692-0228 Reviser: Martina de Vries Issue 34 • May 2017 Courriel : [email protected] Graphic design : Lecourscommunication.com Visit our website: www.francoisdelaval.com Print run : 2,500 copies, available in French and English We care about the environment. This newsletter is published twice a year and sent By voluntarily signing on to our Email distribution list, for free by mail. It can also be found in PDF format you will help us minimize our use of paper. on our website. If you write us at [email protected], you will receive all forthcoming copies in PDF format. Executive Editor: Jean Duval Thank you. Contact us Contributors : Daniel Abel Legal deposit: Centre d’animation François-De Laval Gilles Bureau Library and Archives Canada ISSN 2290-3496 20, rue De Buade, Québec (Québec) G1R 4A1 Martina de Vries 2 Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter • May 2017 Montreal – steeped in piety (Continued from page 2) As written by Gosselin, “having Msgr de Laval’s permission His support of devoted missionaries undoubtedly carried much weight in making this business a success, since the prelate was highly reputed for his From the time of its foundation, the remoteness of wisdom and caution.” (Gosselin, p. 117-118) He officially Montreal made it a very independent community, often approved the Hospitallers of St. Joseph of the Hôtel-Dieu escaping the authority of the Governor of New France. of Montreal during his 1671 pastoral visit, and the Congré- Msgr de Laval’s authority was similarly challenged at gation de Notre-Dame in 1676. times.2 The jurisdiction of an apostolic vicar, a novelty at the time, was not immediately accepted by all, and a period of uncertainty marked the first years of François Msgr de Laval also knew Marie Morin (1649-1730), de Laval’s episcopacy. In Montreal, the “fiery” Abbé de the first Canadian woman (born in Quebec City) to Queylus, a Sulpician, at some times submitted to Msgr de join the Hospitallers of St. Joseph of Montreal. Laval, who allowed him to preach at a ceremony, and at Gabriel Souart, the second Superior of the Sulpicians, others he exercised the role of Vicar General assigned by received her vows in Montreal on March 20, 1665. the Archbishop of Rouen, who challenged François de She was the author of Une histoire simple [A simple Laval’s authority over the Church of Canada. Abbé de story]. Les Annales de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal de Queylus was recalled to France, but allowed to return to New 1659 à 1725, an interesting story of her community and, France in 1668. Msgr de Laval then designated him Vicar by the same token, of the early days of Montreal. General of Montreal, where he acted as Seigneur and first She speaks magnificently of the Bishop of Petraea: Superior of the Sulpicians. He returned to France for “a great servant of God and a highly apostolic man.” health reasons, and died there in 1677 (Bureau, p. 79). (Gosselin, p. 123) Her oldest brother, Abbé Germain Morin (1642-1702), was the first Canadian to be or- Msgr de Laval traveled to Montreal in the spring of 1676, dained as a priest, on September 19, 1665. He was as soon as the waterway was reopened. His visit spanned Msgr de Laval’s secretary from 1659 to 1665, and then several days, and he performed the first ordination of a went on to become a missionary priest, serving as Sulpician priest in the Hôtel-Dieu church on May 31.
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