Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company (NIORDC) Presented by: A.Kazemi (Deputy Petroleum minister & NIORDC President) NIORDC NIORDC, the state owned oil company of IRI is a downstream integrated company. We have operation in entire crude oil transport , storage, refining , product distribution - storage, and service stations. NIORDC 9 Refineries Crude oil : 3861 Km Pipelines Products : 9307 Km Service stations Storage: 3297 CNG Refueling Stations : 2229 We are among the 4 top companies that have the highest numbers of CNG refueling stations. NIORDC NIORDC NIORDC NIORDC Ministry of Petroleum N.I.O.C N.I.O.R.D.C N.P.C N.I.G.C Since 1992 NIORDC National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company National Iranian Oil Refining National Iranian National Iranian Oil Products Industries Oil Pipeline and Oil Engineering Distribution Development Telecommunication and Construction Bandar Abbas Esfahan Arak Abadan Lavan Kermanshah Shiraz Tehran Tabriz Persian Gulf Star (On going project) NIORDC National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC) The primary mission of NIORDC is to ensure that hydrocarbon system capacities and inventories are well- managed to meet customer demands and company profitability. NIORDC National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC) National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company NIORDC (NIOPDC) 92 petroleum products storage depots 3,297 liquid fuel stations 1809 CNG fuel stations 49 aviation fuel stations 12,000 oil tankers, trucks and LPG carriers 80 mm bbl of storage facilities for the main refined products NIORDC National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC) Capabilities Planning and outlining strategies of petroleum product distribution Management and distribution of petroleum products Monitoring the distribution operations Maintenance of facilities Implementation of related projects Implementation and supervision of Smart Card Center for Gasoline and Gasoil Distribution National Iranian Oil Engineering and NIORDC Construction Company (NIOEC) NIOEC, as the one of the subsidiaries of NIORDC, is responsible for the implementation of downstream projects, including the construction of refineries and upgrading projects. Major Experiences of NIOEC A) Refining Construction of Imam Khomeini refinery of Shazand (Arak refinery), Bandar Abbas refinery, oil plant in Esfahan refinery Debottlenecking of Bandar Abbas refinery Modernization and upgrading of Abadan refinery (phase 1) Feasibility study for Shahryar refinery Process optimization and product quality improvement of Tehran refinery National Iranian Oil Engineering and NIORDC Construction Company (NIOEC) B) Pipelines and Utilities Installation of more than 14,500 km of crude oil and refined product pipelines Construction of more than 170 pump stations Countrywide construction of more than 100 storage tanks and fuel storage facilities for petroleum products Iranian Oil Pipelines and NIORDC Telecommunications Company (IOPTC) IOPTC is a major subsidiary company of NIORDC, which securely transfers crude oil from production fields to the refineries with 186 pump stations, pressure reduction and oil transport installations. Also IOPTC is responsible for receiving the petroleum products from refineries and import terminals, transferring the refined or imported products to the storage depots throughout the country, supplying fuel for some power plants and airports, supplying a part of petrochemical plants’ feedstock and generally controlling a network with the transfer capacity of 2.2 mm bbl per day, using 14,000 km of pipelines and 256 telecommunication stations. Pipeline Management This division performs its tasks through 12 operation zones Iranian Oil Pipelines and NIORDC Telecommunications Company (IOPTC) Pipeline management is responsible for controlling a network which transfers crude oil and petroleum products, supplies the refineries, transfers the products of refineries, and transfers the imported products to the assigned storage tanks, through the follow ing facilities: 14,000 km of pipelines, with 6 to 36 inches of diameter 186 pump stations, pressure reduction and oil transport installations 320 cathodic protection stations 1,350,000 HP Power Installed in pump stations and major facilities 375 sets of main pressure enhancement pumps 163 sets of turbine 248 sets of electromotor 24 sets of turbo generator 3 sets of variable speed electromotor 42 storage tanks for crude oil with the capacity of 1.07 billion liters 198 storage tanks for petroleum products with the capacity of 950 million liters 1,150 heavy and semi -heavy vehicles 990 light vehicles 161 substations, 20 and 33 kV w ith 180 M W pow er 17 substations, 63 kV Iranian Oil Pipelines and NIORDC Telecommunications Company (IOPTC) Capabilities Construction and commissioning of oil transportation centers, pipelines and other facilities Operation of oil transportation centers Telecommunications Management This division of IOPTC is responsible to ensure smooth industrial communication of all the parts and aspects of this industry including long-distance, local, audio, visual, digital, cyber communication of pipeline system with a safety factor of 99.99%. Iranian Oil Pipelines and NIORDC Telecommunications Company (IOPTC) It also interconnects the subsidiaries of NIORDC and some of other affiliates of the Ministry of Petroleum, using the following facilities: Radio network including 256 radio stations with 200,000 km E 1 capacit y Telephone network including 190 telephone centers with 54,000 numbers and various capacities 4,000 km of subterranean and internal cable network in various couples Management phone network (K -system) including 160 sets with the capacity of 6,000 ports IP network (MPLS VPN) for secure connection in WAN network VHF mobile phone network along pipelines and in the refineries with 100,000 km2 surface coverag e Integrated management K-system in WAN network Industrial and non-industrial vocal systems for fire alarm, fire fighting, and operation 100 satellite terminals for temporary needs, emergencies and critical situations 1,400 km of 16-line optical fiber for supporting telecommunication and data transferring increasing needs, and other facilities like distance education, telemedicine, video conferencing (SCADA), internet connections WAN and LAN networks in 165 stations Iranian Oil Pipelines and NIORDC Telecommunications Company (IOPTC) Capabilities Designing, installation and commissioning of microwave radio networks and VHF Designing, installation and commissioning of IP PBX switch network in the oil industry Designing, installation and commissioning of vocal systems, specially for industrial application Repairing, maintenance and utilization of optic fiber, radio and telephone networks Examining the FULL IP network country -wide Oil Refining Industries Development Company NIORDC (ORIDC) Oil Refining Industries Development Company (ORIDC) was established to act on behalf of NIORDC and as a partner in investments and joint ventures in refinery projects domestically and overseas. ORIDC is entitled to negotiate and assess the various initiatives introduced for joint investment in refining and other relevant projects of this industry. To this end, ORIDC so far has developed a number of joint venture refinery projects, which is shown below. ORIDC Activity Scope via investment Project Name Domestic Bahman Geno Refinery Projects Khuzestan Refinery Pars Refinery Overseas Alfruqlus Refinery in Syria Projects NIORDC Tabriz 110 Length (km) Existing 3831 Tehran 250 Future Plans 6147 Arak Kermanshah 250 21 Esfahan 375 Existing Crude Pipeline Abadan Shiraz Planned Crude Pipeline 390 58 Existing Condensate PlannedPipeline Condensate Pipeline Bandar – Abbas 320 Lavan 50 NIORDC Length (km) Existing 9307 Future Plans 11171 Existing Product Pipeline Planned Product Pipeline Growth of Refining Capacity Existing Capacity (1777 KBPSD) 2000 Lavan Bandar Abbas Refinery Project 1800 Esfahan Refinery (2011) Tabriz Refinery (1997) 1600 Refinery (1979) 1977 1400 Lavan The War Refinery Bandar Abbas & Arak Refinery 1200 Effects (1981- (1977) 1989) Revamp (2010) 1000 Tehran Refinery 800 (1968) Arak Refinery Refining Capacity ) KBPSD Capacity ( Refining 600 Abadan (1993) Refinery 400 (1912) Shiraz Kermanshah Refinery Refinery (1973) 200 (1922) 0 Year Oil Refining Companies NIORDC Imam Refining Companies Bandar Kermans Abadan Esfahan Khomeini Lavan Tehran Shiraz Tabriz Abbas hah Shazand Start up Date 1912 1997 1979 1993 1971 1976 1969 1973 1978 Capacity (bpd) 390,000 320,000 375,000 250,000 21,000 50,000 250,000 58,000 110,000 API 25.78 30.21 33.00 31.42 37.48 33.96 32.17 28.50 32.24 Feedstock S 1.52 1.90 1.10 1.71 1.47 1.23 1.84 1.30 1.60 40% Private Private 40% Private Private Private Private Private Ownership NIORDC sector sector NIORDC sector sector sector sector sector Process Units NIORDC Imam Refining Companies Bandar Abadan Esfahan Khomeini Kermanshah Lavan Tehran Shiraz Tabriz Abbas Shazand Atmospheric Distillation √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Vacuum Distillation √ √ √ √ - √ √ √ √ Visbreaker √ √ √ √ - - √ √ √ LPG Recovery √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Alkylation √ - - - - - - - - Isomerization √ - √ √ - √ √ - - Fluid Catalytic Cracking √ - - - - - - - - Catalytic Reforming unit(SR/CCR) √SR √CCR √SR-CCR √CCR √ √ √ √ √SR-CCR Propylene Recovery √ - - √ - - - - - Cracked Gasoline Hydrotreater √ - - √ - √ √ - - Naphtha Hydrotreater √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Kerosene Hydrotreater - √ - √ √ √ √ - √ H2 Production - √ √ √ - - √ √ √
Recommended publications
  • China-Iran Relations: a Limited but Enduring Strategic Partnership
    June 28, 2021 China-Iran Relations: A Limited but Enduring Strategic Partnership Will Green, Former Policy Analyst, Security and Foreign Affairs Taylore Roth, Policy Analyst, Economics and Trade Acknowledgments: The authors thank John Calabrese and Jon B. Alterman for their helpful insights and reviews of early drafts. Ethan Meick, former Policy Analyst, Security and Foreign Affairs, contributed research to this report. Their assistance does not imply any endorsement of this report’s contents, and any errors should be attributed solely to the authors. Disclaimer: This paper is the product of professional research performed by staff of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission’s website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.- China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 113-291. However, the public release of this document does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission, any individual Commissioner, or the Commission’s other professional staff, of the views or conclusions expressed in this staff research report. Table of Contents Key Findings ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iran Last Updated: July 16, 2021 Overview Iran Holds Some of the World’S Largest Proved Crude Oil Reserves and Natural Gas Reserves
    Background Reference: Iran Last Updated: July 16, 2021 Overview Iran holds some of the world’s largest proved crude oil reserves and natural gas reserves. Despite Iran’s abundant reserves, crude oil production stagnated and even declined between 2012 and 2016 as a result of nuclear-related international sanctions that targeted Iran’s oil exports and limited investment in Iran's energy sector. At the end of 2011, in response to Iran’s nuclear activities, the United States and the European Union (EU) imposed sanctions, which took effect in mid-2012. These sanctions targeted Iran’s energy sector and impeded Iran’s ability to sell oil, resulting in a nearly 1.0 million barrel-per-day (b/d) drop in crude oil and condensate exports in 2012 compared with the previous year.1 After the oil sector and banking sanctions eased, as outlined in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in January 2016, Iran’s crude oil and condensate production and exports rose to pre-2012 levels. However, Iran's crude oil exports and production again declined following the May 2018 announcement that the United States would withdraw from the JCPOA. The United States reinstated sanctions against purchasers of Iran’s oil in November 2018, but eight countries that are large importers of Iran’s oil received six-month exemptions. In May 2019, these waivers expired, and Iran’s crude oil and condensate exports fell below 500,000 b/d for the remainder of 2019 and most of 2020. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Iran’s oil and natural gas export revenue was $26.9 billion in FY 2015–2016, decreasing more than 50% from $55.4 billion in FY 2014–2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Analysis Brief: Iran
    Country Analysis Brief: Iran Last Updated: April 9, 2018 Overview Iran holds the world’s fourth-largest proved crude oil reserves and the world’s second- largest natural gas reserves. Despite its abundant reserves, Iran’s crude oil production has undergone years of underinvestment and effects of international sanctions. Natural gas production has expanded, the growth has been lower than expected. Since the lifting of sanctions that targeted Iran’s oil sector, oil production has reached more than 3.8 million barrels per day in 2017 Iran holds some of the world’s largest deposits of proved oil and natural gas reserves, ranking as the world’s fourth-largest and second-largest reserve holder of oil and natural gas, respectively. Iran also ranks among the world’s top 10 oil producers and top 5 natural gas producers. Iran produced almost 4.7 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum and other liquids in 2017 and an estimated 7.2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of dry natural gas in 2017.1 The Strait of Hormuz, off the southeastern coast of Iran, is an important route for oil exports from Iran and other Persian Gulf countries. At its narrowest point, the Strait of Hormuz is 21 miles wide, yet an estimated 18.5 million b/d of crude oil and refined products flowed through it in 2016 (nearly 30% of all seaborne-traded oil and almost 20% of total oil produced globally). Liquefied natural gas (LNG) volumes also flow through the Strait of Hormuz. Approximately 3.7 Tcf of LNG was transported from Qatar via the Strait of Hormuz in 2016, accounting for more than 30% of global LNG trade.
    [Show full text]
  • The World's Biggest Refinery and the Second World War
    DRAFT - Please do not circulate THE WORLD’S BIGGEST REFINERY AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR: Khuzestan, Oil and Security Rasmus Christian Elling This paper is part of an ongoing project on the social history of the city of Abadan, which until the onset of the Iran-Iraq War in 1980 was Iran’s primary oil city and home to the World’s largest oil refinery. In 1908, after the discovery of huge oil fields in Khuzestan, south-western Iran, the Anglo- Iranian, formerly Anglo-Persian, Oil Company (henceforth the Company) established its monopoly drilling concessions. Following its completion in 1912, the Abadan refinery complex delivered an increasing volume of oil and petrochemical products to meet British demand. The oil complex in Khuzestan developed into one of the biggest industries in the Middle East, employing thousands of workers from across the world. It also became home to a labour movement that was able to orchestrate decisive industrial action in 1929 and 1946. My previous research has centred on public violence and spatial politics as expressions of labour relations and ethnic inequality.1 In particular, I have done research on: 1) the 1942 Bahmashir riots in Abadan, during which Indian workers and soldiers clashed with Iranian workers and the unemployed; and 2) the 1946 strike in Abadan, during which Arab tribes clashed with mainly non-Arab labour activists from the communist Tudeh Party. In this paper, however, I will explore the understudied topic of labour discontent and security politics in World War II Abadan. I am particularly interested in the extent to which Company demands and measures for increased security to protect its human and material assets in Khuzestan were in fact pretexts for increased control with the labour force.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Sinopec to Develop Abadan Refinery
    China’s Sinopec to Develop Abadan Refinery ۱۳:۰۲ - ۱۳۹۵/۰۶/۲۱ National Iranian Oil Company and China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) have reached a final agreement to develop the Abadan Oil Refinery, managing director of National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company said on Saturday. “Plans are underway to start operations on the first phase of the project, worth $1.2 billion, by November,” Abbas Kazemi was quoted as saying by Mehr News Agency. The agreement calls for improving the quality of oil byproducts by upgrading the production process, Kazemi noted, adding that reducing mazut output and raising the capacity of gasoline and diesel compliant with Euro-4 standards are on the agenda. Asked about funding issues, he said the Chinese will open a credit line to finance the development of Abadan refinery in the southern Khuzestan Province. Underlining that the venture will be completed in four years, Kazemi said, “Reducing the refinery’s mazut output to less than 10% is a priority.” “Excessively high production of mazut in Iranian refineries has substantially reduced their profit margins. So long as refineries do not move to convert mazut to higher value-added products, they will have to make do with the low profits.” Oil officials contend that production of mazut in refineries has turned out to be their Achilles’ heel. Iran ranks 11th in the world in terms of oil processing capacity. It is the 9th producer of gasoline and 13th diesel producer, yet when it comes to producing low-value mazut, it tops the list. Stressing that Iran’s current crude processing capacity stands at about 1.85 million barrels a day, the official noted that with the implementation of new development plans daily refining capacity will exceed 3 million barrels.
    [Show full text]
  • Abadan Refinery and Riots 47–8, 61–2 Abu Dhabi 59
    Index Abadan refinery Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP) 37 and riots 47–8, 61–2 Arab League 47, 61 Abu Dhabi 59 Arab oil 46, 57, 59, 60 Abu-Dayyeh, A. 41–2 Arab Spring 9, 14, 17, 26–8, 42, 65, 88, Adriatic area 4, 16–17 116 Aegean Sea 37 Arab–Israeli conflict 57 Afghanistan 62 Arab–Israeli war 47, 58, 60 Africa 49, 53, 75–6, 86 Arabian Peninsula 26 African continent 32, 35 Arabs 46–7 African countries 53, 76 Arezki, R. 27 AGIP (Italian General Oil Company) Ashkelon 39 52–3 Asia 2, 18, 27, 34, 36, 109 Agovino, M. 70–72, 74 Asian countries 34 AGP (Arab Gas Pipeline) 37, 41 Asian oil 37 Ain Al-Asad (air base in Iraq) 9 Assad (regime) 9, 65 AIOC (Anglo–Iranian Oil Company) Aswan (Dam) 50, 94 47–8, 53 Atallah, S. 40 al-Assad, B. 65 Athens 33 al-Sarraj, F. 1, 10, 33, 110 Atshan (Libya) 56 Alabi, L.O. 25 Australia 35, 109 Alaska’s North Slope 60 Austria 51 Albania 4, 16, 29, 119–30 Azerbaijan 1, 35, 37–8, 106, 108, 110 Alfieri, M. 54 Algeria 55, 57, 59, 61, 65, 75, 77–8, Baghdad 9, 54, 111 80–89, 94–6, 99–100, 104–7, 110, Bahgat, G.101 114–15, 119–30 Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) 37 Algerian Desert 38 Baku–Tbilisi–Erzurum (BTE) 37 Allen, R. 68 Balkans 7, 91–2 American Oil Company Aramco 47 Balta, P. 31 American oil multinationals 51 Barcelona Conference 3, 31, 87–8 Anatolian peninsula 33 Barcelona Declaration 87 Anatolian–Balkan area 4, 24 Barcelona process 87–8 Anderson, I.
    [Show full text]
  • Khosravan V. Exxon Mobil Corp
    No Shepard’s Signal™ As of: April 22, 2021 3:10 PM Z Khosravan v. Exxon Mobil Corp. Court of Appeal of California, Second Appellate District, Division Seven April 20, 2021, Opinion Filed B304346 Reporter 2021 Cal. App. Unpub. LEXIS 2547 * MALEKEH KHOSRAVAN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION et al., Defendants and Counsel: Weitz & Luxenberg, Benno Ashrafi and Josiah Respondents. Parker for Plaintiff and Appellant. Dentons US, Jayme C. Long, Justin Reade Sarno, Notice: NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL Alexander B. Giraldo; Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, REPORTS. CALIFORNIA RULES OF COURT, RULE Theodore J. Boutrous, Jr., Joshua S. Lipshutz and 8.1115(a), PROHIBITS COURTS AND PARTIES FROM Joseph R. Rose for Defendants and Respondents CITING OR RELYING ON OPINIONS NOT CERTIFIED Exxon Mobil Corporation and ExxonMobil Oil FOR PUBLICATION OR ORDERED PUBLISHED, Corporation. EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED BY RULE 8.1115(b). THIS OPINION HAS NOT BEEN CERTIFIED FOR King & Spalding, Peter A. Strotz and Anne M. Voigts for PUBLICATION OR ORDERED PUBLISHED FOR THE Defendants and Respondents Chevron Corporation, PURPOSES OF RULE 8.1115. Chevron U.S.A. Inc., and Texaco, Inc. Judges: FEUER, J.; PERLUSS, P. J., McCORMICK, J.* Prior History: [*1] APPEAL from the judgment of the concurred. Superior Court of Los Angeles County, No. 19STCV20678, Maurice A. Leiter, Judge. Opinion by: FEUER, J. Disposition: Affirmed. Opinion Core Terms Malekeh Khosravan1 appeals from a judgment entered refinery, consortium, operating company, oil, predecessors, oil company, defendants', special * Judge of the Orange County Superior Court, assigned by the relationship, employees, duty of care, obligations, Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California summary judgment, asbestos, facilities, refining, Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • O P E C B U Lle
    King Fahd Bin Abdulaziz 1923–2005 As this issue of the OPEC Bulletin was about to be published, it was announced that Saudi Arabia’s King Fahd Bin Abdulaziz had died. He was born in 1923, the son of King Abdulaziz Al-Saud and died on August 1. Here follows an official statement from the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs received from the Royal Court: “With all sorrow and sadness, the Royal Court in the name of Crown Prince Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz, the Deputy Premier and Commander of the National Guard and all members of the Royal Family and on behalf of the nation announces the death of the Custodian of the two Holy Mosques King Fahd bin Abdulaziz.” A further Ministry statement added: “In line with the fifth article of the basic rule system, members of the Royal Family pledged allegiance to Crown Prince Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz as the King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” King Fahd was the son of King Abdulaziz and became King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on June 13, 1982, following the death of King Khalid. He was Minister of Education in 1953, Minister of Interior in 1962 and from 1967 Second Deputy Premier when he also started to chair cabinet meet- ings. He became Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister on March 25, 1975. He headed the following councils and commis- sions: The Cabinet, The National Security Council, The Supreme Petroleum Council, The Council of Higher Education and Universities, The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, The Supreme Youth Welfare Council, The Higher Commission for the Educational Policy, The Royal Commission Reuters for the Development of Madinah, The Higher Commission for King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • From 'Amaleh (Labor) to Kargar (Worker): Recruitment, Work
    From ‘Amaleh (Labor) to Kargar (Worker): Recruitment, Work Discipline and Making of the Working Class in the Persian/Iranian Oil Industry* Touraj Atabaki International Institute of Social History, The Netherlands Abstract The extraction of oil in 1908 and the ensuing construction of an oil refinery, shipping docks and company towns in southwest Persia/Iran opened a new chapter in the nation’s labor history. Enjoying absolute monopoly over the extraction, production and marketing of the oil, the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company (APOC, AIOC, now British Petroleum––BP) embarked on a massive labor recruitment campaign, drawing its recruits primarily from tribal and village-based laboring poor throughout a region. But, in a region where human needs were few and cheap, it was no easy task to persuade young men to leave their traditional mode of life in exchange for industrial milieu with radically different work patterns. Those who did join the oil industry’s work force were then subjected to labor discipline of an advanced industrial economy, which eventually contributed to the formation of the early clusters of modern Iran’s working class. In the early hours of a spring day, May 26, 1908, following months of exploration and excavation in the Southwest of Persia, one of the wells in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains––not far from the ruins of a Parthian temple, Takht-e Suleiman––finally struck oil. A massive construction effort took place sub- sequently, opening up a new chapter in Iran’s labour history: roads were built, along with pipelines, an oil refinery, shipping docks and entire company towns.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company During Nationalisation, 1951
    Oil Nationalisation and Managerial Disclosure: The Case of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 1933-1951 Neveen Talaat Hassan Abdelrehim BA (Hons) Accounting, MA Accounting A Doctoral Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of York The York Management School September 2010 Table of Contents Page Summary of Thesis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- v Acknowledgments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi Declaration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ viii List of Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix List of Tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi List of Figures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xii List of Appendices --------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Background of the research --------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 Research Problem and Research Questions --------------------------------------- 6 1.4 Research objectives ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.5 Motivation of the
    [Show full text]
  • University of Copenhagen
    Abadan Elling, Rasmus Christian; Ehsani, Kaveh Published in: Middle East Report Publication date: 2018 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Elling, R. C., & Ehsani, K. (2018). Abadan. Middle East Report, (287). Download date: 29. sep.. 2021 NOTE: This is authors' pre-print version. Reference should be made to the published version: Rasmus Christian Elling, Kaveh Ehsani: "Abadan," Middle East Report, No. 287 (Summer 2018). Abadan The Rise and Demise of an Oil Metropolis Kaveh Ehsani and Rasmus Christian Elling In fall 1978, Abadan’s oil refinery workers played a decisive role in the Iranian Revolution by joining the national mass strikes. Just two years later, Abadan and the adjoining port city of Khorramshahr were shelled by the invading Iraqi army and effectively destroyed during the Iran–Iraq war (1980–88), which scattered their population of over 600,000 as refugees across Iran and abroad. The bloody liberation of Khorramshahr (May 1982) turned the tide of Iraqi advances. Abadan’s refinery workers remarkably kept up production under constant shelling through eight years of war and international sanctions, earning the two cities a prominent place in post-revolutionary Iran’s official mythology of the “Sacred Defense.” Despite state propaganda lionizing the workers, postwar reconstruction has not been kind to either city.[1] Prior to the war, Khorramshahr had been Iran’s largest port, while the much larger Abadan was home to one of the world’s largest refineries. Both cities were major commercial centers in the late 1970s. A major tourist destination with posh resorts and nightclubs, cinemas and shopping centers [2], Abadan also boasted Iran’s second major international airport and a large bazaar.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East Oil and Gas
    . .' !• fr{]£[ffi~£o§@£@@@ 0 Susitna Joint Venture Document Number Please Returr To EXXON BACKGROUND SERIES DOCUMENT CONTROL Middle East Oil and Gas -I I i t::, /} •,} (') (",)\.1 .::., .; ()''-'c -~~ i) "'' ~~ J - DECEMBER 1984 L L Middle East Oil and Gas List Gf Figurres, Tables a11d Map~ Table of Contents 1 Figure.~ Page Chapter Title Page 1 World Distribution of Proved Oil Reserves 2 :;;- ---~--~--------~--------------------------------- 2 Proved Oil Reserves of Middle East and Other Nations 4 1 A Position llf Preeminence 2 3 Changes in the Oil Imports Dependence of Principal Industrialized Nations 7 2 His tor)' of Area's Oil Operations--- 5 4 Rates of Discovery 'ilnd Production of Total World Oil Reserves 8 Iran 5 Principal Oil Movements by Sea 14 Iraq 9 6 Major Events which Changed Middle East Bahrain 13 Crude Oil Selling Prices-1970-83 28 Kuwait 1il 'I 7 Middle East Oil Production and Significant Related Events-1950-83 31 Saudi Arabia 13 8 World Crude Oil Production-1945-83 32 Neutral Zone ;· 15 9 International Oil Companies' Equity Interest if Qa-.tar 16 in Middle East Crude Oil Production-1965-82 35 TJ nited Arab Emirates 16 10 Middle East Government Receipts from Oi! 36 Oman 17 '• .'" Egypt 18 Tuble$ 3 Gas Operathms 19 1 Middle East Oil Discoveries: Cumulative Production Saudi Arabia 22 and Remaining Reserves 3 Iran 22 2 Middle East Gas Reserves 5 Kuwait 22 I, 3 Middle East Crude Oil Production 5 Qatar 22 4 Middle East Gas Production and Utilization 19 Iraq 23 ,, 5 Middle East Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Capacity 22 United Arab
    [Show full text]