Photograph: Helen Owens © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia Department of All rights reserved Environment, Copyright of illustrations might reside with other institutions or Water and individuals. Please enquire for details. Natural Resources Contact: Dr Jürgen Kellermann Editor, Flora of South Australia (ed. 5) State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia email:
[email protected] Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann GUNNERACEAE1 J. Kellermann2 Perennial stoloniferous herbs with ascending or creeping stems, monoecious, gynomonoecious (in S.A.) or dioecious; leaves arranged in a basal rosette, orbicular to ovate to palmately lobed, petiole with basal ligulate scales, margin serrate. Inflorescence a simple or compound raceme or spike or panicle with numerous minute flowers; male and female flowers in separate inflorescences, or when in the same inflorescence, male flowers towards apex and female flowers below, sometimes bisexual flowers in between; sepals 0, 1 or 2; petals 0, 1 or 2, slightly hooded; stamens 1 or 2; ovary inferior, carpels 2 with 1 ovule per locule, styles 2, entirely stigmatic, fimbriate. Fruit a drupe or nut with 1 seed. The family is monogeneric with 34–50 species. It is distributed in temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, extending to Madagascar, Malesia, Hawaii and S America, N of the equator. In Australia 1 species, G. cordifolia (Hook.f.) Hook.f., is endemic to Tas., 2 other introduced species have escaped from cultivation. It is found mostly along watercourses, in boggy or marshy places. Species of Gunnera have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which are attracted by a mucilaginous substance at the base of the leaves.