Terry Hewitt ([email protected]) • Colour is an enormous subject rich in • Mathematics Make you aware of • Physics Chemistry  Issues with colour • • Biology  (images, cameras, scanners & printers) • Image Processing • Psychology • ...  Key terms and their definitions  ICC profiles

 Colour management tools  How to set it all up

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 2 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 3 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 4 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 5  Obvious Problem  Colours don’t match  Which is wrong?  Laptop  Projector  Print

 Emissive vs Reflective

 Not So Obvious  Each device supports a differing range of colours (gamut)

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 6 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 7  165, 5, 6  177, 44, 55

 255, 0, 0  127, 0 , 0

 194, 84, 97  200, 0, 0

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 8 Colour Event has 3 components:

 Light Source

 Object

 Observer

 How do we standardise this?

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 9  Daylight Fluorescent Flash Gun

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 10  CIE 1931 XYZ diagram  3D display of all possible tristimulus values  Cone of real (visible) colours  Axes outside this cone

 Expresses colour measurement  Basis for all other CIE models  Used to convert between models

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 11  map points to X+Y+Z=1 plane  removes effect of brightness

 Use xy instead of XYZ

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 12  Now we start to see the problem!

 ProPhotoRGB  AdobeRGB  sRGB  Epson Paper  Newsprint

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 13  1931 CIE XYZ  CIE 1976 UCS  uniform chromaticity scale  transformation of 1931 diagram  CIE 1976 L*u*v*  perceptually uniform space  distances relate to perceived differences in colour  used in film, TV and computer graphics  CIE 1976 L*C*Huv

 CIE 1976 L*a*b*  Pantone  Munsell

 sRGB  Adobe RGB I lost the will to live at this point  ProPhotoRGB

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 14 Red=(255,0,0) Green=(0,255,0) Blue=(0,0,255)

Green=(0,255,0) Green=(0,255,0)

Red=(255,0,0)

Red=(255,0,0) Blue=(0,0,255)

Blue=(0,0,255)

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 15  Take a “line” on the diagram  And split into 255 values

 One line is “sRGB”  0-255 = 0.2 – 0.6  Another line is “AdobeRGB”  0-255 = 0.2 – 0.8  ...

 And I know how to convert sRGB to CIE XYZ etc

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 16  Printers (Cameras,

Monitors)  Result  Devices only convert to/from XYZ (or LAB)  Need to convert to/from one or more of these to  Software exists on Computer to amount of ink for each do other conversions colour  These are called profiles (.ICC files)

 They also contain the gamut

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 17 sRGB Adobe RGB ProPhotoRGB

 Lowest common  Better for RGB data  Very large colour space denominator  scanning or photography  Need to use 16 bit files  Consumer equipment  Widely used by  WWW  Photographers  Growing in popularity  Image libraries  Lots of printers  Can be a very good choice  Default for Lightroom  Not too large, but larger  Small colour space than most monitors  High quality monitors  Use carefully now have similar gamuts

 Built-in to many DLSRs

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 18 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 19  Almost all hardware & software you use will use colour management already  All of the software is in place

 The Problem is  Device Profiles  Wrong ones  Inaccurate

 You must calibrate your devices

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 20  Rendering Intent

 Rendering Intent (HTML)

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 21 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 22 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 24 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 25  I.e., let someone else do it  E.g., Camera uses sRGB, DS Colour Labs use sRGB

 Pros  Its easy  It costs nothing  Its quick  It allows you to focus on the art of photography

 Cons  Colours vary from device to device

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 26 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 27  A calibrated monitor is your stake in the ground  Don’t buy a cheap monitor  Calibration adjusts the monitor to  a specific colour temperature  gamma  black & white luminance  Calibration produces a display profile (.icc)

 Software + operating system ensure same display profile every time you use your computer

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 28  Twiddle knobs with a known image Less effective

 Calibrize or QuickGamma

More  With an instrument effective  Known image  Accurate measurement

29 April, 2019 Colour Management 29  QuickGamma

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 30  Calibrize

 (doesn't work on my laptop!)

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 31  Instruments to choose from  Spyder5 (express, PRO or Elite)  i1Basic Pro, i1Dispaly Pro, i1Photo Pro 2  ColorMunki Photo (I’ve got one of these)  Pantone Huey

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 32  Keep ambient light low  Avoid glare on screen  Let monitor warm up for 30 minutes  Clean the screen  Remove Adobe Gamma if you’ve used it  Adjust monitor with OSD  Test when completed

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 33  Profile saved into correct location.

 Profile set as default for that monitor.

Calibrate Monitor with ColorMunki

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 34  After 1st monitor calibration all previous images may look different  Hopefully you did non-destructive editing!

 Suppose your monitor had a Green colour cast  You reduced green in images to look OK on screen

 You calibrate your monitor (remove green colour cast)  Those images now lack green!

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 35 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 36  X-Rite ColorPassport (I’ve got one of these too!)  Plus software

 Software aimed at Lightroom  And Adobe RAW

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 37  Show Lightroom

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 38 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 39  Good Inkjet prints need  Good pigment inks  Quality media

 Correct resolution images

 Sharpened images

 Accurate profiles

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 40  Ambient lighting should be low and consistent  If viewing prints use colour accurate lighting  Adjust monitor calibration targets if needed

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 41  Accurate paper/ink/printer profiles = richer prints  that closely match what you see on your monitor

 Ink will lay on paper as intended with artful grain patterns

 Without profiles  you need to rely on trial and error, guessing, and luck

 Paper profiles are easy to obtain and use  Some may be swapped for others, but it requires trial & error

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 42 Calibration  Set printer to known settings  Colour management OFF  Print a known image  Measure it  Calculate & Create ICC profile

Use Caveat  Set printer to known settings For Lightroom & Photoshop

 Colour management ON Set printer to known settings  Select new profile ( Colour management OFF)

In LR/PS select new profile

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 43  Installed with drivers  Download from paper and/or device manufacturers  Newer printers may not yet have paper profiles  Some OEM profiles can be successfully substituted for branded ones  Ilford for Costco or Staples

 Profiling Services  Create your own

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 44  X-rite i1Photo Pro 2  Very accurate  Expensive

 X-rite ColorMunki Photo (I’ve got one of these!)  Cheaper  Not as accurate  Show this one!

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 45  Scanner (Lprof/ArgyllCMS, Monaco EZColor)  May have different gamut  Don’t forget to calibrate scanner first!

 Profiling Service  E.g.,  Can be very accurate.  Check what support given.  Cheapest option if not many papers.

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 46  Select closest media type  Turn off application & driver colour management  Save settings  Check settings

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 47  Printing Preferences

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 48 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 49 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 50 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 51  .

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 52 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 54  Choice of charts - number of patches  More not always better  Some services/software offer more colour patches  Leave chart to dry a minimum of 30 minutes  Profile needed for each media  Valid only for driver settings that test chart was printed with  .

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 56  Gamut of Ink/Media

 Brightness relative to screen

 Lighting used

 Blocked nozzles

 Suitability & correct side of media

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 57  Use good special test image not your own work

 Check for banding & casts - under daylight!

 Check flesh tones & neutrals

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 58  Get them to output test images  They will usually send you a test image for free

 Ask for their colour management preferences

 Don’t accept poor prints

 Supply flattened sharpened images at output size

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 59 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 60 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 61  Photoshop can be completely colour managed  You MUST choose which colour space to work in  Starts when image is imported  Be consistent  Know the delivery targets for your images  Paper  Website  Magazine  Poster

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 62  Edit Colour Settings

 Open X—101-Cropped.jpg

 Open X—101-Full Size.jpg

 Open No Profile.jpg

 Show Printing

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 63 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 64 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 65  default colour space is ProPhoto RGB  the largest one available.

 You can configure Lightroom to export images to sRGB or Adobe RGB colour spaces.

 Images going from Lightroom to Photoshop for more editing can be exported in any of the three colour spaces.

29 April, 2019 Colour Management 66  Printing  Let Lightroom do it all  Don’t forget to disable colour management in printer!

29 April, 2019 Colour Management 67 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 68  Use quality materials  Camera, Monitor, printer, paper, inks, Lighting ...

 Use a good Viewing Environment  Calibrate your  Camera  Scanner  Monitor  Printer - paper combinations

 Document your workflow regularly  Use the right colour spaces for the right job  Observe the art in your work

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 69  Get to

 Just Good Enough

 Focus on Photography

Colour Management 29 April, 2019 70 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 71 Colour Management 29 April, 2019 72