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Abadan Refinery and Riots 47–8, 61–2 Abu Dhabi 59 Index Abadan refinery Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP) 37 and riots 47–8, 61–2 Arab League 47, 61 Abu Dhabi 59 Arab oil 46, 57, 59, 60 Abu-Dayyeh, A. 41–2 Arab Spring 9, 14, 17, 26–8, 42, 65, 88, Adriatic area 4, 16–17 116 Aegean Sea 37 Arab–Israeli conflict 57 Afghanistan 62 Arab–Israeli war 47, 58, 60 Africa 49, 53, 75–6, 86 Arabian Peninsula 26 African continent 32, 35 Arabs 46–7 African countries 53, 76 Arezki, R. 27 AGIP (Italian General Oil Company) Ashkelon 39 52–3 Asia 2, 18, 27, 34, 36, 109 Agovino, M. 70–72, 74 Asian countries 34 AGP (Arab Gas Pipeline) 37, 41 Asian oil 37 Ain Al-Asad (air base in Iraq) 9 Assad (regime) 9, 65 AIOC (Anglo–Iranian Oil Company) Aswan (Dam) 50, 94 47–8, 53 Atallah, S. 40 al-Assad, B. 65 Athens 33 al-Sarraj, F. 1, 10, 33, 110 Atshan (Libya) 56 Alabi, L.O. 25 Australia 35, 109 Alaska’s North Slope 60 Austria 51 Albania 4, 16, 29, 119–30 Azerbaijan 1, 35, 37–8, 106, 108, 110 Alfieri, M. 54 Algeria 55, 57, 59, 61, 65, 75, 77–8, Baghdad 9, 54, 111 80–89, 94–6, 99–100, 104–7, 110, Bahgat, G.101 114–15, 119–30 Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) 37 Algerian Desert 38 Baku–Tbilisi–Erzurum (BTE) 37 Allen, R. 68 Balkans 7, 91–2 American Oil Company Aramco 47 Balta, P. 31 American oil multinationals 51 Barcelona Conference 3, 31, 87–8 Anatolian peninsula 33 Barcelona Declaration 87 Anatolian–Balkan area 4, 24 Barcelona process 87–8 Anderson, I. 44 Bartoletto, S. 4, 9, 13, 28, 30–31, 48, Anglo–Dutch Shell 34 67–9, 72, 77, 84, 107, 118 Anglo–Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) 2, Baumeister, C. 27 47 Beddawi power plant 41 Angola 55 Begin, M. (Israeli Prime Minister) 60 Ansani, A. 8–9 Belgium 45, 85 Aphrodite (gas field) 40, 110 Bellodi, L. 105 Arab cause 31, 57 Bellù, L. G. 15 Arab countries 31, 46, 53, 55, 57, 59, 63, Ben Bella, A. 53 64, 105 138 Silvana Bartoletto - 9781788977555 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/28/2021 12:16:55PM via free access Index 139 Benelux 45 CO2 emissions 1–3, 5–7, 11–2, 24, 27, Beni Saf (Algeria) 35 71, 73–4, 84, 87, 90–91, 97–104, Benoit, G. 105 109, 113–117, 128–129 Berlin Wall 63 coal consumption 19, 21, 58, 72, 103 biofuels 75–7, 82–3, 92 coal production 19, 45, 87, 126 biomass 67, 92, 95 Cold War 2, 22, 44–6, 51, 63, 106, 113 Black Sea 37–8 Colitti, M. 52 Blanchard, O. J. 27 Colombia 109 Bloomberg 85, 89 Comeau, A. 86 Bloomfield, J. 88 Communist bloc 63 Blue Plan 6 Communist Party 51 Blue Stream Pipeline 37 Copsey, N.132 Bongiorni, R. 34 Cordoba 35 Borissov, B. (Bulgarian Prime Minister) Croatia 4, 17, 22, 29, 119–30 38 Cuñado 26 Bosnia 4, 17, 119–31 Cypriot territorial waters 33 Bosporus strait 38 Cyprus 33, 40, 97, 102–3, 107, 110–111, Bosporus waterway 37 119–30 Botes 37 Cyrenaica 57 Bourguiba, H. 53 Czechoslovakia 45, 49 Bouteflika, A. 35, 104–5 Bowen, A. 84 Daniele, V. 8–9 BP (British Petroleum) 53 Dardanelles waterway 37 Brent crude 25 De la Torre, J. 22–3 Bretton Woods System 16, 60 Denmark 45 Britain 40, 47–51, 57, 59 Desert Shield (military operation) 64 British Navy’s 47 DESERTEC 88 BTC pipeline 38 Bush, G. (US President) 64–5 Earth Summit 98 East Asia 27 Cairo 6, 89, 110 Eastern Mediterranean 33, 36, 40, 89, Camp David (Maryland) 60 110 Campbell, R.W. 52 Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum 33 Canada 35, 55, 90 Economic Cooperation Administration Caorso (nuclear plant) 22 (ECA) 45–6 Capasso, S. 4 Economou, A. 25–6 Cape of Good Hope 51 Ecuador 55–6 Carter, J. 61 Egypt 77–9, 89, 92–6, 100, 104, 107, Caspian basin 37 110–115, 119–30 Caspian Sea 38, 110 Egyptian area 4 Caviaga 52 Egyptian Government 49–50, 110 Cepsa 35 El-Katiri, L. 41 Chancel, L. 98 Electricity 6, 11, 18–19, 21–2, 39, 41, charcoal 67–8, 76, 92 44, 61, 68–70, 85, 89, 92–6, 100, Chauhan, V.18 102–3, 107, 115 China 11, 18–19, 25–7, 34, 73–4, 85, Ellinas, C. 40, 43 104, 108 ENEA 92 Churchill, W. 44 Energy Community Treaty 88 Clô, A. 63–4, 85, 104 Silvana Bartoletto - 9781788977555 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/28/2021 12:16:55PM via free access 140 Energy transitions in Mediterranean countries energy dependency 2, 39, 42, 82, 87, Ferragina, E. 132, 134 101–2, 104, 106–10, 117 Fezzan (Libya) 56–7 energy intensity 1, 3, 11, 68, 70–83, 109 Filippini, M. 133 energy productivity 68–70, 73, 75 Finland 60, 85 Engemann, K. 26 Firewood 67–8, 70, 76, 92 ENI (Italian National Hydrocarbon First, R. 55–6 Authority) 34, 36–7, 52–4, 89, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 110 (FYROM) 17 ENI–AGIP 53 fossil fuels 6, 16, 19, 21–3, 41, 67–8, 70, ENI–NIOC agreement 54 74, 76–7, 84 Erbil 9 Fouquet, R. 67, 84, 86, 116–18 Erdoğan, R.T. (Turkish President) 9–10, France 4, 6, 8, 12–14, 18–19, 22, 29–31, 33, 37–8, 110 33–4, 40, 45, 50, 51, 53, 59–60, Esso 53 65, 68, 80, 92, 96–7, 102, 104–5, Esso Standard 56 107, 114–15, 119–30 EU Energy and Climate Change Package fuelwood 67–8, 76–7 90 Fukushima (Japan) 19, 23 EU ETS 90–91 Euphrates river 94 Gabon 55, 66 EURATOM 51 Gaddafi 7, 14, 24, 32–3, 56, 60, 82, Euro–Mediterranean Conference 31, 87, 104–5 116 Garigliano (nuclear plant) 22 Euro–Mediterranean cooperation 1, 3, Garofalo, A. 131 86, 88, 116 Gasyle pipeline 41 Euro–Mediterranean integration process Gaza 51 3 Gazprom 37–8 Europe 2, 16, 18, 23, 29–40, 44–51, 55, GECOL 96 57–8, 60–62, 64, 67–70, 85–9, Gela 34 104–6, 109–10, 115–8, 122, 129 geothermal 94 European Coal and Steel Community Germany 19, 33–4, 51, 57, 59, 85 (ECSC) 45 Ghawar 46 European Coal Organisation (ECO) 45 Gilpin 44 European Commission 133 Gini index 3, 15–17, 103–4, 113, 115 European countries 1–2, 4, 5, 9, 17, 23, Greece 4, 6–7, 9, 13, 24, 29–31, 33, 29, 33–5, 38, 44–5, 51, 58–60, 62, 37–8, 45, 96–7, 102–3, 111 65, 68, 70–71, 85, 91, 97, 99, 102, Green Growth paradigm 117 104, 107–8, 113, 117 Greenstream pipeline 34, 111 European crisis 8 Gulf countries 30 European Parliament 133 Gulf of Suez 36–7 European Recovery Programme 2, 44 Gulf War 63, 65 European Union (EU) 3–4, 29, 87, 113, 120, 122 Haftar, K. 1, 10, 32–3, 38, 110 Evans, J. 75 Haifa 46 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 33, 39 Hall, R.112 Exxon Mobil 34 Hamilton, J. 26, 48, 62 Hassi R’Mel 35 Farouk I (King) 49 Hepburn, C. 84 Fascist period 49 Herzegovina 4, 17, 119–31 Fattouh, B. 25–6, 40–41 Hippe, R. 117 Ferragina, A. 7 Silvana Bartoletto - 9781788977555 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/28/2021 12:16:55PM via free access Index 141 Hoover, H. 48, 66 Kennedy administration 51 Hunt, L. 133 Keramane, A. 30 Hussein, S. 62–5 Khomeini, R. (Ayatollah) 31, 61–2 Hydroelectric power plants 84 Kilian, L. 26–7 Kim, D. 26 Iceland 60 Kirkuk (Iraq) 40 Idris of Libya (King) 57 Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline 37 IMF 8, 32, 35 Kliesen, K. L 133 Indonesia 34, 66 Krauss, C. 25 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Krsko nuclear power plant 22 Change (IPCC) 92, 98 Kuwait 48, 55–7, 59, 63–4 International Authority for the Ruhr Kyoto Protocol 70, 85, 90–91, 99, 114 (IAR) 45 International Energy Agency (IEA) 60 Labbate, S. 31 IPC pipeline 40, 51 Lamsal, L.N. 135 Iran 1, 10, 25, 28, 30–32, 37, 39, 46–9, Larderello (Tuscany) 94 52 Latin area 4, 12–13, 16, 23, 92 Iran–Iraq war 62 Latina (nuclear plant) 22 Iran–Turkey Pipeline 37 Lebanon 2, 4, 24, 29, 31, 40–42, 46–7, Iranian Consortium 48 96, 101, 104, 114–15, 119–30 Iranian oil 48, 52–54, 62 Lebanon Petroleum Company 40 Iraq 8–9, 26–7, 30, 32, 37, 40–42, 49, 51, Leviathan (gas field) 39, 43, 102, 110 55–58, 62–65, 106, 108–9, 111 Liberati, P. 15 Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) 40, 51, Libya 1–2, 4–7, 9–10, 13–14, 24, 26, 57, 58 28–35, 38, 54–61, 65, 75–7, 82–3, Israel 1–2, 4, 10, 13, 16, 21, 24, 29, 88, 92–3, 96, 100, 104–7, 110, 31, 33, 39, 40–41, 46–7, 50–51, 113, 116–7, 119–30 57–60, 63, 89, 93, 96, 101–2, Libyan oil 27, 32, 56, 65, 105–6 110–11, 115, 117, 119–30 Libyan–Egyptian area 4, 31 Istanbul 6, 38 Lomborg, B. 84 Italian General Oil company, see AGIP Luciani, G. 30, 55–7, 60 Italy 48, 51–4, 58, 68, 71–2, 80, 85, Luxembourg 45 91–2, 94, 96–7, 102, 105–7, 111, 115, 118–30 Macedonia 17, 119–30 Maghreb 4–5, 7, 24, 31, 35, 104 Jabal Terbol (Lebanon) 40 Maghreb–Europe Gas (MEG) 35 Jalilvand, D.
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