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The Russians Are the Fastest in Marathon Cross-Country Skiing: the (Engadin Ski Marathon)
Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 9821757, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9821757 Research Article The Russians Are the Fastest in Marathon Cross-Country Skiing: The (Engadin Ski Marathon) Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis,1,2 Jan Heller,3 and Beat Knechtle4,5 1 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan College, Athens, Greece 3Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 4Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland 5Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Correspondence should be addressed to Beat Knechtle; [email protected] Received 20 April 2017; Accepted 17 July 2017; Published 21 August 2017 Academic Editor: Laura Guidetti Copyright © 2017 Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. It is well known that athletes from a specific region or country are dominating certain sports disciplines such as marathon running or Ironman triathlon; however, little relevant information exists on cross-country skiing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the aspect of region and nationality in one of the largest cross-country skiing marathons in Europe, the “Engadin Ski Marathon.” All athletes ( = 197,125) who finished the “Engadin Ski Marathon” between 1998 and 2016 were considered. More than two-thirds of the finishers (72.5% in women and 69.6% in men) were Swiss skiers, followed by German, Italian, and French athletes in both sexes. Most of the Swiss finishers were from Canton of Zurich (20.5%), Grisons (19.2%), and Berne (10.3%). -
Performance Parameters in Competitive Alpine Skiing Disciplines of Slalom, Giant Slalom and Super-Giant Slalom
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Performance Parameters in Competitive Alpine Skiing Disciplines of Slalom, Giant Slalom and Super-Giant Slalom Lidia B. Alejo 1,2 , Jaime Gil-Cabrera 1,3, Almudena Montalvo-Pérez 1 , David Barranco-Gil 1 , Jaime Hortal-Fondón 1 and Archit Navandar 1,* 1 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.B.A.); [email protected] (J.G.-C.); [email protected] (A.M.-P.); [email protected] (D.B.-G.); [email protected] (J.H.-F.) 2 Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain 3 Royal Spanish Winter Sports Federation, 28703 San Sebastian de los Reyes, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the kinematic patterns and impacts in male and female skiers in the super-giant slalom, giant slalom and slalom disciplines of an international alpine skiing competition using a portable Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology device. Fifteen skiers (males, n = 9, females, n = 6) volunteered to participate in this study. Data acquisition was carried out using a wireless inertial measurement device (WIMUTM PRO: hybrid location system GNSS at 18 Hz with a precision locator UltraWideband UWD (<10 cm) and 3D accelerometers 1000 Hz) where distances covered in different speed and acceleration thresholds and Citation: B. Alejo, L.; Gil-Cabrera, J.; impacts above 5g were recorded in each of the disciplines. Male and female alpine skiers showed Montalvo-Pérez, A.; Barranco-Gil, D.; different physical parameters and impacts even though they competed in the same courses in the Hortal-Fondón, J.; Navandar, A. -
Andreas Goldberger, Austria
ANDREAS GOLDBERGER, AUSTRIA PRESENTED THROUGH THE CHRONOLOGICAL OVERVIEW AND STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ALL MAJOR TOP ACHIEVEMENTS IN HIS SKI JUMPING CAREER TYPES OF COMPETITIONS: World Cup (WCup) Olympic Winter Games (OWG) Nordic World Ski Championships (NWSC) Ski Flying World Championships (SFWC) ====================================================================================================================================================================================== Innsbruck, Austria Oberstdorf, Germany Harrachov, Czechoslov. Harrachov, Czechoslov. * SKI FLYING STANDING Falun, Sweden Oberstdorf, Germany 4. January 1992 (L): 26. January 1992 (F): 22. March 1992 (F): 22. March 1992 (F): Season 1991/1992: 6. December 1992 (L): 30. December 1992 (L): 1. Toni Nieminen, Fin 1. Werner Rathmayr, Aut 1. Noriaki Kasai, Jpn 1. Noriaki Kasai, Jpn 1. Werner Rathmayr, Aut 1. Werner Rathmayr, Aut 1. Christof Duffner, Ger 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 2. Andreas Felder, Aut 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 2. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 3. Andreas Felder, Aut 3. Andr. Goldberger, Aut 3. Roberto Cecon, Ita 3. Roberto Cecon, Ita 3. Andreas Felder, Aut Lasse Ottesen, Nor 3. Noriaki Kasai, Jpn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Eine Ära Mit Rasanten Entwicklungen 25 Jahre Weltcup an Der Willinger Mühlenkopfschanze
Eine Ära mit rasanten Entwicklungen 25 Jahre Weltcup an der Willinger Mühlenkopfschanze Willingen. Seit 25 Jahren wird auf der Mühlenkopfschanze im Strycktal um Weltcuppunkte gerungen. Ein Vierteljahrhundert, in dem sich beim Skispringen und im Umfeld der Sportart viel verändert hat. Als der Österreicher Andreas Goldberger am 8. Januar 1995 als erster Willinger Weltcup-Gewinner bejubelt wurde, konnte auch er nicht ahnen, welche rasante Entwicklung folgen würde. Der „Goldi“, wie die Frohnatur von seinen Fans liebevoll genannt wurde, siegte mit Sprüngen von 125 und 126,5 Metern. Es waren Weiten, für die sich der damals 22- Jährige auf der „großen Mühlenkopfschanze“ mächtig ins Zeug legen musste. Wer heute nach dem Umbau zur modernen Großschanze im Jahr 2000 bei diesen Weiten landet, wird es kaum in den zweiten Durchgang schaffen. Der Rekord liegt bei 152 Metern (Janne Ahonen 2005 und Jurij Tepes 2014). Zu Zeiten der Weltcup-Premiere im Upland war das Skispringen generell noch eine echte Lotterie. Wer bei den Sprüngen den richtigen Aufwind erwischte, war seinen Konkurrenten schnell mal enteilt. Denn Bonuspunkte gab es damals noch nicht: Allein die Weite und die Wertung der Punktrichter bestimmten das Endergebnis. Seit 2010 ermöglicht die Technik, den Wind am Hang während des Fluges verlässlich zu messen, die Daten in Sekundenschnelle auszuwerten und so zum festgelegten Richtwert Plus- oder Minuspunkte zu verteilen. Apropos Technik: Die Sprünge der Athleten wurden 1995 schon elektronisch überwacht. In einem ausgewählten Bereich des Hangs wurden mit einer Kamera Bilder gemacht und auf der Festplatte eines Computers sichert – zwölf an der Zahl für jeden Sprung. Die Weite ließ sich so haargenau bestimmen – vorbei die Zeiten, als die Weitenmesser mit ihren Stangen auf den Punkt zeigten, wo sie die Landung gesehen hatten. -
Introduction to Ski Cross
INTRODUCTION TO SKI CROSS INTRODUCTION 3 SPORT ORGANIZATIONS 4 COMPETITOR LICENSING, REGISTRATION, AND INSCRIPTION 5 COACH AND OFFICIALS EDUCATION AND REQUIREMENTS 6 RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RACE FORMAT 6 SKI CROSS TRAINING ELEMENTS 6 EQUIPMENT 10 SAFETY GUIDELINES 11 CONTACTS 11 CLUBS AND PROGRAMS WITH KNOWN SKI CROSS PROGRAMS 12 BACKGROUND & EXPLANATION OF SKI CROSS 12 2 Introduction Are you looking for new training and competition avenues for alpine ski athletes, or to develop new movement patterns with any ski athlete? Ski Cross is an excellent event option to explore. Ski Cross is quickly gaining popularity and has been approved to move from Freestyle and Freeski to a discipline under Alpine at the FIS level. Ski Cross is an exciting discipline that involves all aspects of ski racing and freeskiing, combined with the added element of racing side by side. Competitors inspect and train the course prior to the event day and oftentimes will have advanced training sessions similar to speed events for FIS events. Competition day training is common at the grassroots (entry) level. In the United States, entry level Ski Cross racing is delivered through the United States of America Snowboard and Freeski Association (USASA). FIS level racing and above is delivered through U.S. Ski & Snowboard. Ski Cross presents a simple programming opportunity for any club with athletes who like to go fast, rip varied terrain, and will enable them to develop a diverse skill set. Ski Cross can serve as an excellent growth opportunity for any skier and is especially well suited to athletes with an Alpine ski racing foundation. -
Kaupunkien Tila
Increasing the attractiveness of ski jumping in Finland Salzano, Sabrina 2013 Leppävaara Laurea University of Applied Sciences Leppävaara Increasing the attractiveness of ski jumping in Finland Sabrina Salzano Degree Programme in BM Bachelor’s Thesis May, 2013 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Abstract Leppävaara Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business Management Salzano, Sabrina Improving the attractiveness of ski jumping in Finland Year 2013 Pages 138 Finland has a long tradition of ski jumping, including memorable successes such as the 3 gold medals of Matti Nykänen at the Olympic Games. However, in recent years, Finland’s ski jumpers have achieved disappointing results in the World Cup, and suffered from injuries and retirements. Many young and talented jumpers prematurely ended their careers 5 to 10 years ago, as they did not have the opportunity to reach the national team which was very competi- tive. Now Finland is lacking talent at the top level, and not enough young jumpers are trained. This thesis examines the current situation with regard to ski jumping in Finland in order to provide solutions for preventing the decline in the number of jumpers and attracting more children to try the sport. The purpose of this thesis is to identify realistic solutions to imple- ment rapidly and at the lowest possible cost. Raising the interest of young children is a priori- ty but it is also important to keep the motivation high for jumpers between 14 and 20 years old. The other objective of this paper is to provide solutions for increasing the number of spectators during national and regional competitions. -
1 225.0 Andreas Golberger AUT Planica 2000.3.18 WR, Aktueller
WR, aktueller Schanzenrekord, 1 225.0 Andreas Golberger AUT Planica 2000.3.18 österreichischer Rekord, PB austrian record WR, hillrecord, 2 224.5 Thomas Hörl AUT Planica 2000.3.16 österreichischer Rekord, PB finnischer Rekord, PB 3 223.5 Ville Kantee FIN Planica 2000.3.18 finnish record 4 221.0 Andreas Widhölzl AUT Planica 2000.3.18 PB WR, hillrecord, norwegischer Rekord, 5 219.5 Tommy Ingebrigtsen NOR Planica 1999.3.20 PB norwegian record /WR, /HR, /PB 6 219.0 Martin Schmitt GER Planica 1999.3.19 gestürzt fall 7 216.5 Ville Kantee FIN Planica 2000.3.18 WR, hillrecord, 8 214.5 Martin Schmitt GER Planica 1999.3.19 deutscher Rekord, PB german record /HR 8 214.5 Sven Hannawald GER Vikersund 2000.2.13 gerodelt fall japanischer Rekord, 10 214.0 Noriaki Kasai JPN Planica 1999.3.21 PB japanese record 10 214.0 Andreas Widhölzl AUT Planica 2000.3.17 /WR, /HR 12 213.0 Dieter Thoma GER Planica 1997.3.22 gestürzt fall 13 212.5 Sven Hannawald GER Planica 2000.3.19 PB WR, hillrecord, , norwegischer Rekord, 14 212.0 Lasse Ottesen NOR Planica 1997.3.22 PB, norwegian record japanischer Rekord, 14 212.0 Hideharu Miyahira JPN Planica 1999.3.21 PB japanese record österreichischer 14 212.0 Martin Höllwarth AUT Planica 2000.3.16 Rekord, PB austrian record Slowenischer Rekord, 14 212.0 Primoz Peterka SLO Planica 2000.3.17 PB slowenian record 18 211.0 Dieter Thoma GER Planica 1997.3.23 PB hillrecord, PB, als 18 211.0 Terje Nihus NOR Vikersund 2000.2. -
The Heart of Norwegian Consciousness Scandinavian
(Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY Barneblad Heritage Help Nils Anders A fishy explore the world « Enig og tro til Dovre faller. » lunch club? Read more on page 10 – Eidsvolleden Read more on page 14 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 126 No. 8 February 27, 2015 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $2.00 per copy The heart of Norwegian consciousness Photos: (left) Carl S Bjurstedt / Dovrefjellrådet / Wikimedia Commons, (background) Bjoertvedt / Wikimedia Commons Left: The national park monument at Hjerkinn, near National Route E6, with the mountain Snøhetta in Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park in the background. Background: The view from atop Snøhetta. FINN ROED palities, with a population of about 70,000 in Dovre, in the Gudbrandsdalen valley from to a king or to God. If you belong West Bloomfield, Mich. people. Lillehammer is probably the most which many fjords have their beginnings, to Sons of Norway, you too uttered famous city within it. Dovre Mountain was that the Norwegian consciousness is rooted. the phrase, “Enig og tro til Dovre Dovre is a huge area in the cen- earlier thought to be the highest mountain “Enig og tro til Dovre faller” (United faller.” tral part of Norway. Dovre in Gud- in the area, but it is the second highest after and loyal until Dovre falls) is how the Con- According to NRK and Arne brandsdalen is an area in Oppland, Jotunheimen. Snøhetta is the highest moun- stitutional fathers of 1814 ended their work. Norway, consisting of 12 munici- tain in the Dovrefjell range. -
Povezanost Med Hitrostjo Vetra in Dolžino Poleta Smučarja Skakalca Na Poletih V Planici Marca 2013
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA ŠPORT Športno treniranje Nordijsko smučanje POVEZANOST MED HITROSTJO VETRA IN DOLŽINO POLETA SMUČARJA SKAKALCA NA POLETIH V PLANICI MARCA 2013 DIPLOMSKO DELO MENTOR Prof. dr. Bojan Jošt RECENZENT AVTOR Prof. dr. Janez Pustovrh Rok Mandl KONZULTANT Doc. dr. Janez Vodičar Ljubljana, 2014 Zahvala Rad bi se zahvalil vsem, ki so kakorkoli pomagali pri nastajanju tega diplomskega dela. Zahvala gre profesorju dr. Bojanu Joštu, ki me je pri nastajanju dela usmerjal in mi nudil strokovno pomoč. Posebej bi se rad zahvalil svoji družini in vsem prijateljem, ki so mi v času študija stali ob strani in me podpirali. POVEZANOST MED HITROSTJO VETRA IN DOLŽINO POLETA SMUČARJA SKAKALCA NA POLETIH V PLANICI MARCA 2013 IZVLEČEK 61 strani, 20 preglednic, 13 slik, 8 virov Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti povezanost med hitrostjo vetra in dolžino poleta smučarja skakalca na poletih v Planici marca 2013, ki so potekali med četrtkom 21. 3. 2013 in nedeljo 24. 3. 2013. Smučarski skoki so z razvojem tehnike skoka, na račun boljše aerodinamične drže sistema skakalec – smuči, postali vse bolj odvisni od hitrosti vetra. Mednarodna smučarska zveza FIS poskuša hitrost vetra nadzirati z uporabo vetrovne izravnave na tekmah najvišjega ranga. Podatki za raziskavo so bili pridobljeni iz uradnih rezultatov četrtkove kvalifikacijske serije, petkove druge tekmovalne serije ter obeh nedeljskih tekmovalnih serij. Vzorec merjencev je zajemal 46 kvalifikantov v četrtkovih kvalifikacijah, ki so nastopili iz istega zaletnega mesta ter trideset skakalcev v petkovi drugi tekmovalni seriji. V obeh tekmovalnih serijah nedeljske tekme je že po tradiciji nastopilo trideset najboljših smučarjev skakalcev aktualne sezone. -
International Specification for Ski Orienteering Maps Isskiom
International Specification for Ski Orienteering Maps ISSkiOM 2009 Approved by IOF Ski Orienteering Commission in August, 2009 Approved by IOF Map Commission in September, 2009 Approved by IOF Council in November, 2009 Valid from November 15, 2009 International Specification for Ski Orienteering Maps 1 General Maps for ski orienteering are based on the specifications for foot orienteering maps. However, in order to meet the specific requirements for the map because of the nature of the discipline, certain deviations and additions to the foot orienteering map specifications are needed. These special rules and symbols are described in this booklet. Deviations from the specifications are onyl allowed with permission from the national Ski Orienteering Commission. For international events, permission must be given by the IOF Ski Orienteering Commission. Complete foot orienteering maps may be used in ski orienteering competitions at all levels, if the dark green (symbol 410) is replaced by light green (symbol 406). For international events, permission from the IOF Ski Orienteering Commission is required. 2 Content Ski orienteering is a sport in which the ski orienteer uses the map to navigate a track and route network in order to visit a number of control points. In ski orienteering, the competitor's skiing and navigation skills shall be tested in such way that the navigation skill becomes the decisive element. Ski orienteering takes place on a track network, and involves as a basic element complex route choice problems, including estimating height differences. It is obvious that the map must concentrate on clearly depicting these features. The map must also be legible when skiing at high speed and in adverse weather conditions (snowfall, fog, rain, frost). -
Ipc Alpine Skiing/Snowboard Equipment Rule Book
IPC ALPINE SKIING/SNOWBOARD EQUIPMENT RULE BOOK 2013/2014 Season valid until 1 October 2014 IPC Alpine Skiing reserves the right to further interpret and/or supplement these Rules in order to help ensure that their spirit and purposes are respected. Competition equipment used for IPC Alpine Skiing is regulated according to the FIS Competition Equipment Specifications. Competition equipment The term „competition equipment“ implies all items of equipment used by athletes in competitive skiing, including clothing and implements that serve a technical function. The entire competition equipment forms a functional unit. In this connection the following points must be observed: . the principle of safety . the principle of fairness Competition implements Competition implements refer to equipment which fulfil essential functions during the competition but which can be separated from the actual competition. Examples: skis, bindings, boots, poles, clothing, helmets, ski goggles. Additional equipment (accessories) Additional competition equipment (accessories) are those components or implements which exert an influence on the technical function of the competition equipment and which are attached directly to the equipment by means of recognised fastenings. Such accessories do not perform essential functions during the competition. Example: para-blocks, plastic tip covers, additional weights, back protectors. Protected equipment not defined in the above rules are obliged to sign the IPCAS Waiver ACCEPTANCE OF RISK AND RELEASE OF CLAIMS, to participate in IPCAS competitions. Athletes/Guides must use equipment appropriate for their gender. IPC Alpine Skiing/Snowboard Equipment Rule Book 2 Alpine Racing Skis Definition Skis, predominantly for use in Downhill, Slalom, Giant Slalom and Super- G, racing on suitable terrain and utilising the force of gravity. -
Muscles Involved in Alpine Skiing
Muscles Involved in Alpine Skiing By Troy Flanagan, Director of Sport Science, USSA Types of Contractions: Types of muscles involved: The majority of the prime mover muscles used in skiing actions contract eccentrically. This means that the muscle The major muscles involved in a lengthens as it contracts. For example, the thigh muscles movement are called the ‘prime work in the same way or lengthen as you walk down stairs movers’. The ‘prime movers’ for in an eccentric fashion. The same happens during the alpine skiing are primarily those of squatting nature of skiing. the hips, thighs, legs and feet. Programs to train elite skiers are The rate or speed of contraction during skiing is relatively no longer generalized. The latest slow compared to running and other activities. This is training programs designed by because the hip angle, for example, does not change sport scientists now target key significantly during a turn in skiing, so the speed of muscles involved in the action of contraction is relatively slow. skiing. Based on the above information, the type of training that While skiing generally involves you should do to get ready for skiing should involve the whole body, the lower body predominately lower body exercises with a large eccentric muscles are targeted as the bias and a relatively slow rate of contraction. This means primary muscles involved in the that you should do the exercises slowly in a controlled action of skiing. These are the fashion concentrating on technique to maximize the hip muscles, hamstrings, benefits of the exercise and transfer to skiing quadriceps, calves and muscles performance.