STRIVING for PEACE During the SEVENTY-SECOND SESSION of the UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SEPTEMBER 2018
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United Nations STRIVING for PEACE during the SEVENTY-SECOND SESSION of the UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SEPTEMBER 2018 United Nations Editing and design: Copy Preparation and Proofreading Unit/DGACM Published by the United Nations Copyright © 2018 Office of the President of the General Assembly United Nations All rights reserved. In March 2018, I travelled to western Colombia and was Foreword inspired to see indigenous communities working with the United Nations to build peace by strengthening social bonds. I was inspired to see villages, which had suffered A new approach to peace through more than fifty years of war, taking steps to make When the United Nations was created, its founders envi- sure they didn’t slide back into conflict. sioned a world in which disputes would be resolved in meet- We may hold the bulk of our discussions in New York, but ing rooms not battlefields, a world in which wars would be those discussions must be informed by experience on stopped before they broke out, a world that wouldn’t wait the ground. We need to highlight what the real peace- for lives to be lost before springing into action. builders are doing — from those running women’s peace Not enough has been done to make that vision a reality. huts in Liberia, to those organizing mediation workshops That is why the United Nations needs a new approach to in Kyrgyzstan. That is why the High-level Meeting pooled peace. actors from different countries, sectors and societies so that they could share their insights. Fortunately, we have already started. In 2016, the General Assembly and the Security Council came together to call Of course, it doesn’t matter if everyone buys into the con- for change. Part of that was a renewed focus on conflict cept of sustaining peace if there are no funds to carry it out. prevention. From 24 to 26 April 2018, further to a deci- Currently, the amount we spend on preventing conflict is a sion of the General Assembly, I convened the High-level mere fraction of what we spend on responding to conflict Meeting on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, in New or on rebuilding societies after they have been torn apart York, which brought world leaders together to see how far by conflict. Aside from the suffering that we’re failing to pre- we had come and to set concrete plans for the future. The vent, that distribution just does not make financial sense. outcome of the meeting was General Assembly resolution Increasing investment to sustain peace in even a handful of 72/276 on follow up to the Secretary-General’s report on countries can result in billions of dollars of savings for the peacebuilding and sustaining peace (A/72/707-S/2018/43). international community. In that resolution, the General Assembly established a If I asked you to name the United Nations’ biggest achieve- strong mandate for relevant United Nations bodies and ments, you would no doubt say its humanitarian relief organs to further advance, explore and consider the imple- efforts or its peacekeeping missions. Those are the ones mentation of the recommendations and options contained that get attention in the news. in the Secretary-General’s report. But the United Nations was founded for peace. That’s what Too often we have acted when peace was already lost. its flag stands for, not just soldiers and boxes of food aid. Its When I say “peace”, I mean the kind of peace that can be success in preventing conflict should be the norm, not the taken for granted, the kind of peace that won’t disappear at exception. the next election cycle, the kind of peace that is measured not in months or years, but in generations. The United Nations must be the world’s broker for peace. That is what we are referring to, when we say “sustaining peace”. Some might say that this kind of peace is impossible in certain parts of the world. I say that it is not. I have seen that kind of peace first hand. When Montenegro split from Serbia, peace was not a given. In fact, some predicted that there would be serious violence. But through intense diplo- Miroslav Lajčák matic efforts and real political will, peace persevered. And President of the seventy-second session of the that peace has lasted — with no signs that it will waver in United Nations General Assembly the future. The ground-breaking concept of sustaining peace was thoroughly explored at the High-level Meeting, but it is not owned by the United Nations. It belongs to the people: to the women in Papua New Guinea; to the young people in Nigeria; to the business executives in Jordan. iii iv Striving for Peace Contents Page Foreword ............................................................................ iii Introduction ......................................................................... 1 I. Peacebuilding and sustaining peace in the United Nations................. 5 • Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 April 2016 ............... 7 • Peacebuilding and sustaining peace .......................................... 17 II. Promoting peacebuilding and sustaining peace worldwide ............... 35 • Roadmap of the President seventy-second session of the General Assembly for peacebuilding and sustaining peace....................................... 36 • Sustaining Peace: Partnerships for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding ..... 38 • Statements delivered at various events to promote peacebuilding and sustain- ing peace ..................................................................... 42 III. High-level meeting on peacebuilding and sustaining peace ............... 127 • Side events in lead up to and around the High-level Meeting on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ......................................................... 128 • Concept note for the High-Level Meetingon Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, 24–25 April 2018 ....................................................... 130 • Final Programme of the High-Level Meeting on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, held from 24 to 26 April 2018........................................... 136 • Summary of the High-Level Meeting on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace ... 141 • Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 26 April 2018 ................ 151 • Statements made by panelists at the High-level Meetingon Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, held in New Yorkfrom 24 to 26 April 2018 ................... 152 v vi Striving for Peace Introduction In his acceptance speech, Miroslav Lajčák, President of the Seoul and N’Djamena. The President held meetings with seventy-second session of the General Assembly, identified the Group of Seven Plus (g7+), the Group of Friends of peacebuilding and sustaining peace as a key priority. The Mediation, the Human Rights/Conflict Prevention Caucus, President was mandated in General Assembly resolution the Group of Friends of Sustaining Peace and the Group 70/262 on review of the United Nations peacebuilding of Friends of Security Sector Reform. The President also architecture to convene, under the agenda item entitled participated in several events organized by permanent “Peacebuilding and sustaining peace”, a high-level meeting missions, universities, think tanks, institutes and other on efforts undertaken and opportunities to strengthen the international organizations such as the World Bank and the United Nations work on sustaining peace. That mandate African Union. Finally, the President frequently met with was noted by the Security Council in its resolution 2282 the Secretary-General, the former and current Chairs of (2016). the Peacebuilding Commission and the Presidents of the Security Council. To build momentum in the lead up to the high-level meeting, the President released, on 16 November 2017, During his tenure, the President launched two initiatives his “Roadmap for peacebuilding and sustaining peace”, to promote peacebuilding and sustaining peace: a dia- in which he outlined a set of priorities to guide him as he logue entitled “Sustaining Peace: Partnerships for Conflict engaged in and planned activities aimed at assessing the Prevention and Peacebuilding”, on 8 December 2017; and a efforts undertaken and opportunities to strengthen the retreat on “Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace”, on 6 and United Nations’ work on peacebuilding and sustaining 7 March 2018. peace. The roadmap set five priorities: The dialogue, convened in cooperation with six civil soci- (1) Outreach through maintaining dialogue with Member ety organizations and academic partners to discuss the States and all relevant stakeholders, and engaging in activ- critical role of partnerships in sustaining peace and pre- ities that promote peacebuilding and sustaining peace; vention, served as an important step in the process leading (2) Supporting the work of the United Nations by up to the High-Level Meeting of the General Assembly on engaging in regular exchanges with senior leadership at Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace. It was intended as a Headquarters and in the field to learn about the measures valuable platform for relevant stakeholders to present their taken to overcome silos and establish a coherent and inte- perspectives, facilitate learning and exchange, and foster grated approach to peacebuilding; conversation among all participants on challenges and opportunities for sustaining peace in practice. (3) Focusing on experiences and best practices by learning from experience on the ground through visits to The retreat, convened in collaboration with the Inter- United Nations missions and country teams, learning from national Peace Institute