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Militaryzacja I Zbrojenia Kosmosu : Studium Prawnomiędzynarodowe

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Militaryzacja I Zbrojenia Kosmosu : Studium Prawnomiędzynarodowe Title: Militaryzacja i zbrojenia kosmosu : studium prawnomiędzynarodowe Author: Damian Maria Bielicki Citation style: Bielicki Damian Maria. (2014). Militaryzacja i zbrojenia kosmosu : studium prawnomiędzynarodowe. Praca doktorska. Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski UNIWERSYTET ŚLĄSKI W KATOWICACH WYDZIAŁ PRAWA I ADMINISTRACJI Damian Maria Bielicki Nr albumu 4787 Militaryzacja i zbrojenia kosmosu. Studium prawnomi ędzynarodowe. Rozprawa doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem naukowym Prof. dr hab. Barbary Mikołajczyk KATOWICE 2014 SPIS TRE ŚCI WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW .......................................................................................................... 3 1. Organizacje narodowe i mi ędzynarodowe ................................................................... 3 2. Umowy mi ędzynarodowe ............................................................................................ 4 3. Zbiory dokumentów i periodyki .................................................................................. 6 4. Skróty techniczne ......................................................................................................... 7 5. Inne .............................................................................................................................. 8 WST ĘP ................................................................................................................................ 9 ROZDZIAŁ I: ZAGADNIENIA WPROWADZAJ ĄCE I ŹRÓDŁA PRAWA ............... 15 1. Rozwój astronautyki i prawa kosmicznego ............................................................... 15 2. Podstawowe definicje i koncepcje ............................................................................. 23 2.1. Definicja kosmosu .............................................................................................. 23 2.2. Poj ęcie prawa kosmicznego ................................................................................ 26 2.3. „Metaprawo” ....................................................................................................... 27 2.3.1. Geneza i definicje ........................................................................................ 27 2.3.2. Koncepcje Andrew Haleya i Ernsta Fasana ................................................. 29 2.3.3. SETI ............................................................................................................. 31 2.3.4. Aksjologia .................................................................................................... 32 3. Podstawowe problemy prawa kosmicznego .............................................................. 34 3.1. Stosowanie analogii ............................................................................................ 34 3.2. Delimitacja przestrzeni powietrznej i kosmicznej .............................................. 39 4. Źródła prawa kosmicznego ........................................................................................ 46 4.1. Prawo zwyczajowe ............................................................................................. 49 4.2. Umowy wielostronne i dwustronne .................................................................... 51 4.3. Doktryna i orzecznictwo ..................................................................................... 53 4.4. Akty jednostronne ............................................................................................... 54 4.5. Soft law ............................................................................................................... 56 4.6. Krajowe prawa kosmiczne .................................................................................. 58 5. Wnioski ...................................................................................................................... 59 ROZDZIAŁ II: CYWILNO-WOJSKOWY STATUS PERSONELU I OBIEKTÓW ..... 64 1. Personel ...................................................................................................................... 64 1.1. Terminologia ....................................................................................................... 68 1.2. Przywileje i obowi ązki ........................................................................................ 73 1.3. Szpiegostwo ........................................................................................................ 79 1.4. Działania w kierunku prywatyzacji i outsourcingu ............................................ 83 2. Obiekty ....................................................................................................................... 88 2.1. Definicje .............................................................................................................. 88 2.2. Kontrola importu i eksportu ................................................................................ 90 2.3. Bazy wojskowe i instalacje na ciałach niebieskich ............................................ 92 3. Wnioski ...................................................................................................................... 93 ROZDZIAŁ III: POKOJOWE WYKORZYSTANIE PRZESTRZENI KOSMICZNEJ A WY ŚCIG ZBROJE Ń ..................................................................................................... 98 1. Poj ęcie pokojowego wykorzystania kosmosu ........................................................... 98 1.2. Ewolucja prawa ................................................................................................... 99 1.2.1. ONZ wobec problemu pokojowego wykorzystania .................................... 99 1.2.2. Corpus Iuris Spatialis ................................................................................. 101 1.2.3. Inne umowy wielostronne .......................................................................... 105 1.2.4. Umowy dwustronne i prawa krajowe ........................................................ 109 1.3. Kierunki interpretacyjne ................................................................................... 112 1 2. Zbrojenia i ich zapobieganie .................................................................................... 116 2.1. Podwójne zastosowanie obiektów kosmicznych .............................................. 119 2.1.1. Telekomunikacja ........................................................................................ 120 2.1.2. Teledetekcja ............................................................................................... 123 2.1.3. Bezpo średnie nadawanie satelitarne .......................................................... 126 2.1.4. Nawigacja satelitarna ................................................................................. 129 2.2. Rekonesans satelitarny ...................................................................................... 130 2.3. Bro ń kosmiczna ................................................................................................ 133 2.3.1. Bro ń nuklearna i masowej zagłady ............................................................ 133 2.3.2. Bro ń kinetyczna ......................................................................................... 136 2.3.3. Nowe rodzaje broni .................................................................................... 138 2.4. Szcz ątki kosmiczne ........................................................................................... 142 3. Wnioski .................................................................................................................... 145 ROZDZIAŁ IV: POTENCJALNE U ŻYCIE SIŁY ........................................................ 153 1. Wprowadzenie ......................................................................................................... 153 2. Zakaz u życia siły ..................................................................................................... 155 2.1. Ataki cybernetyczne a teorie u życia siły .......................................................... 160 2.2. Cechy charakterystyczne „ataków kosmicznych ˮ ............................................ 166 3. Wyj ątki od zakazu u życia siły ................................................................................. 170 3.1. Prawo do samoobrony ...................................................................................... 170 3.2. Akcja Rady Bezpiecze ństwa ............................................................................. 175 4. Zasady przeprowadzania ataków i środki ostro żno ści ............................................. 177 4.1. Rozró żnianie, konieczno ść i proporcjonalno ść ................................................ 177 4.2. Niszczenie i konfiskata mienia ......................................................................... 184 4.3. Neutralno ść ....................................................................................................... 186 5. Odpowiedzialno ść za szkody ................................................................................... 187 6. Wnioski .................................................................................................................... 190 ZAKO ŃCZENIE ............................................................................................................. 195 BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................. 200 1. Monografie i prace zbiorowe ................................................................................... 200 2. Artykuły w czasopismach
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