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Strobl Elisabeth Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng DIPLOMARBEIT Symbole und ihre Wirkung: Vastu, die Raumlehre Indiens und das Bauen in Einklang mit der Natur. ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Diplom-Ingenieurs / Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Erich Lehner Institut 251-1 Außereuropäische Architektur Vernakuläre Architektur eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Elisabeth Strobl 9126033 Wien, am 30. September 2015 Symbole und ihre Wirkung: Vastu, die Raumlehre Indiens und das Bauen in Einklang mit der Natur. Vastu, die altindische Raumlehre der Veden, ist eine ganzheitliche Architekturlehre des Bauens und Wohnens in Einklang mit der Natur. Nach indischer Vorstellung beeinflusst der Raum als ein weiterer Körper bzw. erweiterte Körperhülle die Lebensbedingungen seiner Bewohner entscheidend. Diese Arbeit hat sich das Ziel gesetzt, diese indische und uns "Westlern" so fremde Wissenschaft in Hinblick auf den ihr zugrunde liegenden Prinzipien und den darin enthaltenen Symbolen zu untersuchen. Zu Beginn werden die vedische Entstehungsgeschichte, religiöse und philosophische Entwicklungen und deren Einflüsse aufgearbeitet. Anschließend werden die konzeptionellen Grundlagen von Vastu aufgezeigt: nach vedischer Auffassung besteht alles auf der Welt aus den fünf Elementen Erde, Wasser, Feuer, Luft und Äther, die über die Himmelsrichtungen ihre Wirkung entfalten. Weitere Faktoren sind die auf der Erdkugel herrschenden natürlichen Gegebenheiten wie Gravitation und elektromagnetische Felder, die kosmischen Einflüsse von Sonne und Planeten, die unterschiedlichen Qualitäten der Himmelsrichtungen und die damit verbundenen zeitlich-natürlichen Abläufe, die in einen symbolischen und raumfunktionellen Kontext gestellt werden. Theoretische und praktische Anwendungen im Großen wie im Kleinen reichend von Städtebau über Wohnbau bis hin zu Raumfolgen werden angeführt. Anschließend werden Symbole wie geometrische Formen und Parallelitäten zum menschlichen Körper, u.a. mit dem Vastu Purusha Mandala als Sinnbild für die kosmische Grundmatrix schlechthin, erörtert und Überlegungen zu "Energie & Materie", "Zeit & Raum" und "Klang, Rhythmus & Form" angestellt, die im engen Zusammenhang mit Numerologie stehen. Am Beispiel des Sonnentempels von Modhera wird der vielfältige Symbolgehalt der indischen Baukunst gezeigt. In weiterer Folge werden nach Vastu als aktuelle westliche Beispiele das Land Österreich untersucht und eine Neubauwohnung in Wien mit Standort- und Wohnraumanalyse auf ihre gegenwärtige energetische Situation bewertet, mögliche Auswirkungen aufgezeigt und Korrekturmaßnahmen erarbeitet. Symbols and their effect: Vastu, the theory of space in India, and building in harmony with nature. Vastu, the ancient Indian theory of space of the Vedas, is a holistic architectural science of building and living in harmony with nature. According to the Indian idea spatial form is a further or rather extended body that influences its residents significantly. The intention of the present thesis is to investigate this Indian and for us "westerners" so foreign science in terms of its underlying principles and the symbols contained therein. In the first part the Vedic history and religious and philosophical developments and their influence is processed. Then the conceptual fundamentals of Vastu are shown: according to Vedic opinion everybody and everything in the world consists of the five elements earth, water, fire, air and ether, which take effect on the cardinal points. Other factors including the on the globe ruling natural conditions such as gravitational and electromagnetic fields, the cosmic influences of the sun and the planets, the different qualities of the compass and the associated time-natural processes, are placed in a symbolic and space functional context. Theoretical and practical applications in a large and small scale ranging from urban planning, housing or spatial sequences are given. Then symbols such as geometrical shapes and parallels to the human body like the Vastu Purusha Mandala as the symbol of the cosmic base matrix per se, are generally discussed and considerations on "Energy & Matter", "Time & Space" and "Sound, Rhythm & Form" are made, which are closely related to numerology. Using the example of the Sun Temple of Modhera the diverse symbolism of Indian architecture is shown. Furthermore selected western examples such as the country Austria are investigated on Vastu concerns, and a modern flat is evaluated with location and housing analysis due to its current energy situation, potential impacts are identified and corrective actions are developed. Symbole und ihre Wirkung: Vastu, die Raumlehre Indiens und das Bauen in Einklang mit der Natur. "Es ist ganz einfach: Man sieht nur mit dem Herzen gut. Das Wesentliche ist für die Augen unsichtbar." Antoine de Saint-Exupéry1 1 SAINT-EXUPÉRY (2015) S 68 Symbole und ihre Wirkung: Vastu, die Raumlehre Indiens und das Bauen in Einklang mit der Natur. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS EINLEITUNG ........................................................................................................ 5 INDIEN ................................................................................................................ 7 Einleitendes .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Geografische Gegebenheiten ......................................................................................................................... 9 Frühgeschichtliche Entwicklung ...................................................................................................................... 9 Erste Zivilisationen ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Die Induskultur und ihr Untergang ............................................................................................................... 10 Die Blüte der Indus- oder Harappa-Kultur ................................................................................................ 10 Das vedische Zeitalter (ca. 1500 - 500 v. Chr.) .............................................................................................. 12 Die Einwanderung der Arier...................................................................................................................... 12 Die Veden.................................................................................................................................................. 12 Das Aufkommen von Städten ................................................................................................................... 13 Eine neue gesellschaftliche Ordnung ........................................................................................................ 14 Das Ende der vedischen Periode ............................................................................................................... 15 Einfluss der Perser, des Hellenismus und das Reich der Maurya ................................................................. 15 Das goldene Zeitalter des Altertums (ca. 320 - 650 n. Chr.) ......................................................................... 16 Zeittafel ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Religiöse Entwicklungen ............................................................................................................................... 18 Die Religion der Induskultur...................................................................................................................... 18 Die vedische Religion ................................................................................................................................ 18 Hauptthemen des Hinduismus und der Kreislauf der Wiedergeburt ........................................................ 20 Bilder und Tempel der Hindus ................................................................................................................... 21 Hinduistische Kosmologie ......................................................................................................................... 21 Der Buddhismus ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Der Jainismus ............................................................................................................................................ 22 WAS IST VASTU? ............................................................................................... 23 Der Raum als erweiterter Körper .............................................................................................................. 23 Die Lehre ................................................................................................................................................... 24 DIE WICHTIGSTEN PRINZIPIEN IN VASTU .........................................................
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