(Homoptera: Cicadellidae) De Colombia
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The Hymenoptera of a Dry Meadow on Limestone
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 47 1 29--47 1999 (Pol. J. Ecol.) W em er ULRICH Nicholas Copemicus University in Torun Department of Animal Ecology 87-100 Torun. Gagarina 9: Poland e-mail: ulrichw @ cc.uni.torun.pl 'I'HE HYMENOPTERA OF A DRY MEADOW ON LIMESTONE: SPECIES COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE AND BIOMASS ABSTRACT: In 1986 and 1988 the hymenopterous fauna of a semixerophytic meadow on lime stone near Gottingen (FRG) was studied using ground-photo-eclectors. A total of 4982 specimens be longing to 475 different species \vere collected. Extrapolations from double-log functions revealed that there may be as many as 1330 parasitoid species present per year. 455 of the 475 species were parasito ids. 155 of them attack dipterans. 48 lepidopterans. 36 beetles. 23 wasps, 22 plant hoppers and 13 ap hids. 47 of the species are egg-parasitoids and parasitoids of miners. ectophytophages count for 44 of 2 the \V asp species. The abundance of the wasp fauna was rather high ( 1120 ± 53 in d. m- a- I ( 1986) and 2 1 335 ± 42 ind. m - a- ( 1988). Most abundant were the parasitoids of miners, gall-makers and the egg parasitoids. Compared \vith the high abundance the biomass was low. In 1986 the wasps weighed a total 2 1 2 1 of 194 ± 24 n1gDW m- a- and in 1988 only 69 ± 20 mgDW m- a- . The parasitoids of ectophytopha gous lepidopterans and coleopterans counted for n1ore than half of the whole biomass. KEY WORDS: Hymenoptera. parasitoids. faunal composition, density, biomass. species numbers, local extinction. 1. INTRODUCTION The insect order Hymenoptera is the species is very limited. -
A Short History Regarding the Taxonomy and Systematic Researches of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)
Memoirs of the Scientific Sections of the Romanian Academy Tome XXXIV, 2011 BIOLOGY A SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES OF PLATYGASTROIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) O.A. POPOVICI1 and P.N. BUHL2 1 “Al.I.Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania. 2 Troldhøjvej 3, DK-3310 Ølsted, Denmark, e-mail: [email protected],dk Corresponding author: [email protected] This paper presents an overview of the most important and best-known works that were the subject of taxonomy or systematics Platygastroidea superfamily. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part of the research surprised the early period can be placed throughout the XIXth century between Latreille and Dalla Torre. Before this period, references about platygastrids and scelionids were made by Linnaeus and Schrank, they are the ones who described the first platygastrid and scelionid respectively. In this the first period work entomologists as: Haliday, Westwood, Walker, Forster, Ashmead, Thomson, Howard, etc., the result of their work being the description of 699 scelionids species which are found quoted in Dalla Torre's catalogue. The second part of the paper is devoted to early 20th century. This vibrant work is marked by the work of two great entomologists: Kieffer and Dodd. In this period one publish the first and only global monograph of platygastrids and scelionids until now. In this monograph are twice the number of species than in Dalla Torre's catalogue which shows the magnitude of the systematic research of those moments. The third part of the paper refers to the late 20th and early 21st century. -
Evaluación Del Potencial De Hongos Entomopatógenos Para El Control De Saltahojas Plaga (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), En Plantaciones De Dracaena Marginata (Agavaceae)
UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS ESCUELA DE BIOLOGÍA Evaluación del potencial de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de saltahojas plaga (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), en plantaciones de Dracaena marginata (Agavaceae) Tesis sometida a consideración del Tribunal del Trabajo Final de Graduación, como requisito para optar por el grado de: Licenciatura en Biología con énfasis en Manejo Integrado de Plagas Ana Priscilla Benavides Morera San José, Costa Rica 2010 Integrantes del Tribunal del Trabajo Final de Graduación Dr. Paul Hanson Snortum Director de Tesis M.Sc. Carolina Godoy Cabrera Miembro del Comité Asesor M.Sc. Eduardo Hidalgo Jaminson Miembro del Comité Asesor Dra. Virginia Solís Alvarado. Decana de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas Presidenta del Tribunal Ana Priscilla Benavides Morera Estudiante Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, febrero 2010 ii DEDICATORIA A aquellos productores de plantas ornamentales, en especial a los que siembran Dracaena sp., a quienes buscan controlar los insectos plaga en sus fincas y deben enfrentar presiones fitosanitarias para exportar su producto limpio. Espero que opten por un manejo integrado de los insectos plaga en sus cultivos y eviten el uso excesivo de agroquímicos. iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A Gerardo y Grace, papá y mamá, por todo su apoyo, confianza, colaboración, paciencia y ejemplo durante mi vida, en especial en esta etapa de tesis. Gracias a la familia, quienes buscaron siempre una forma de aportar durante este período, Chary, Kb, Isaac y Alejandro. Gracias a Jose Gregorio, mi querer, por impulsarme a terminar este trabajo, por confiar en mis capacidades, por interesarse en lo que hacía y por compartir conmigo los proyectos a futuro.. -
Generating Knowledge About the Dracaena Marginata Pest Complex to Improve Management Strategies for Crops Exported from Costa Rica
Generating knowledge about the Dracaena marginata pest complex to improve management strategies for crops exported from Costa Rica by Eduardo Hidalgo Jaminson A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy With a Major in Ecological Agriculture Postgraduate School of CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Co-advised by Purdue University June 2012 AUTHORIZATION TO SUBMIT DISSERTATION i ABSTRACT Dracaena marginata, an important ornamental plant exported by Costa Rica, represents 4% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Its market has grown from $70 million in 2005 to $85 million in 2008; one of the main markets being the United States (Arce et al. 2009). However, a plant size limitation of 18 inches for vegetative material of D. marginata by the US authorities due to pest infestation risks, has constrained production. Additionally, the repeated interception of shipments with quarantine pests, predominantly represented by leafhoppers, katydids, armored scales and snails, jeopardizes its future in the export market. This study aimed to develop knowledge on the population dynamics of the pest complex found in D. marginata and the actual relationship between plant size and pest incidence. It looked at the role of weed cover on insect abundance and fluctuations of the populations through time to try and detect windows of opportunity to maximize the effectiveness of control measures. The relationship between pest abundance in the field and the interception rate of export shipments at the ports of entry in the United States was also studied. Specific studies were also carried out on the dynamics of the leafhopper Empoasca sp. -
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VI: Description of the Male of Deselvana Falleni from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southeastern Brazil
ZOOLOGIA 26 (4): 769–773, December, 2009 Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VI: description of the male of Deselvana falleni from the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil Gabriel Mejdalani 1, 2; André Carpi 1 & Rachel A. Carvalho 1 1 Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Corresponding author. ABSTRACT. The male of the leafhopper Deselvana falleni (Stål, 1858) is for the first time described and illustrated based on material from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Notes comparing D. falleni to other species of Deselvana Young, 1968 are given. Males and females of D. falleni can be recognized by the dark brown to black dorsum with four well-defined yellow maculae on each forewing, two on clavus and two on corium. The sexual dimorphism of color found in other Deselvana species was not observed in D. falleni. KEY WORDS. Auchenorrhyncha; male genitalia; Membracoidea; sharpshooter; taxonomy. This is the sixth paper of a series on the taxonomy of the sidered Deselvana closely related to Raphirhinus de LaPorte, 1832, Proconiini in the Neotropical region. The previous papers of Omagua Melichar, 1925, and Abana Distant, 1908, with which it the series included descriptions of four new species and notes shares the distinctive dorsal concavity of the male pygofer. In on other species in the tribe (MEJDALANI & EMMRICH 1998, CEOTTO the cladistic analysis of the Abana group of genera (CEOTTO & et al. -
India Co-Ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests
All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 2016-17 Compiled and edited by S.K. Jalali Richa Varshney B. Ramanujam K. Srinivasa Murthy A.N. Shylesha Sunil Joshi M. Mohan Ankita Gupta M. Sampath Kumar Amala Udaykumar Omprakash Navik Chandish R. Ballal ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru 560 024 1 2 3 5 17 4 8 9 7 10 6 11 12 15 16 13 14 Cover page 1. Distribution of insect traps to the farmers 2. Chilli anthracnose damage in field 3. Distribution of inputs to the farmers 4. Monitoring of cotton whitefly and its natural enemies 5. Indeterminate scale infesting plum 6. Predatory mite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) attacking Tetranychus urticae Koch 7. Monitoring of brinjal mealybug and its natural enemies 8. Solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley infestation on hibiscus 9. Trapping of local species of Bracon spp. in rice ecosystem 10. Larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant feeding on brinjal mealybug 11. Application of entomopathogenic fungi for management of banana pseudostem borer 12. Biological control training program at Amalapuram, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh 13. Growth of Bt isolated from soil 14. Training on management of apple root borer 15. Tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on tomato 16. Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach 17. Female of Trichogramma achaea Nagaraja & Nagarkatti Photo credits: Photographs 1 & 8 – OUAT; 2, 13 & 16 – AAU; 3 – GBPUAT; 4 – PAU; 5 – SKUAST; 6, 14 &15 – YSPUHF; 7 & 10 – TNAU; 9 – IGKV; 11 – KAU; 12 – DRYSRHU; 17 – Omaprakash Navik Copyright © Director, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, 2017 This publication is in copyright. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Parasitic Hymenoptera constitutes the most the Neotropical Region close behind it. The important single group of biocontrol agents, Nearctic and the Oriental Regions have responsible for majority of the economic and approximately equal number of species. The environmental benefits arising through biocontrol Australian Region is also species rich (Johnson, programmes. Parasitoids comprise approximately 1992). Not much is known about their distribution 80% of the Hymenoptera developing on or in a in India. wide variety of hosts and are important in regulating their host popUlations (Gauld and Since these groups include parasitoids of both Bolton, 1988). According to Cornell and Hawkins agriCUltural and livestock pests, they have great (1993), parasitism is considered to be the most potential to be used as successful biocontrol likely cause identifiable for mortality in 30.8% of agents. But, towards meeting this goal, more data 123 holometabolous insect host species. Parasitic a, on their biological, ecological and ethological the largest group of hymenoptera includes many aspects are needed. As all pertinent studies diverse species, which are either entomophagous concerning biology, ecology, conservation, or phytophagous. Most members of this group genetics etc. rely upon the foundation made by a being very small, sometimes even less than Imm, good systematic study, a detailed systematic study their existence often remain unnoticed. Many of these groups has become imperative. members of Parasitic a act as keystone species, as The present work, which extended over a they regulate their host species populations that period of five years (1994 to 1999), was primarily may otherwise out-compete and eliminate other undertaken to register the diversity in species, thereby playing a major role in preserving Proctotrupoidea and Platygastroidea of Kerala.The ecological balance and also in maintaining study area included the whole geographic limits biological diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. -
Landscape Effects on Insect Pests of Dracaena Marginata and Their Associated Natural Enemies in Costa Rica
Landscape effects on insect pests of Dracaena marginata and their associated natural enemies in Costa Rica by Mildred Linkimer A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy With a Major in Ecological Agriculture Postgraduate School of CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Co-advised by Purdue University 2012 II DEDICATION To Heiner and Ariel, happiness and strength of my life. To my mom and dad who never stopped fighting for us. A Heiner y Ariel, la felicidad y Fortaleza de mi vida. A mi papá y mamá que nunca dejaron de luchar por nosotros. III ACKNOWLEGMENTS Many people have contributed to this research and my professional and personal development during the past six years. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my major advisor, Fernando Casanoves, for guiding and supporting me during these years. He always gave me confidence even in difficult times and taught me the passion for statistics. I would also like to thank my co-advisor Clifford Sadof who opened the doors of Purdue University for me. He has been a true mentor, guiding me with his wisdom through difficult and happy times, providing me with critical advice and knowledge. I would also like to thank Cliff´s family (Linda and Claire) for kindly having me during my time at PU. I would also like to thank my Graduate Committee (Jeffrey Holland, Kevin Gibson) for their support and advice. Specially, I would like to thank to my advisor and friend, Tamara Benjamin, for her guidance not only during the development of my research but also in my personal life. -
Here May Be a Threshold of 8 Mm Above
c 2007 by Daniela Maeda Takiya. All rights reserved. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON THE LEAFHOPPER SUBFAMILY CICADELLINAE (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) BY DANIELA MAEDA TAKIYA B. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1998 M. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007 Urbana, Illinois Abstract The leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (=sharpshooters) includes approximately 340 genera and over 2,000 species distributed worldwide, but it is most diverse in the Neotropical region. In contrast to the vast majority of leafhoppers (members of the family Cicadellidae), which are specialists on phloem or parenchyma fluids, cicadellines feed on xylem sap. Because xylem sap is such a nutritionally poor diet, xylem specialists must ingest large quantities of sap while feeding. They continuously spurt droplets of liquid excrement, forming the basis for their common name. Specialization on xylem sap also occurs outside the Membracoidea, in members of the related superfamilies Cicadoidea (cicadas) and Cercopoidea (spittlebugs) of the order Hemiptera. Because larger insects with greater cibarial volume are thought to more easily overcome the negative pressure of xylem sap, previous authors suggested that there may be a threshold of 8 mm above which, the energetic cost of feeding is negligible. In chapter 1 the method of phylogenetic contrasts was used to re-investigate the evolution of body size of Hemiptera and test the hypothesis that shifts to xylem feeding were associated with an increase in body size. After correcting for phylogenetic dependence and taking into consideration possible alternative higher-level phylogenetic scenarios, statistical analyses of hemipteran body sizes did not show a significant increase in xylem feeding lineages. -
Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from Iran
European Journal of Taxonomy 750: 29–51 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1359 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2021 · Asadi-Farfar M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1D46CAAC-A8AE-46DC-BFF8-AB88B4DCC173 Four new species and new records of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from Iran Maryam ASADI-FARFAR 1, Younes KARIMPOUR 2,*, Hossein LOTFALIZADEH 3 & Peter Neerup BUHL 4 1,2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 3 Plant Protection Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. 4 Zoological Museum, Department of Entomology, University of Copenhagen, Universitet sparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C1A134C0-1861-4E7C-8C5B-18F57082EF9A 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E7B0992C-BBFA-444A-A694-D3F54FDA10B0 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D7C681F3-C2E3-4FC1-BC4A-B0A6160B56CC 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:394066D3-5642-4CCE-857B-0972C4D92327 Abstract. The following four species new to science are described: Platygaster azarbaijanica Buhl & Asadi sp. nov., Platygaster lotfalizadehi Buhl & Asadi sp. nov., Platygaster karimpouri Asadi & Buhl sp. nov. and Synopeas calecai Buhl & Asadi sp. nov. Diagnostic characters are discussed, and figures are provided to distinguish the new species. In addition, ten species of Platygastrinae Howard, 1892 belonging to the genera Platygaster Latreille, 1809, Synopeas Förster, 1856 and Leptacis Förster, 1856 are reported as new records for the fauna of Iran. -
(Hymenoptera) De La Región Neotropical
AbrahamovichBiota Colombiana & 3 Díaz (2) 215 - 233, 2002 Abejorros de la Región Neotropical -215 Lista de los géneros y especies de la superfamilia Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) de la Región Neotropical Tania M. Arias-Penna Instituto Humboldt, AA 8693, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Hymenoptera, Parasitoideos, Platygastroidea, Scelionidae, Platygastridae, Neotrópico Los himenópteros son uno de los órdenes de insec- Platygastroidea es una de aquellas superfamilias ricas en tos más comunes e importantes para el hombre. Además de especies, pero pobremente estudiadas, actualmente com- las conocidas abejas, avispas y hormigas, el orden com- prende las familias Scelionidae y Platygastridae (Masner prende un vasto número de especies parasitoideas, de gran 1993). Anteriormente estas familias hacían parte de importancia en la regulación de las poblaciones de otros Proctotrupoidea, un grupo muy heterogéneo y probable- artrópodos (Godfray 1994). mente parafilético o polifilético (Masner 1995). Aunque Platygastroidea es un grupo monofilético (Masner 1993), Dentro de los muchos grupos de microhimenópteros las relaciones filogenéticas internas no están claras y pro- parasitoideos, uno de los más interesantes es el de las avis- bablemente Scelionidae sea parafilético con respecto a pas de la superfamilia Platygastroidea. En general estas Platygastridae (Austin & Field 1997). avispas son pequeñas (la mayoría de especies miden me- nos de dos mm de longitud), y, al igual que muchos otros Familia Scelionidae microhimenópteros, -
Insect Life, Vol
25 NOTES ON COTTON INSECTS FOUND IN MISSISSIPPI. By William H. Ashmead. Towards the latter part of July, 1893, I was instructed to proceed to Utica, Hinds county. Miss., to make some special studies on the boll- worm (Heliothls armiger Hiibn.), I reached ray destination on July 23 and left August 23, my stay there extending over a period of just one month. During this brief period, as time permitted, studies were made on such other cotton insects as were brought under my observation, and I find now that many of these have never before been reported on cotton, while still others, especially among the parasitic forms, prove to be new to science. Inasmuch as many of these are not only of scientific interest but of economic importance, it seems to me desirable that all should be placed on record, together with such brief notes on rearings and habits as have been made, for the assistance and guidance of other workers. As the most satisfactory method of presenting these brief notes, I propose to arrange the insects observed in consecutive order under the different Orders to which they belong. ORDER ORTHOPTERA. The Carolina Mantis or rear-hoTse {Stagmomantis Carolina Burm.).— The nymph of this striking insect was alone met with, the mature insect not having put in its appearance. Its old egg-cases were found twice. Three or four species of the genus Gryllus were common in the cotton fields. They probably feed occasionally on cotton, but no direct observa- tions were made on their habits. The minute three-toed cricket {Tridactylus minutiis Scudd.) was quite common in the cotton fields and was observed feeding on the tender, newly-formed leaves.