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Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History
Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts David P. Bresnahan June 2010 © 2010 David P. Bresnahan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History by DAVID P. BRESNAHAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nicholas M. Creary Assistant Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BRESNAHAN, DAVID P., M.A., June 2010, History Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History (156 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicholas M. Creary This thesis explores the social, political, and symbolic roles of the Mijikenda kayas in the Coast Province of Kenya. The kayas, which exist today as sacred grove forests, are the original homesteads of the Mijikenda and the organizational units from which the symbolic authority and esoteric knowledge of the Mijikenda elders are derived. As a result, I conceptualize kayas as the physical space of the forests, but also complex networks of political, metaphysical, and symbolic power. While the kaya forests and their associated institutions have often been framed as cultural relics, I use this lens to illustrate how the position of the kayas in Mijikenda life has influenced broader social and political developments. Three main themes are developed: the first theme addresses how the kayas were used in different capacities to create space from the encroachment of colonial rule. -
Kenya – National Report 2019
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING CMS/IOSEA/MOS8/Inf.7.1.e ON THE CONSERVATION AND 28 August 2019 MANAGEMENT OF MARINE TURTLES AND THEIR HABITATS OF THE INDIAN Original: English OCEAN AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA 8TH MEETING OF THE SIGNATORY STATES Da Nang, Viet Nam, 21-25 October 2019 Agenda Item 9.1 KENYA – NATIONAL REPORT 2019 (Prepared by Kenya) IOSEA MARINE TURTLES MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING - NATIONAL REPORTING 2019 IOSEA Marine Turtles MoU - National Reports The purpose of completing the national report is to provide information on your country’s implementation of the IOSEA Marine Turtle MoU including, as far as possible, contributions of cooperating non-governmental partners. Implementation will be assessed in terms of the six objectives of the Conservation and Management Plan (CMP). The online questionnaire is divided into these six main objectives, and asks specific questions in relation to the activities that need to be carried out to fulfil those objectives. Please answer all questions as fully and as accurately as possible. It may seem time-consuming, but once you have completed the first report, the next time will be much easier because you can simply revise your existing report online. Comprehensive responses to the questions posed in Section 1.4 should satisfy many of the reporting requirements of the 2004 FAO Guidelines to Reduce Sea Turtle Mortality in Fishing Operations, thereby avoiding duplication of effort. Description text is provided below some of the questions to explain what information needs to be provided. Text boxes can be expanded to accommodate longer answers or to explain and provide additional information, beyond what is requested. -
The Geomorphology of Southeast Kenya
THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SOUTHEAST KENYA A. P. Oosterom STELLINGEN 1. Bij de vorming van de uitgestrekte planatievlakken in Oost-Kenia heeft marine en lacustrine abrasie een belangrijke rol gespeeld. Dit proefschrift. 2. De schaarste aan fossielen van hominiden in Oost-Afrika over de periode van ongeveer 500 000 tot 50 000 jaar BP is schijnbaar. 3. Voor de toepassing van geografische informatiesystemen op bedrijfsniveau in reliefrijke gebieden is het essentieel om programmatuur te ontwikkelen die identificatie van de geologische en geomorfologische positie van een gekozen punt mogelijk maakt. 4. De klink van het Basis- en het Hollandveen is er medeverantwoordelijk voor dat er in Nederland geen aanwijzingen worden gevonden voor hoge holocene zeestanden. 5. De geringschatting van het belang van onderwijs en onderzoek in de geologie en geomorfologie aan de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen is een uiting van onwetenschappelijk doe-het-zelf-denken. 6. Zolang de programmatuur voor het opnemen, opslaan en opvragen van kaarteringsgegevens minder flexibel is dan een veldboekje staat het gebruik van handterminals en veldcomputers vernieuwing in de weg. 7. De betrouwbaarheidsgrens van 25 000 jaar voor de datering van organische carbqnaten met behulp van de 14C-methode is te hoog.. Dit proefschrift. 8. Het woord automatisering wekt onjuiste verwachtingen als het gaat om de invoering en het gebruik van computers. 9. Kerkelijke liedboeken behoren losbladig te zijn. 10. De stelligheid waarmee waarheden worden verdedigd is eerder een maat voor onkunde dan voor inzicht. Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift: The Geomorphology of Southeast Kenya. A.P. Oosterom Wageningen, 20 april 1988 THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SOUTHEAST KENYA Promotoren: Dr. -
The Drowned Valleys on the Coast of Kenya
THE DROWNED VALLEYS ON THE COAST OF KENYA. By H. L. SIKES, B.A., B.E., H.INST. C.E., F.G.S. In his report on the Geology of the East Africa Protectorate .(Col. Rep. Misc. No. 45, Cd. 3828, London, 1908), Mr. H. B. Maufe pomted out that the tidal creeks on the coast of Kenya, the rock floors of which are far below sea level, originated as land valleys, which are now •• drowned." He also indicated that the sub-aerial erosion which produced or rejuvenated these valleys must have taken .place subse• quent to the formation of the raised coral reefs of Pleistocene age which form the existing coastal strip including most of Mombasa Island. Although much is still obscure, light has been thrown in recent years on the oscillations of relative level between sea and land on .the .East African coast. Amongst the writings which bear on this matter are Stockley's report on the" Geology of the Zanzibar Protec• tora.te " (London, 1928) with the associated report on the" Palaeon• tology of the Zanzibar Protectorate " by various specialists (London, 1927), Monograph No. IV of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow Univer• sity, containing various reports on geological collections from the coast lands of Kenya Colony made by Miss McKinnon W0011, and various papers and other publications recording the results of research work in other parts of the world on the relative level of land and sea during Quaternary times, the factors influencing coral growth, the solution of limestones by sea water and other phenomena. Borings carried out from time to time for the purpose of obtaining information relating to foundations for bridges and other structures, and to find water, have yielded evidence which is not without significance in the consideration of the history of these submerged valleys. -
An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 2008 An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya Festus Felix Gumbo Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Gumbo, Festus Felix, "An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya" (2008). Dissertation Projects DMin. 293. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/293 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT AN ADVENTIST MISSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO TRADITIONAL BELIEFS IN KENYA by Festus F. Gumbo Advisor: Bruce Bauer ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: AN ADVENTIST MISSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO TRADITIONAL BELIEFS IN KENYA Name of researcher: Festus Felix Gumbo Name and degree of faculty advisor: Bruce L. Bauer, D.Miss. Date completed: May 2008 Problem Seventh-day Adventist Christians in Kenya struggle to practice pure biblical teaching because many still practice African traditional beliefs. Many traditional beliefs are inconsistent with biblical teachings. This problem has contributed to syncretism that has weakened the Adventist message in Kenya. Many of the church members follow traditional beliefs because they fear to be condemned by members in society. The traditional belief that says a dead person continues to live and can communicate with the family is still strongly supported by many people in Kenya. -
Special Working Document for the National Constitutional Conference
SPECIAL WORKING DOCUMENT FOR THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL CONFERENCE REPORT ON CULTURE PREPARED BY THE COMMISSION AND APPROVED FOR ISSUE AT A STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING HELD ON 19TH AUGUST, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 1 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................ 7 PART I: THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE AND ITS APPLICATION ...................................... 22 1.0 MANDATE ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.0 THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE AND ITS APPLICATION..................................... 22 2.1 Definition of Culture................................................................................................ 22 2.2 What Culture is not.................................................................................................. 23 2.3 Culture As Applied To Development...................................................................... 23 2.4 Culture, Policy And Development Planning ........................................................... 26 2.5 Culture, Linguistic Diversity And Language Policy ............................................... 31 2.6 Globalizations and Culture ..................................................................................... -
THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of Tliè
SPECIA L ISSUE .;* **. l 1 ' xN / >+ k ssry # @ A # * : ' B e THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of tliè. Republie of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper a' t the G.P.O.) . L- E E EF . - .. .- . l . .. Vol. XCIV- NO. 25 NAIROBI, 5th Jpne, 1992 Price Sh. 12 2 77 7 L'L '.- E . ' . CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES GAZE'I'I'E Soncûs- lcontd.) PA-S PAoz . The . National Assembly and Presidential The National Assembly anl,l Presidential Elections Act-Notice to Electors . 596 Elections Act- Appointment of Rejistration Officers and Deputy Registration Ofhcers . 596 THE KMNYA GAZETTE 5th June, 1992 A person wào wishes to make application Gxzs'r'rs Norncs No. 2085 outside the registration' unit in which he wishes THE NATIONAL ASSEM BLY AND to be registeréd need n'ot attend personally if he PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS A CT com pletes an application and m akes the decla- (Cap.7) ration contained in the application form , and delivèrs it or sends it by yost to the Registration Officer of the registratlon unit in which he . ). REGISTRATION oF Vov Rs . y.r . wishes to be registered, so that it re>ches the ) -. i. w Registration Officer not Iater than the latest élosing date for applications in any of the Notice to Electors ' rçgistration units. The various registration units established for NOTICE iq given that it is proposçd to the registration of electors are those set out in compile new registers of electorj for the pkp the fipt colùmn of the Schedule to this notice, pose of the election of the presideni ànd and an applic nt should attend at the place of memb erSto the National Asjçm bly. -
State of Coast Report for Kenya (Second Edition)
State of Coast Report for Kenya (Second Edition) Enhancing Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Resources in Kenya Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources 1 © 2017 National Environment Management Authority Published in 2017 by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya. This publication may be reproduced in whole or part in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided that acknowledgement of the source is made. NEMA would appreciate a copy of any publication that uses this material, or part thereof, as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever, without prior permission in writing from NEMA. Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the materials in this document is those of the authors and do not reflect the views of NEMA, Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) or the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI). The designations employed and the presentation of the materials in this document do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Indian Ocean Commission concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The document contains the views expressed by the author(s) acting in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of IOC. For bibliographic purpose, this document should be cited as follows: Government of Kenya (2017) State of the Coast Report II: Enhancing Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Resources in Kenya. -
The Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests
THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION NOMINATION DOSSIER FOR INSCRIPTION ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST THE SACRED MIJIKENDA KAYA FORESTS (KENYA) JANUARY 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY State Party: Republic of Kenya Name of Property: The Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests (Serial Nomination) Geographical co-ordinates to the nearest second: Serial Name District Coordinates of Total No. Centre Point Area deg: min: sec (ha) 001 Kaya Giriama (Fungo) Kaloleni S 03 47 55 204 E 39 30 52 002 Kaya Jibana Kaloleni S 03 50 15 140 E 39 40 10 003 Kaya Kambe Kaloleni S 03 51 49 75 E 39 39 07 004 Kaya Kauma Kilifi S 03 37 14 75 E 39 44 10 005 Kaya Ribe Kaloleni S 03 53 49 36 E 39 37 58 006 The Rabai Kayas Kaloleni S 03 55 55 580 E 39 35 46 007 The Duruma Kayas Kinango S 03 59 54 398 E 39 31 25 008 Kaya Kinondo Msambweni S 04 23 36 30 E 39 32 41 Maps: See attached map of Series Note: There are no nominated buffer zones. However, the communal lands immediately outside the forest are regulated by customary laws / taboos and practices shaped by longstanding association between the local communities and the nominated sites. Justification: The Mijikenda Sacred Kaya forests are an outstanding and unique African example of how the collective attitudes and beliefs of a rural society have shaped or sculpted a landscape over time in response to prevailing needs. They contain the traces of historic fortified settlements of the Mijikenda ancestors which serve as a focus of cultural and ritual activities continuing on the sites today. -
Election Violence Triggers Revealed
SPECIAL REPORT The NEW ACT SET TO BAR CRIMINAL FROM HOLDING PUBLIC OFFICE — Pages 14 & 19 SUPPLEMENT Enhancing governance for all THE PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE Link PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EU MAY 2012 Issue No. 091 Kshs 40/= — Pages 15 - 18 Election violence triggers revealed It is now upto the state to act swiftly on the content of this report to save the country from violence By FAITH MUIRURI Education Consortium (CRECO) on conflict mapping and profiles of 47 counties in Kenya, points out that 80 percent of the counties rank within the moderate to VEN as efforts to reconcile commu- high risk of conflict areas. nities in conflict prone areas gain Counties more prone to violence include Marsabit, momentum across the country, a Isiolo, Mandera Wajir, Narok, Garissa, Tana River, E Mombasa, Kwale, Kilifi, Nairobi, Trans Nzoia, Mig- new report has identified possible triggers ori, Nyamira, Bomet, Kiambu, Uasin Gishu, Turkana, to ethnic violence ahead of the elections. West Pokot, Laikipia, Nakuru, Kisumu, Bungoma and The report cites the delineation of constituency Kirinyaga. boundaries among factors likely to trigger flare-ups According to the report, cases of ethnic intolerance, and erode gains made in restoring peace in hot spot border conflicts, political party zoning, competition areas. over land and other resources, proliferation of small The criminal cases against the four Kenyans at the arms, weak security and poverty still rank high among International Criminal Court (ICC) also feature promi- factors that divide communities in clash prone areas. nently among factors likely to heighten tension ahead The report underscores the need to monitor areas of the elections. -
From Farming to Fishing: Marine Resource Conservation and a New Generation of Fishermen
Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. Vol. 7,FROM No. 1,FARMING pp. 1–14, TO FISHING 2008 1 © 2008 WIOMSA From Farming to Fishing: Marine Resource Conservation and a New Generation of Fishermen Nicole Versleijen1 and Jan Hoorweg2 1P.O. Box 3857, Zanzibar, Tanzania; 2African Studies Centre, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands Keywords: Artisanal fishers, household survey, income diversification, marine conservation, Kenya Abstract—This paper examines the arrival of a new group of fishermen on the Kenyan coast and what this has meant for the state of fishery resources. It reviews four subject areas: access and the number of fishermen; the fishermen’s identity; the choice of fishing gear; and the fishing grounds selected. Data were collected from a small number of fishing households in the villages of Uyombo and Takaungu in Kilifi District, using mainly qualitative research methods. Local households on the Kenyan coast face increasing pressure on land as well as on marine resources. The declining economic situation and greater pressure on land have made people turn to fishing as an income-generating activity. This group of fishermen is referred to as the ‘new’ generation of fishermen as they have been involved in fishing for only one or two generations (including the current one) in contrast to the ‘old’ generation from families who have been fishing or in fishing- related activities for much longer. The old generation of fishermen and their households have also diversified their incomes, with many fishing households turning to farming, for example, with women and grown-up children involved in various activities. -
Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya
Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya Heritage and Cultural Natural Conservation of In Kenya, cultural and natural heritage has a particular value. Its prehistoric heritage not only tells the story of man's origin and evolution but Conservation has also contributed to the understanding of the earth's history, via fossils and artefacts spanning over 27 million years that have been discovered and conserved by the National Museums of Kenya (NMK). Alongside this, the steady rise in the market value of African art has also affected Kenya: demand for African tribal art has surpassed that for antiquities of of Roman, Byzantine, and Egyptian origin, and in African countries currently experiencing conflicts, this activity invariably attracts looters, traffickers and criminal networks. This book brings together essays by heritage experts from different Natural backgrounds, including conservation, heritage management, museum studies, archaeology, environment and social sciences, architecture and landscape, geography, philosophy and economics to explore three key themes: the underlying ethics, practices and legal issues of heritage and conservation; the exploration of architectural and urban heritage of Nairobi; and the natural heritage, landscapes and sacred sites in relation to local Kenyan communities and tourism. It thus provides an overview of conservation practices in Kenya from 2000 to 2015 and highlights the role of natural and cultural heritage as a key factor of social-economic Cultural development, and as a potential instrument for conflict resolution. ANNE-MARIE DEISSER is Research Associate at the Department of History and Archaeology of the University of Nairobi and Honorary Research Associate at UCL’s Institute of Archaeology, London.