Compare These Types of Parental Care in Non-‐Amniotes

5/4/16

Compare these types of parental Which type of male sings to a6ract females? care in non-‐amniotes. McIver, Marchaterre,. Rice, & Bass, 2014

Time (sec)

Type I: 80-‐90% of males, large, territorial Plainﬁn Midshipman

Type II: small body, fast sperm hOp://www.basslab.org/photos/ hOp://bio3520.nicerweb.com/Locked/chap/ch03/sonic_muscles.html

Biol 417, Lecture 16, Spring 2016, Dr. Karen E. Petersen hOp://blogs.scienQficamerican.com/brainwaves/what-‐singing-‐fish-‐reveal-‐about-‐speech-‐and-‐hearing/ hOp://www.livescience.com/27237-‐fish-‐sings-‐for-‐mates.html

Describe the changes in Plainﬁn Are Type I males stressed & exhausted by Midshipman across their breeding cycle their breeding & care of oﬀspring? ScienQsts wanted to know when these males get to eat….

(A) CollecQon depth & (B) GonadosomaQc index (GSI) of females & type I males

Forlano, Sisneros, Rohmann , & Bass, 2015 Bose, CogliaQ, Howe, Balshine , 2014

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What proporEon of Type I males Paternal care occurs in Glass Frogs engaged in cannibalism of eggs? Obligate vs. facultaQve care

Grey bars: cannibalisQc males; white bars: noncannibalisQc males

Hyalinobatrachium ﬂeischmanni, Family Centrolenidae Delia, Ramírez-‐BauQsta, & Summers, 2014 Bose, CogliaQ, Howe, Balshine, 2014 hOp://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/04/when-‐dads-‐go-‐missing-‐frogs-‐start-‐hatching

Biparental care, monogamy & matrophy! All/most? Female frogs in the family Ranitomeya imitator, Family DendrobaQdae, the poison dart frogs HemiphracEdae a6ach eggs to their backs

Stefania ayangannae

Brown, Morales, Summers, 2010

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Tadpoles or direct development with a6ached eggs A frog that gives birth to tadpoles! Limnonectes larvaepartus, Family Dicroglossidae (Fanged Frogs) Pipa carvalhoi

PipaFernandes pipa, Antoniazzi, Sasso-‐Cerri, et al. 2011 hOp://www.arkive.org/suriname-‐toad/pipa-‐pipa/video-‐00.html Fritziana goeldii  tadpoles Pipidae

HemiphracEdae

Stephania  toadlets Duellman, Jungfer, Iskandar, Evans, McGuire, 2014 Flectonotus pygmaeus & Blackburn, 2011  tadpoles Shedding unferQlized eggs hOp://journals.plos.org/plosone/arQcle?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0115884 -‐ see movie

Topics to review & understand Selected References 1. Describe & compare the behaviors of Type I & Type II Midshipman fish males, as well as their 1. Bose APH, CogliaQ KM, Howe Balshine HS, S. 2014. Factors influencing cannibalism in the plainfin midshipman fish. Animal Behavior 96: 159-‐166. anatomical differences in the sonic muscle, gonad size, sperm swim speed & overall body 2. Brown JL, Morales V, Summers K. 2010. A key ecological trait drove the evoluQon of biparental care and monogamy in an amphibian. The American mass. Where are eggs deposited & how are they guarded? Naturalist 175(4):436-‐446. 2. What is the frequency range of the vocalizaQons made by Type I male midshipman fish? 3. Callery EM, Fang H, & Elinson RP. 2001. Frogs without polliwogs: evoluQon of anuran direct development. BioEssays 23:233-‐241. 4. CogliaQ KM, Danukarjanto C, Pereira AC, et al. 2015. Diet and cannibalism in plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus. J Fish Biol. 86:1396–1415. How does the auditory acuity of female midshipman change seasonally? What are the 5. Delia JRJ, Ramírez-‐BauQsta A, & Summers K. 2014. Glassfrog embryos hatch early aqer parental deserQon. Proc R Soc B 281: 20133237. benefits of females altering hearing just for breeding? 6. Doody JS, Burghardt M, & Dinets V. 2013. Breaking the social–non-‐social dichotomy: a role for repQles in vertebrate social behavior research? Ethology 3. Compare these variables over the breeding season in the Midshipman: water depth where 119:1–9. 7. Duellman WE, Jungfer K-‐H, & Blackburn DC. 2011. The phylogeneQc relaQonship of geographically separated “Flectonotus” (Anura: HemiphracQdae), as they can be found, GSI (Gonado-‐somaQc Index) in males & females, 11-‐KT in Type I males, revealed by molecular, behavioral, and morphological data. Phyllomedusa 10(1):15–29. testosterone in Type I males & females & estrogens in both Type I & females. Predict the 8. Elinson RP. 2013. Chapter 9: Metamorphosis in a frog that does not have a tadpole. Curr Top Dev Biol. 103:259-‐276. value of 11-‐KT in the Type II males. What effect did injecQon of 11-‐KT have on Type II males? 9. Fernandes TL, Antoniazzi MM, Sasso-‐Cerri E, et al. 2011. Carrying progeny on the back: reproducQon in the Brazilian aquaQc frog Pipa carvalhoi. South American J Herpetology 6(3):161-‐176. 4. Describe the effect of body mass on nest area of Type I guarding males. Predict why the 10. Forbes JG, Morris HD, Wang K. 2006. MulQmodal imaging of the sonic organ Porichthys notatus , the singing midshipman fish. MagneQc Resonance trend changes in late breeding season. Are Type I males nutriQonally depleted over the Imaging 24:321–331. breeding cycle? If yes, why? If no, why not? 11. Forlano PM, Sisneros JA, Rohmann KN, & Bass AH. 2015. Neuroendocrine control of seasonal plasQcity in the auditory and vocal systems of fish. Front Neuroendocrinol. 37: 129–145. 5. Compare the proporQon of cannibalized eggs over the breeding season in Midshipman fish. 12. Greven H, & Rickter S. 2009. Morphology of skin incubaQon in Pipa carvalhoi (Anura: Pipidae). J Morph. 270:1311-‐1319. Predict the general trend between cannibalized eggs & relatedness. Do only guarding males 13. Iskandar DT, Evans BJ, McGuire JA. 2014. A novel reproducQve mode in frogs: a new species of fanged frog with internal ferQlizaQon and birth of engage in this acQvity? tadpoles. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119988. 14. Kühnel S, Reinhard S, & Kupfer A. 2010. EvoluQonary reproducQve morphology of amphibians: an overview. Bonn Zoological BulleQn 57(2):119–126. 6. Describe the paternal care of eggs in the glass frogs, Family Centrolenidae. Why is part of 15. Lee JSF & Bass AH. 2005. DifferenQal effects of 11-‐ketotestosterone on dimorphic traits in a teleost with alternaQve male reproducQve morphs. Hormones their care Qme considered to be obligate & then later it is facultaQve? What care do the & Behavior 47(5): 523–531 16. McIver EL, Marchaterre MA,. Rice AN, & Bass AH. 2014. Novel underwater soundscape: acousQc repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish. J Exp Biol. males provide? Why would males abandon their eggs? 217:2377-‐2389. 7. Describe the biparental care & monogamy in Ranitomeya imitator (Poison dart frog). How 17. Means DB, Duellman WE, Clark VC. 2008. OviposiQng behavior in the egg-‐brooding frog Stephania ayanguannae (Anura, HemiphracQdae). Phyllomedusa does water volume for tadpoles affect predaQon risk & need for parental care? 7(2):143-‐148. 18. Sever DM, & Staub NL. 2011. Hormones, sex accessory structures, and secondary sexual characterisQcs in amphibians. Hormones and ReproducQon of 8. What are the costs & benefits associated with carrying eggs on the back in females in the Vertebrates, Volume 2, Amphibians. Elsevier Press. family HemiphracQdae? Is the aOachment of eggs onto the backs of the frogs in Pipidae 19. Sisneros JA. 2009a. AdapQve hearing in the vocal plainfin midshipman fish: gevng in tune for the breeding season and implicaQons for acousQc communicaQon. IntegraQve Zoology 4: 33-‐42. family independently derived or not? What is your evidence? What design features can 20. Sisneros JA. 2009b. Steroid-‐dependent auditory plasQcity for the enhancement of acousQc communicaQon: recent insights from a vocal teleost fish. Hear promote the growth & protecQon of eggs in these species? Res. 252(1-‐2): 9–14. 21. Sisneros JA, Alderks PW, Leon K, & Sniffen B. 2009. Morphometric changes associated with the reproducQve cycle and behaviour of the interQdal-‐nesQng, 9. Describe the viviparous frog discovered in Sulawesi! male plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus. Journal of Fish Biology 74:18–36.