Milestones & Waymarkers
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MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS The Journal of the Milestone Society incorporating On the Ground Volume Eight 2015 ISSN. 1479-5167 FREE TO MEMBERS OF THE MILESTONE SOCIETY MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS incorporating On the Ground Volume Eight 2015 MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS The Journal of the Milestone Society incorporating On the Ground Volume Eight 2015 The Milestone Society—Registered Charity No 1105688. ISSN. 1479-5167 PRODUCTION TEAM Production and On the John V Nicholls, 220 Woodland Avenue, Hutton, BRENTWOOD, Essex, CM13 1DA Ground Email: [email protected] David Viner, 8 Tower Street, CIRENCESTER, Gloucestershire, GL7 1EF Editor Milestones & Waymarkers Email: [email protected] Supported by the Editorial Panel of Carol Haines, Mike Hallett and Keith Lawrence MAIN CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Pre-turnpike milestones : evidence from Norfolk The Editorial Panel responsible for the Society’s 3 publications seeks to strike a balance in their contents The first Act relating to guide posts,1697 5 between the variety of interests amongst the member- The three milestones of Scarcroft, West Yorkshire 6 ship, the rich range of which is reflected in the on-line On the Ground Repository pages, and the core purposes of information 9 -sharing and, in the case of Milestones & Waymarkers, Scotland 20 as a publication of permanent record. Wales 23 We hope this latest issue continues to achieve that From the Cornish Archives balance. As wide a range of interests as possible have 24 been included, recognising the important role of the A story of lost and found in Redbourn, Hertfordshire 26 On the Ground pages, in association with the Society’s Two and two thirds restorations in Oxfordshire, 2015 28 Newsletter, in reflecting the incremental development Feedback, Updates and Queries of many conservation and community projects over 31 time, with progress reports building towards the whole Pointing the Ways - The Fingerpost Column 35 picture. Marking the Bounds - Boundary Markers Column 41 Research projects, large or small in written length, A Nottinghamshire boundary stone 44 often spring from such reports and several are included in this issue. More are always welcome, as are projects Crossing the Pennines 46 which have yet to appear in these pages. Original 2015 Terry Keegan Award 48 research is always to be encouraged. Roads to Auchenstroan Toll, Dumfries & Galloway 49 The geographical range is kept as wide as possible The Milestone Society on Facebook throughout the British Isles, as firmly established in 51 our Society’s terms of reference, with contributions Building a Bibliography: List 7, 2015 52 this time from several English counties plus always- Back copies of Milestone Society publications 54 welcome reports from Scotland and Wales. The Society continues to refine its approach to From the Archives : Peter Pan in Kensington 54 Gardens archive development, both in policy and in practical Notes for authors 55 application, seeking to safeguard those which already exist and in developing rounded and focussed archives from currently scattered material. Our publication opportunities should help greatly in that regard. The small snippets From the Archives are now a regular Cover Picture: A selection of images from the Terry feature here, which we hope will grow. Again, contri- Keegan archive now being assembled by the Society butions however modest are always welcome. (see p.48). Upper image shows the unveiling of the The Editors and Editorial Panel always welcome restored Bradley stone at Feckenham, Worcs, following feedback from those who consult the Society’s publi- restoration in 2007 (WO_DWAC08). Below left to right: cations, whether in print or on-line. a Wiltshire stone (WI_MLSA06), a South Wales marker (GLA_174BECB03) and a fine survival at Welland, www.milestonesociety.co.uk Worcs (WO_USLB02). www.msocrepository.co.ukN DV and JVN MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS is produced by the Milestone Society for its members and for all supporters of its Aims & Objectives . Opinions and statements expressed in this publication are those of the editors and contributing individuals and are not necessarily those of the Milestone Society, its execu- tive committee or general membership. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without the prior per- mission of the author and copyright holder. Any information subsequently used must credit both the author and MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS. MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS incorporating On the Ground 2 Volume Eight 2015 Pre-turnpike milestones : evidence from Norfolk Carol Haines From the 1740s most turnpike trusts had a clause in their wich Stone Mason be imployed [sic] in making the said Act requiring them to measure their roads and put up Stones.’ It would seem unlikely that there would be a stones giving distances. From 1767 this became com- need to replace an entire set of milestones after only ten pulsory. However it seems that some roads had mile- years, but more reasonable if they had done service for stones placed along them some years before turnpikes 25 years. The milestones were again replaced in 1823 were created, although in most cases there is no evidence and 1868. to show who put them up or at what date. Norwich to Cromer Turnpike (1794-1876) Research in Norfolk shows several instances of pre- Under the first Act the turnpike went as far as Aylsham turnpike milestones which were later taken over by turn- and was extended to Cromer in 1811. The first meeting pike trusts. Minute books from the first meeting of trus- of trustees took place on 7 April 1794 and the first men- tees only survive from four of Norfolk’s turnpikes, but tion of milestones occurred at the meeting on 20 May of three of them give a strong indication that milestones that year concerning ‘several persons’ who ‘to avoid already existed along the roads, and this has been backed paying Tolls have turned off the Turnpike Road by the up by other evidence. Armstrong’s History and Antiqui- stocks at Horsford and at the Foldgate near the two Mile ties of the County of Norfolk (1781) states that ‘Although Stone leading to Hellesdon Bridge and have returned on this county claims the credit of having made the first the said Turnpike Road again at Mile Cross.’3 Again turnpike road in the kingdom [actually the third in 1695, there would presumably not have been time or funds to from Wymondham to Attleborough], yet most other have milestones made so early in the turnpike’s opera- counties have since done more in that way ... Besides the tion. turnpike roads, there are some great leading roads which have milestones, and in other respects no less commodi- However there is a mention of a milestone along this ous for travelling.’ This was written before many Nor- road in July 1764, thirty years before the turnpike folk turnpikes were opened. opened, when the naturalist Robert Marsham noted in his diary that he saw a wheatear ‘upon Haynford Heath all Norwich, Swaffham & Mattishall Turnpike (1770- white or cream coloured, I saw it several times by the 6 1872) mile stone.’4 The first meeting took place on 17 April 1770 when the minute book records that the ‘Committee to give direc- At the meeting on 3 August 1795 it was ordered ‘That tions for the Erecting the Gate at or near the two mile such of the Mile Stones as are now standing on the said 1 Turnpike Roads be repaired painted and figured and new stone near Norwich’. Would the trustees have had the ones put up where wanting under the Direction of the opportunity to install milestones before the turnpike was opened? Further evidence of milestones already existing Surveyor.’ However, the following January ‘It having along the road between Norwich and the half-way town been represented by the Surveyor that the Mile Stones standing on the said Road will not admit of Reparation, of East Dereham comes from a document in the Norfolk Ordered that new ones be put up by Mr John Ivory Record Office about a subscription being raised in 1755 to pay for milestones 2: agreeable to the proposal delivered in, under the Direc- tion of the Surveyor.’ This implies that the stones had ‘We whose Names are hereunto subscribed do and been in place for some years and were in poor condition. every of us doth hereby promise to pay unto Mr Robert New cast iron mileposts were ordered for the road in Page of Norwich Stone Cutter or to Mr John Bird Mr 1822. Wm Donne or Mr James Smyth of East Dereham for the Norwich to North Walsham Turnpike (1797-1876) said Mr Page before the first of December next the sev- eral Sums of Money set or subscribed against each of The first meeting of the trustees on 21 February 1797 our Names for erecting Mile-Stones from Norwich produced a reference to a milestone: ‘Ordered that the through Easton Honningham Hockering, and North Tud- Turnpike Gate mentioned in the said Act be placed near denham to East Dereham aforesaid. Dated the fifth Day the 3 Mile Stone upon the said Road on the Norwich side of August 1755.’ of the two cross Roads, near the said 3-Mile Stone’ 5, again strongly suggesting that milestones already existed Seventeen subscribers are listed. Most gave 10s 6d, along the road. In this case there is visual proof of their one gave £2 2s, and a total of £9 7s was raised. existence from a map of the estate of Davy Durrant of The next mention of milestones in the turnpike trust’s Scottow.6 Beside what was then the main highway be- minute book was on 8 September 1773 when the survey- tween Norwich and North Walsham in the parish of or was ordered to measure the road from St Benedict’s Scottow there is a drawing of a milestone with a large Gate in Norwich and ‘place the present Mile Stones at Roman IX on it (Fig.