DOCSLIB.ORG

Arbeitskommandos...21 Bridge on The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arbeitskommandos...21 Bridge on The DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS E NCYCLOPEDIA OF P RISONERS OF W AR AND I NTERNMENT SECOND EDITION SECTION ONE: ENTRIES A Abu Ghraib Prison........................................................ 1 Accommodation ........................................................... 2 Afghan Wars ................................................................ 5 Agincourt Massacre...................................................... 7 Allen, Ethan ................................................................. 8 Altmark Incident .......................................................... 9 American Revolution.................................................... 9 Andersonville............................................................... 13 Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) ..................................... 14 Apache Wars ................................................................ 16 Arab-Israeli Wars ......................................................... 17 Arbeitskommandos....................................................... 21 Ardeatine Caves Massacre ............................................ 22 Ashanti Wars................................................................ 23 Assurance..................................................................... 24 Attila The Hun ............................................................. 25 Auschwitz .................................................................... 25 Avitaminosis ................................................................ 26 Aztecs .......................................................................... 27 B Bader, Douglas Robert.................................................. 29 Barbary Wars................................................................ 30 Barbed-Wire Disease .................................................... 31 Basil II Bulgaroctonus .................................................. 33 Bataan Death March ..................................................... 33 Bergen-Belsen............................................................... 34 Berger, Gottlob............................................................. 36 Beslan .......................................................................... 37 Biafran War .................................................................. 39 Bicycle Camp................................................................ 41 Big Switch, Operation................................................... 42 Black Hole of Calcutta.................................................. 43 Blue Division................................................................ 44 Boer War ...................................................................... 45 Bonaparte, Napoleon .................................................... 47 Bosnian War ................................................................. 48 Boulle, Pierre ............................................................... 49 Boxer Rising (1900)....................................................... 50 Brändström, Elsa .......................................................... 51 Bridge on the River Kwai, The...................................... 52 British Army Aid Group ............................................... 52 British Free Corps ........................................................ 53 i Brussels Declaration .....................................................54 Buchenwald ..................................................................55 Bullet Decree ................................................................56 Burma-Thailand (Death) ...............................................56 Bushell, Roger Joyce .....................................................58 C Cabanatuan...................................................................59 Camp Followers ............................................................60 Captive Heart, The........................................................61 Casement, Roger David.................................................62 Cavell, Edith.................................................................62 Central POW Agency ....................................................63 Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (CROWCASS) ..........................65 Cervantes, Miguel de ....................................................66 Chad Civil Wars............................................................66 Changi ..........................................................................67 Chaplains......................................................................68 Chechen Wars ...............................................................70 Chieti............................................................................72 Children .......................................................................72 Chinese Civil War.........................................................74 Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer.............................77 Civilian Internees—World War I ...................................77 Civilian Internees—World War II..................................79 Civilian Internees—World War II—Britain ....................81 Civilian Internees—World War II—North America........82 Code of Conduct ...........................................................86 Colditz..........................................................................87 Colditz Story, The.........................................................88 Colonial Captivity Narratives .......................................89 Commando Order .........................................................91 Commissar Order..........................................................92 Concentration Camps....................................................93 Cowra Incident .............................................................94 Crimean War.................................................................96 Crusades.......................................................................97 Cummings, Edward Estlin (e. e.)...................................98 Cypriot Conflict............................................................99 Czech Legion ................................................................101 D Dachau .........................................................................103 Dartmoor ......................................................................104 Dean, Major General William E. ....................................105 Decree Concerning Prisoners of War .............................105 Defection ......................................................................106 DEF/SEP Status ............................................................107 Defence Regulation 18B ................................................108 Doolittle Raid ...............................................................109 ii Dulag Luft.................................................................... 110 E Education..................................................................... 113 Egypt, Ancient ............................................................. 114 Elmira .......................................................................... 116 English Civil War ......................................................... 117 Epidemics..................................................................... 119 Escape .......................................................................... 120 Ethiopian Civil War (1974-1993) ................................... 123 Exchange...................................................................... 124 Extermination Camps ................................................... 126 F Falklands War .............................................................. 129 Families ....................................................................... 131 Featherston Incident..................................................... 133 Film ............................................................................. 134 Forcible Repatriation.................................................... 137 Franco-Prussian War .................................................... 139 Frank, Anne ................................................................. 140 Fraustadt-Grodno Massacres ........................................ 141 French Revolution, Wars of the .................................... 141 Fresnes Prison .............................................................. 142 Fryatt, Charles Algernon .............................................. 144 G Games .......................................................................... 145 Gaulle, Charles-Andre-Marie-Joseph De ............................................................................. 146 Geneva Convention Additional Protocols (1977)......................................................... 147 Geneva Convention of 1929 .......................................... 148 Geneva Convention of 1949 .......................................... 149 Geneva Conventions of 1864 and 1906 .......................... 150 Gerard, James Watson, III............................................. 150 Gestapo ........................................................................ 151 Giraud, Henri-Honore .................................................. 152 Grand Illusion (La Grande Illusion) ............................. 152 Great Escape ................................................................ 153 Great Escape, The......................................................... 154 Great Northern War ....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Remedies for Victims of Violations of International Humanitarian Law
    RICR Septembre IRRC September 2003 Vol. 85 No 851 497 Remedies for victims of violations of international humanitarian law LIESBETH ZEGVELD* International humanitarian law (“IHL”) has never been confined to the level of relations between States.1 On the contrary, the initiators of the nineteenth century conventions already believed that human persons had inviolable rights even during armed conflicts.2 However, recognition of rights is one thing, the right to claim those rights is another. So far, States have been reluctant to entitle, explicitly and in general, victims of violations of international humanitarian law to claim reparation. As humanitarian law treaties do not expressly envisage causes of action for victims in national or international law, they are hardly able to exercise their rights. On this point international humanitarian law sharply contrasts with tendencies in international law. In spite of the gap in the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility, which were finally adopted in 20013 but fail to mention rights of individuals in the regime of secondary rights,4 it is generally known that human rights treaties provide a remedy, both substantive and procedural, for individuals suffering injury from unlaw- ful conduct by State authorities. For example, Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights stipulates that individuals whose rights as set forth in that Convention are violated shall have “an effective remedy before a national authority”. And Article 50 of the same Convention mandates the European Court of Human Rights to afford just satisfaction to victims. Human rights treaties also provide for specific provisions on compensation, for example to victims of unlawful arrest or detention.5 Most recently, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court6 authorizes the Court to determine any damage, loss or injury to victims and order reparations to them.
    [Show full text]
  • German Prisoners of War in Canada, 1940–1946: an Autobiography-Based Essay
    Canadian Military History Volume 27 Issue 2 Article 19 2018 German Prisoners of War in Canada, 1940–1946: An Autobiography-Based Essay Franz-Karl Stanzel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Stanzel, Franz-Karl "German Prisoners of War in Canada, 1940–1946: An Autobiography-Based Essay." Canadian Military History 27, 2 (2018) This Feature is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stanzel: German Prisoners of War in Canada German Prisoners of War in Canada, 1940–1946 An Autobiography-Based Essay FRANZ-KARL STANZEL “What is a prisoner of war? He is a man who has tried to kill you and, having failed to kill you, asks you not to kill him.” —Winston Churchill Abstract : The four years I spent in British and Canadian POW Camps offered ample time to study English Literature. This experience in particular had a decisive effect on my later career as university teacher of English literature. It also helped me to become one of the first Anglicists at German and Austrian universities, who included Canadian literature in his syllabus and a founder member of the German Association for Canadian Studies. In this essay based on my war-autobiography, I describe the experience of German POWs in Canada. I was captured in 1942 when serving as third officer of the watch on board U-331 after my vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean by a torpedo fired from a RAF Albacore.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Prisoners of War in the Twentieth Century
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Student Theses Baruch College 1-1-1997 A study of prisoners of war in the twentieth century Victor Montejo Baruch College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bb_etds/45 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] A STUDY OF PRISONERS OF WAR IN THE TWENTHIETH CENTURY by Victor Montejo © April 28, 1997 Submitted to the Committee on Undergraduate Honors of Baruch College of The City University of New York in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History with Honors ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Status of prisoners of war in the Middle Ages Philosophical and Humanitarian opinions Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Emmerich de Vattel Red Cross and Francis Lieber Geneva Convention, Hague Convention and the Red Cross First World War Industrialization and modern warfare The European Front Russian treatment of prisoners of war German treatment of prisoners of war British treatment of prisoners of war The Pacific Front Japanese treatment of prisoners of war The Middle East British treatment of prisoners of war The Interwar years League of Nations Geneva Convention of 1929 The Spanish Civil War Conflict of Idealism; Fascism, Communism, and Democracy Second World War The Pacific Front Japanese treatment of prisoners of war Allied treatment of prisoners
    [Show full text]
  • German Prisoners of War in Britain, 1940-1948: Policy and Performance
    _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses German prisoners of war in Britain, 1940-1948: Policy and performance. Clarke, Gillian S How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Clarke, Gillian S (2006) German prisoners of war in Britain, 1940-1948: Policy and performance.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42278 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ German Prisoners of War in Britain, 1940-1948: Policy and Performance Gillian S. Clarke Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swansea University, 2006 ProQuest Number: 10797986 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • HOLOCAUST DENIAL Kenneth S
    HOLOCAUST DENIAL Kenneth S. Stern The American Jewish Committee New York Kenneth S. Stern is program specialist on anti-Semitism and extremism for the American Jewish Committee. The American Jewish Committeeprotects the rights andfreedoms ofJews the world over; combats bigotry and anti-Semitism andpromotes hwnan rights for all; works for the security of Israel and deepened understanding between Americans and Israe- lis; advocates public policy positions rooted in American democratic vulues and the perspectives ofthe Jewish heritagr: and enhances the creative virality of the Jewish people. Founded in 1906, it is the pioneer human-relations agency in the United States. Copyright 0 1993 The American Jewish Committeen All rights reserved Library of Congress catalog number 93-070665 ISBN 0-87495-102-X First printing April 1993 Second printing June 1993 Third printing July 1994 This publication is dedicated to the memory of Zachariah Shuster, who gave 40 years of extraordinary service to the cause of world Jewry, human rights, and Jewish-Christian understanding. He opened AJC's European office in 1948, helping thousands of Holo- caust survivors, and, later, North African Jews fleeing anti-Semi- tism, rebuild their lives. On behalf of the AJC, he had a hand in establishing the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, the passage of Nostra Aetaze-which marked a turning point in Catholic attitudes toward Jews-and the publication of German textbooks containing accurate information about Jews, Judaism, anti-Semitism, and the Holocaust. In the early 1950s, Zachariah Shuster was one of the first to speak out about the plight of Soviet Jewry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civil Reintegration of Demobilized Soldiers of the German
    FROM SOLDIERS TO CITIZENS: THE CIVIL REINTEGRATION OF DEMOBILIZED SOLDIERS OF THE GERMAN WEHRMACHT AND THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY AFTER UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER IN 1945 By BIRGIT SCHNEIDER A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of History MAY 2010 © Copyright by BIRGIT SCHNEIDER, 2010 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by BIRGIT SCHNEIDER, 2010 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of BIRGIT SCHNEIDER find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Raymond C. Sun, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Noriko Kawamura, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Brigit Farley, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone who has helped me be successful in the Ph.D. program at the History Department at Washington State University and beyond. First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee chair, Raymond Sun, for his constant trust and support, and for many enlightening discussions. I could not have finished this project without him. I would also like to thank my committee members, Noriko Kawamura and Brigit Farley, for their help, insights, and thoughts on my work. I would like to thank Alex D’Erizans, Victor Cheng, Sun Yi, Elise Foxworth, Susanne Klien, Midori Keech, and Vincent Pollard for their critical and supportive questions and comments at the conferences where I presented parts of this dissertation, at GSA, NYCAS, AHA-PCB, JSA-ASEAN, and JSA. Further, I would like to thank Professor Hiroshi Fujino for his tremendous help in getting in contact with Kimura Takuji, and Kimura-san for sharing his thesis with me.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War1
    Aufsatz Richard D. Wiggers The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War1 In his study entitled Nazi Prisoners of War in America, historian Arnold Krammer relates how the U. S. Government followed the 1929 Geneva Convention to the letter during World War Π in its treatment of nearly 400,000 captured German military personnel imprisoned in POW camps across the United States. According to Krammer the U. S. government »was almost obsessed with adherence to a liberal interpretation of the Geneva Convention, often far in excess of any agreed-upon requirements«.2 Even during the closing months of the war, the United States government gave every indication that it intended to continue to abide fully by the 1929 Geneva Convention in its treatment of captured enemy military personnel. As of January 1945,100 million leaflets to that effect had been dropped behind the shrinking German front lines, and by April 1945 large numbers of »safe conduct« passes making similar promises and signed by Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) commander Dwight D. Eisenhower had also been dropped behind German lines by the US Army to induce surrenders of enemy military personnel.3 The same apparently unequivocal stance in support of compliance with the 1929 Geneva Convention was taken domestically by US government officials. During hearings which were held in Washington in April 1945 before a Special Committee of the US House of Representatives, officials from both the State and the War Departments
    [Show full text]
  • Epw/Ci Policy and Procedures
    SUBCOURSE EDITION MP2011 D EPW/CI POLICY AND PROCEDURES EPW/CI POLICY AND PROCEDURES Subcourse Number MP2011 EDITION D United States Army Military Police School 5 CREDIT HOURS Edition Date: October 1996 SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW Enemy prisoner of war (EPW) and civilian internee (CI) operations is one of four missions that the military police (MP) are responsible for. History tells us that EPW and CI are as much a part of armed conflict as weapons and tactics. The next battlefield will be characterized by nonlinear operations (rear, close, and deep) and decentralized command and control. Mobility of tactical units is critical because of the increasing lethality of weapons systems. Prompt evacuation of EPW from tactical units will give our combat forces greater freedom to maneuver. This subcourse provides an overview of MP doctrine for collecting, evacuating, and interning enemy prisoners of war and civilian internees. The doctrine in this subcourse may be applied to all levels of conflict including mature theaters with forward deployed units, contingency operations, and in operations in war other than war. No prerequisites are required for this subcourse. This subcourse reflects the doctrine that was current at the time of preparation. In your work situation, always refer to the latest publications and use the most current doctrine. Unless otherwise stated, the use of masculine pronouns includes both men and women. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Plan EPW and CI operations in a theater of operations. CONDITION: You have this subcourse, paper and pencil. STANDARD: To demonstrate competency of this task, you must achieve a minimum score of 70 percent on the subcourse examination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Execution of German Deserters by Surrendered German Troops Under Canadian Control in Amsterdam, May 1945
    Canadian Military History Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 8 1993 Victims of Circumstance: the Execution of German Deserters by Surrendered German Troops Under Canadian Control in Amsterdam, May 1945 Chris Madsen University of Victoria Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Madsen, Chris "Victims of Circumstance: the Execution of German Deserters by Surrendered German Troops Under Canadian Control in Amsterdam, May 1945." Canadian Military History 2, 1 (1993) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Madsen: Victims of Circumstance: the Execution of German Deserters by Sur Victims of Circumstance: The Execution of German Deserters by Surrendered German Troops Under Canadian Control in Amsterdam, May 1945 Chris Madsen Introduction German commanders and military judges continued to apply an irregular military law n the morning of 13 May 1945, five days against deserters; and Canadian restrictions Oafter the formal capitulation of Hitler's on these actions remained limited and hesitant. Wehrmacht, a German military court delivered In this situation, larger political and strategic death sentences on two German naval considerations worked against deserters like deserters, Bruno Dorfer and Rainer Beck. The Dorfer and Beck. Canadian reactions, during trial occurred in an abandoned Ford assembly and twenty-one years after the execution, plant on the outskirts of Amsterdam, a site reflected a sad record of indifference and used by the Canadian army for the callousness for these unfortunate victims of concentration of German naval personneL Later latent Nazism.
    [Show full text]
  • Other Losses
    P r a i s e for OTHER LOSSES 'A brave book which ferrets out one of the war's least welcome secrets... [It] provokes bewilderment, anger and dismay' J U L I A N B A R N E S 'I was wrong to dismiss this book unseen as a pack of revisionist lies. In fact, the author has conducted painstaking and valuable research, and revealed much about the conduct of senior American and French leaders which is unflattering' Daily Mail 'There seems ample evidence that there was large-scale neglect of the huge mass of German troops who gave themselves up to the Americans because they feared the Russians more' G u a r d i a n This is a great and grim masterpiece of investigative journalism, unmasking one of the most successful cover-ups in modern history' I n d e p t n d t n t on S u n d a y ISBN 0-П16-64070-0 jacket photograph: tlldiicli I r t > i ■ 1* c I • i littirkitlli uui Muut d 11 o nt I r a n i liant However, while this titanic revenge was taking place, Western leaders strongly opposed to the betrayal of Christian ideals were desperately seeking to bring help to the Germans, as part of a policy to aid starving people around the world, Herbert Hoover, US Secretary of War Robert Patterson, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King and his assistant Norman Robertson together created the largest chanty in history, a food-aid program that saved hundreds of millions of lives around the world during three years of struggle against famine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dark Secret of America's WWII German Death Camps
    The Dark Secret of America’s WWII German Death Camps By Richard Stockton on July 20, 2017 At the end of World War II, the U.S. opened camps of its own, where perhaps a million German prisoners died in secret. WIKIMEDIA A U.S. soldier at Camp Remagen, one of the Rheinwiesenlager camps, guarding thousands Every schoolchild knows that the German side in World War II falsely imprisoned millions of noncombatants in a constellation of concentration camps scattered across the Nazi sphere of influence in Europe. Conditions in these camps were inhumane, to say the least, fraught with starvation, disease, and deliberate murder stalking every inmate for the months or years they spent interned. What has largely escaped the victors’ history books, however, is that another program of internment and mass murder was put together at the end of the war by Allied forces, who took in millions of German prisoners in the summer of 1945 and deliberately starved roughly one in four of them to death. The story of the Rheinwiesenlager, or “Rhine Camps,” was then covered up and obfuscated by professional historians for decades after the war while the survivors grew old and the prisoner records were destroyed.Rheinwiesenlager: Last Moves Of A Lost War Flickr/ArmyDiversity In the spring of 1945, the handwriting was on the wall for Germany. Millions of Allied troops poured into the Rhineland from the west, while the German SS and Wehrmacht forces staged desperate last stand actions in Vienna and Berlin to slow the Soviet Red Army’s advance in the east.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER and Newsletter Editor Professor Emeritus of History University of Florida ISBN 0-89126-060-9 Department of History 3445 N
    AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR Arthur L. Funk, Chairman . Donald S. Detwiler, Secretary NEWSLETTER and Newsletter Editor Professor Emeritus of History University of Florida ISBN 0-89126-060-9 Department of History 3445 N. W. 30th Boulevard Southern Illinois University Gainesville, Florida 32605 at Carbondale ISSN 0885.:.5668 Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Permanent Directors No. 44 Fall 1990 Robin Higham, ArchIVist Charles F. Delzell Department of History Vanderbilt University Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 66506 H. Stuart Hughes CONTENTS University of California International Book at San Diego Review Coordination: Forrest C. Pogue Arthur L. Funk Dwight D. Eisenhower Institute General Information 2 3445 N.W. 30th Boulevard Gainesville, Florida 32605 Terms expiring 1990 The ACHSWW is affiliated with: Dean C. Allard The Newsletter 2 Naval Historical Center American Historical Association Stephen E. Ambrose 400 A Street, S.E. University of New Orleans Annual Membership Dues 2 Washington, D.C. 20003 Harold C. Deutsch Comite International Army War College and d'Histoire de la Deuxieme University of Minnesota (emer.) Guerre Mondiale Committee Elections 3 A, Harry Paape, Secretary David Kahn General and Treasurer Great Neck, N.Y. Netherlands State Institute Warren F. Kimball The Quinquennial Meeting of the In­ for War Documentation Rutgers University Herengracht 474 ternational Committee in August 1990 3 1017 CA Amsterdam Telford Taylor The Netherlands New York City Robert Wolfe The Annual Meeting of the American National Archives Committee in December 1990 4 Janet Ziegler University ofCalHomia at Los Angeles Future Meetings and Conferences Terms expiring 1991 Siena College World War II Conference, May 1991 5 Brig.
    [Show full text]