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A. De V. Minnaar ESHOWE MTUNZINI / the Spoils.3

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A. De V. Minnaar ESHOWE MTUNZINI / the Spoils.3 A. de V. Minnaar Human SciencesResearch CouncIl ORIGIN OF NAME Extensive researchhas been done to ascertainthe origin of the name Empangeni,but it is difficult if not impossible to come to a conclusion. A complicating factor is that the history of the Nguni people has beenpassed down from generation to generation by word of mouth without a written record and hencethe correct origin and translation are difficult to establish. The name Empangeni was already in use by the time the first Whites arrived in the area. It referred mainly to a small tributary stream of the Umhlatuzi River. Old Zulus of the area are adamant that the Empangeni Rail area is Empangeni proper and that the name was derived from a nearby stream infested with crocodiles which used to grab (panga)unwary water-bearers or travellers; then too panga meansto rob or plunder, and the Empangeni was a fast- flowing stream subject to frequent flooding that causedd~age to crops along its alluvial banks, and it becameknown as the robber or the plundering river. I -~_. mission station v\j +++++ Railway line Magisterial boundary I Game Reserve ..' ESHOWE -,]' Richards Bay --Rivers and lakes / MTUNZINI / MIIp of Lowe,. Umfolozi District. Mpande and Cetshwayo had their royal kraals in the DRAWN BY LYNETTE HEARNE vicinity of the present town)4; or as the place of confiscation(because the Zulu king Mpande held court Another derivation was from phanga (to conceal), there to settle disputes and invariably one or both of as the area, being an attractive and fertile place, concealed illness, there being much malarial fever about} Another name was the place ofplunder or the place of thievesas the impis, on their way back from I. Private collection of A. Bozas,Empangeni (BPC), correspondence: a raid with stolen cattle, usedto gather there to divide H.C. Lugg -A. Bozas, n.d.2. Natal Archives, Pietermaritzburg (NA), EPI 3/1/1 Historical the spoils.3 register book of Empangeni, p. 38. It has also been known as the place of important 3. J.C.B. Mattinson, Empangeni, 14.4.1983. people (becauseShaka had his royal kraal Bulawayo 4. A. BoZAS.Empangeni: the ongin of its street names(Empangeni, halfway betweenEmpangeni and Eshowe, while both 1970), p. viii. 5 ~j." the litigants would be fined several head of cattle).s 1818 the Empangeni area had become part of Greater Another derivation could be from the Emmangweni Zululand.'o or Mpangiswenimilitary kraals which wereestablished Not far from present-dayEmpangeni Shaka established near the present-daytown.6 his royal kraal, Bulawayo, on a hilltop overlooking the Some called it the place of begging from the Zulu U mhlatuzi River. It was here that he was visited in 1824 word phanza (to beg for food in time of famine). It by F.G. Farewelland H.F. Fynn.11Dingane's successor, is said that food was always plentiful in the fertile area Mpande, built his royal kraal, Mangweni, on the farm near Empangeni and in times of drought or famine (lot 197)later owned by R.F. Logan. Near this kraal was Zulus travelling through the area would beg for the deep crocodile-infested pool (tagaan)on the Okulu food.7 One other derivation is that it took its name River, into which those of the Zulu king's subjects who from the mpange trees (Olinia radiata) which grow had displeasedhim were thrown after having had their along the banks and at the sourceof the Empangeni.8 shoulder blades broken.12 However, the most common explanation is that the Empangeni River flowed through a rich grazing area Missionanoes and that every summerthe herdboys came down with Thet4gl14" (crocodilepool) 0" the Okulu River.* distancefrom the sea.Grout, after losing his wife in early 1836,returned to the United States. Just after this, at the EARLY HISTORY time of the Piet Retief massacre,all missionaries were withdrawn from Zululand. After hostilities had ceased Zulu 5. BPC, correspondencere origin of name. 6. BOZAS.op. cil., p. viii. The area is rich in history regardingthe Zulu but so little 7. BPC, correspondencere origin of name. was recorded that it is difficult to obtain anything that 8. C.M. DolCEand B.w. VILIKAZI.Zulu-English dictionary (Johannes- can be corroborated by the written word. The early burg, 1958),p. 510; A. Bozas, Empangeni, 13.4.1983. history is shrouded in mystery but the area was definitely 9. A. Bozas, Empangeni, 13.4.1983; BPC, correspondencere origin of name; J. W.ROBERTSON. Traveller's guide for SoUlh Afnca (East populated by the Nguni long before the coming of the London, 1945),p. 234; P.J. NIENAB~R.Suid-Afnwnse pleknl14m- White man to Natal. In pre-Shaka times the area was Uloordeboek(Cape Town, 1963),p. 213; T.V. BULPIN.Nala/and occupied by the Mthethwa. This clan, under their chief Ihe Zulu counlry (Cape Town, 1969), p. 119; H.C. LuGG. LIfe Dingiswayo, started the consolidation process of the under a Zulu shield (Pietermaritzburg, 1975)p. 94. 10. E.A. RITTER.Shaka Zulu: the rise of the Zulu empire (London, Natal Nguni peopleswhich was completed by Shaka. By 1968),pp. I-53; BULPIN.op. cil., pp. and 8-10. II. BULPIN.OPcil., pp. 28-31. -All photographs from the SenatorA. BozasCollection, Empangeni. 12. A. Bozas, Empangeni, 13.4.1983;BoZAS. op. cil.. p. viii. 6 t Grout, having returned from America with a new wife pioneers. They lived in primitive houses and bartered and unwilling to give up the idea of working in Zulu goods for cattle and sheepto provide milk and meat, as country, sought an interview with Mpande and was able provisions were only sent up once a year from Durban. to obtain permission to recommenceoperations in Zulu- The mortality was high; Nielsenlost two of his daughters, land. With the Boers' consent Grout crossedthe Tugela one from croup, one from malaria and a later infant to in May 1841and proceededto the Empangeni,an eastern dysentery.The Rev. J.O. Kielland, who arrived in 1863 branch of the Umhlatuzi River, and commencedopera- and stayed till 1874, lost a daughter.19 tions there. He called his station Inkanyezi (star). The The church at Empangeni was dedicated by Bishop country around was thickly inhabited, there being no Schreuder in 1870. During the Zulu War of 1879this fewer than 37 kraals or villages in the vicinity. 13 churchwas destroyed along with the whole of the mission For a time the affairs of the station seemedto prosper. station. In 1880the Rev. M. Dahle, who had succeeded On Sundaysa crowd of 200-300collected at the mission Kielland in 1874,decided to look for a healthier spot for and the day schoolwas well attended. At length, however, a mission station. He was given a spot five kilometres the king becameaware that some of the peoplewho lived eastof the present-dayplot 880 in Ngwelezanatownship -the original site -by Chief Lokothwayo. In 1886the even at a distance from the station were looking upon it as a place of refuge and were fleeing to it to escape Rev. O.S. Norgaard arrived and built the manse and his displeasure. He began to think that those living near presentday church which was completed in 1893,the year the station were forgetting their allegianceto him. Both in which the first Ztllu minister, the Rev. Simon Ndlela, the missionary and the people around the mission station was ordained at Empangeni. It was also in this church had, for some time, beenaware that they were not in the that the marriage of the first White couple to be married in Zululand (G. W. Higgs and Ragna Henriksen) took king's favour. This led them to shun the royal presence; this only served to exasperatethe king and to widen the place in 1903.20 breach between him and his subjects still further. Accordingly on 25 July 1842, a little more than a year after the station was commenced,the king senta military THE MAGISTRACY force to punish thesesubjects. An attack was made upon half of the kraals closestto the mission station, three of In 1887the magisterial district of the Lower Umfolozi which the king doomed to utter destruction. In accor- was establishedby proclamation No.1 of 1887.21On 25 dance with Zulu custom this attack was sudden and at June 1887A.J. Shepstoneformally acceptedappointment early dawn. Though no violence was done to the mission- as the first magistrate.22The site chosen for the resi- ary Grout and his family, he thought it no longer safe dency was on the Embabe (bitter) River .23 to remain. He accordingly left the place at once and even- One of the first acts of the new magistratewas to grant tually set up a mission station at Groutville in Natal.14 Frank Green, who had a store at Ngoye in the Eshowe After this attack on Grout, Mpande would not allow district, a licence to build a trading store near the resi- any missionary to preachthe gospel north of the Tugela. dency.24Green commenced building his store about But around 1850Mpande fell sick -reputedly with gout three kilometres from the residencyon 29 August 1887. -and when the witchdoctors failed to heal him one of The only other store in the district was one at the lower his subjects, Mkhonto Ntuli, recommended the Rev. drift of the Umfolozi River started by E. W .B. Knight in H.P .S. Schreuder of the Norwegian Mission Society at the early 1880s.There was also a store further north run Mapumulo who, Ntuli said, had lots of medicinebottles. The Rey. Schreuder was sent for and was able to ease 13.
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