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Landmine Monitor Report 54449 Cover.qxd 8/9/06 11:03 AM Page 1 Cover photo © C. Rebotton/Handicap International, March 2006 Phoas Yek is a vivacious and studious sixteen year-old from Sung Il village, in Cambodia’s remote and impoverished Samlot district. The third of eight children in a poor farming family, Phoas stepped on a mine while playing in the forest near her home, once a Khmer Rouge stronghold. Her parents worked hard to save the US$4 needed to transport her to the Battambang rehabilitation center for medical assistance. Phoas has received seven prosthetic legs at the ICRC-supported center; she continues to grow so fast she frequently needs her prosthetic replaced. Unlike many disabled Cambodians, Phoas has been able to go to school, with support from Handicap International. Each day she cycles to school, and in her spare time she reads her schoolbooks repeatedly because other books are not available. She hopes to graduate from school and own a fancy dress rental shop. Landmine Monitor Toward a Mine-Free World Report 2006 The Landmine Monitor initiative is Landmine Monitor Report 2006 is the eighth annual coordinated by an Editorial Board of report of the Landmine Monitor, an unprecedented four organizations: Mines Action Canada, civil society-based initiative by the International Handicap International, Human Rights Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), 1997 Nobel Watch, and Norwegian People’s Aid. Peace Co-Laureate. This report is the product of a global reporting network of 71 researchers from 62 Mines Action Canada serves as the lead countries. agency. Landmine Monitor collects information and assesses the response by the international community to the global landmines crisis, especially with regard to the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti- Personnel Mines and On their Destruction. Since 1999, this highly-acclaimed initiative has successfully and consistently demonstrated for the first time that non- governmental organizations can work together in a sustained, coordinated and systematic way to monitor and report on the implementation of an international Landmine Monitor Report disarmament or humanitarian law treaty. Toward a Mine-Free World This edition of the Landmine Monitor Report 2006 presents new information collected in 2005 and 2006. It contains information on 126 countries and Executive Summary areas with respect to antipersonnel landmine use, production, stockpiling, trade, humanitarian mine clearance, mine risk education, mine action funding, landmine casualties and mine survivor assistance. Cover Design by Rafael Jiménez Report Design by Visual Communications, vizcom.org Printed and bound in Canada I SBN 0-9738955-1-9 9 780973 895513 54449 Cover.qxd 8/9/06 10:38 AM Page 2 To receive a copy of Landmine Monitor Report 2006, please contact: International Campaign to Ban Landmines Human Rights Watch Email: [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 500 www.icbl.org/lm Washington, DC 20009, USA Tel: +1 (202) 612-4321, Fax: +1 (202) 612-4333 Mines Action Canada Email: [email protected] 1502 - 1 Nicholas Street www.hrw.org Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7B7, CANADA Tel: +1 (613) 241-3777, Fax: +1 (613) 244-3410 Norwegian People’s Aid Email: [email protected] PO Box 8844, Youngstorget NO-0028 www.minesactioncanada.org Oslo, NORWAY Tel: +47 (22) 03-77-00, Fax: +47 (22) 20-08-70 Handicap International Email: [email protected] rue de Spa 67 www.npaid.org B-1000 Brussels, BELGIUM Tel: +32 (2) 286-50-59, Fax: +32 (2) 230-60-30 Email: [email protected] www.handicap-international.be 54449 text.qxd 8/9/06 8:03 AM Page i Landmine Monitor Toward a Mine-Free World Executive Summary 2006 Landmine Monitor Editorial Board Mines Action Canada Handicap International Human Rights Watch Norwegian People’s Aid 54449 text.qxd 8/9/06 8:03 AM Page ii Copyright © July 2006 by Mines Action Canada All rights reserved. Printed and bound in Canada. This report was printed on recycled paper using vegetable based ink. ISBN: 0-9738955-1-9 Cover photographs © C. Rebotton, Handicap International, March 2006 Cover design by Rafael Jiménez Report design by Visual Communications, www.vizcom.org International Campaign to Ban Landmines Email: [email protected] www.icbl.org/lm 54449 text.qxd 8/9/06 8:03 AM Page iii Contents About Landmine Monitor 1 Landmine Casualties 45 and Survivor Assistance Major Findings 3 New Casualties in 2005-2006 45 Capacities and Challenges in Collecting Data 48 Introduction 7 Addressing the Needs of Survivors 49 Capacities and Challenges in 51 Banning Antipersonnel Mines 9 Providing Assistance Universalization 9 Victim Assistance and Mine Ban Treaty 52 Sixth Meeting of States Parties 12 Implementation Implementation and Intersessional 13 Coordination and Integration for Sustainable 53 Work Program Victim Assistance Convention on Conventional Weapons 13 Progress in Survivor Assistance 55 Use of Antipersonnel Mines 14 Disability Policy and Practice 58 Production of Antipersonnel Mines 16 Other International Developments 59 Global Trade in Antipersonnel Mines 18 Antipersonnel Mine Stockpiles and 19 Mine Action Funding 61 their Destruction Donor Contributions in 2005 61 Mines Retained for Research and 21 Funding, Cooperation and the Mine Ban Treaty 63 Training (Article 3) Donor Funding Policy and the Mine Ban Treaty 63 Transparency Reporting (Article 7) 22 Funding Channels 64 National Implementation Measures (Article 9) 23 Mine Action Donors 64 Special Issues of Concern 23 States and Victim Assistance 72 Major Mine Action Recipients 75 Mine Action 29 Major Achievements of Mine Action Programs 29 Status of the Convention 79 Major Challenges for Mine Action Programs 32 Responding Effectively to Community Needs 32 Key Developments 81 Fulfilling the Requirements of Article 5 34 States Parties 81 National Ownership and Good Governance 37 Signatories 89 Mine Risk Education 40 Non-Signatories 89 MRE Programs 40 Other 92 Key Actors 41 At-Risk Groups 42 Convention on the Prohibition 94 MRE in Areas of Conflict 42 of the Use, Stockpiling, Production Integration of MRE with Other Mine Action 42 and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Activities Mines and on Their Destruction Community-Based MRE 43 Evaluations and Learning 43 Notes 103 54449 text.qxd 8/9/06 8:03 AM Page iv 1997 Convention on the Prohibition Table Key of the Use, Stockpiling, Production States Parties: ratified or acceded as of 1 July 2006. and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines Signatories: signed but not yet ratified. and on Their Destruction Non-Signatories: not yet acceded. The Americas Europe, the Caucasus & Central Asia Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Albania Andorra Austria Bahamas Barbados Belarus Belgium Bosnia&Herzegovina Belize Bolivia Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Brazil Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Chile Colombia France Germany Greece Costa Rica Dominica Holy See Hungary Iceland Dominican Rep. Ecuador Ireland Italy Latvia El Salvador Grenada Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Guatemala Guyana Macedonia, FYR Malta Moldova Haiti Honduras Monaco Netherlands Norway Jamaica Mexico Portugal Romania San Marino Nicaragua Panama Serbia & Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia Paraguay Peru Spain Sweden Switzerland St. Kitts & Nevis St. Vincent and Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Saint Lucia the Grenadines Ukraine United Kingdom Poland Suriname Trinidad & Tobago Armenia Azerbaijan Finland Uruguay Venezuela Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Cuba United States Russia Uzbekistan Middle East & North Africa Algeria Jordan Qatar Tunisia Yemen Bahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Lebanon East & South Asia & the Pacific Libya Morocco Oman Afghanistan Australia Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia Sub-Saharan Africa Cook Islands Fiji Angola Benin Botswana Japan Kiribati Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Malaysia Maldives Cape Verde Central African Rep. Chad Nauru New Zealand Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep. Niue Papua New Guinea Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Philippines Samoa Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Solomon Islands Thailand Gambia Ghana Guinea Timor-Leste Vanuatu Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Indonesia Marshall Islands Liberia Madagascar Malawi Burma/Myanmar China MaliMauritania Mauritius India Korea, North Mozambique Namibia Niger Korea, South Laos Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé & Principe Micronesia Mongolia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Nepal Pakistan South Africa Sudan Swaziland Palau Singapore Tanzania Togo Uganda Sri Lanka Tonga Zambia Zimbabwe Somalia Tuvalu Vietnam 54449 text.qxd 8/9/06 8:03 AM Page 1 About Landmine Monitor his is the eighth Landmine Monitor report, view that transparency, trust and mutual collaboration the annual product of an unprecedented are crucial elements for successful eradication of initiative by the International Campaign to antipersonnel mines. Landmine Monitor was also Ban Landmines (ICBL) to monitor and established in recognition of the need for independent Treport on implementation of and compliance with the reporting and evaluation. 1997 Mine Ban Treaty, and more generally, to assess Landmine Monitor and its annual reports aim to the international community’s response to the promote and advance discussion on mine-related humanitarian crisis caused by landmines. For the first issues, and to seek clarifications, in order to help time in history, non-governmental organizations have reach the goal of a mine-free world. Landmine come together in a coordinated, systematic and Monitor works in good faith to provide factual infor- sustained way to monitor a humanitarian law or disar- mation about
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