Chapter 7 Relays and Switches
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Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse 1529 4Th Avenue West, Seattle Landmark
Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse 1529 4th Avenue West, Seattle Landmark Nomination BOLA Architecture + Planning Seattle December 21, 2015 Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse Landmark Nomination 1529 4th Avenue W, Seattle December 21, 2015 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 Background Research Seattle’s Landmark Designation Process Preservation Incentives Design Reviews of Proposed Changes to a Landmark 2. Property Data 4 3. Historic Context Statement 5 Historic Overview of Queen Anne Hill The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company in Seattle The Building’s Construction History The Original Designers The Role of Women as Switchboard Operators 4. Architectural Description 12 Neighborhood Context The Site The Structure and Exterior Facades Interior Layout and Features Changes to the Original Building 5. Bibliography and Resources 18 6. Photographs and Images 23 Figure Index Images Select Drawings Cover: Views looking southwest at the building: Museum of Communications, 1923; King County Tax Assessor’s Property Record Card, 1936; Contemporary, BOLA, July 2015. BOLA Architecture + Planning 159 Western Avenue West, Suite 486 Seattle, Washington 98119 206.447.4749 Name (common, present, or historic): The Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Garfield Exchange / Seattle Public Library Queen Anne Warehouse Year built: 1921-1922, 1929 (remodeled in 1950 and 1961); 1977 (Renovation) Street and number: 1529 4th Avenue West, Seattle WA 98119 Assessor's file no.: 423290-3170 -
Pickering 20-525 Manual
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Pickering 20-525-902-LS1 at our website: Click HERE USER MANUAL pickering Model No. 20-520/20-525 R.F. Matrix Module with Self-Test Designed & Manufactured by:- Pickering Interfaces Limited. Stephenson Road Clacton-on-Sea Essex CO15 4NL England Tel: 01255-428141 +44 1255-428141 (International) Fax: 01255-475058 +44 1255-475058 (International) Internet: www.pickering.co.uk E Mail: [email protected] Issue 2.00 June. 1996 © Copyright (1996) Pickering Interfaces Ltd. All Rights Reserved 20-520/20-525 pickering R.F. SWITCHING MATRIX MODULE 1 HELP!!! If you need assistance with your Pickering Interfaces Switching System: Switching problems, Programming or Integration within your Test System. – Please ring Pickering Interfaces and ask for “Technical Support”. Alternatively you may fax, email or connect to our Internet Web Site. A full set of operating manuals, application notes and software drivers is available on CD ROM. 20-520/20-525 pickering 2 SWITCHING MATRIX MODULE Contents Section 1 High Density Matrix Modules .................................................................................... -
Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L
Review Historical Perspectives of Development of Antique Analog Telephone Systems Vinayak L. Patil Trinity College of Engineering and Research, University of Pune, Pune, India Abstract—Long distance voice communication has been al- ways of great interest to human beings. His untiring efforts and intuition from many years together was responsible for making it to happen to a such advanced stage today. This pa- per describes the development time line of antique telephone systems, which starts from the year 1854 and begins with the very early effort of Antonio Meucci and Alexander Graham magnet core Bell and ends up to the telephone systems just before digiti- Wire 1Coil with permanent Wire 2 zation of entire telecommunication systems. The progress of development of entire antique telephone systems is highlighted in this paper. The coverage is limited to only analog voice communication in a narrow band related to human voice. Diaphragm Keywords—antique telephones, common battery systems, cross- bar switches, PSTN, voice band communication, voice commu- nication, strowger switches. Fig. 1. The details of Meucci’s telephone. 1. Initial Claims and Inventions Since centuries, telecommunications have been of great cally. Due to this idea, many of the scientific community interest to the human beings. One of the dignified per- consider him as one of the inventors of telephone [10]. sonality in the field of telecommunication was Antonio Boursuel used term “make and break” telephone in his Meucci [1]–[7] (born in 1808) who worked relentlessly for work. In 1850, Philip Reis [11]–[13] began work on tele- communication to distant person throughout his life and in- phone. -
The Panel Dial Telephone Switching System Douglas A. Kerr Issue 6 June 15, 2018
The panel dial telephone switching system Douglas A. Kerr Issue 6 June 15, 2018 ABSTRACT In the 1910s, AT&T, the parent of the Bell Telephone System, anxious to reduce the stupendous labor costs of manual telephone switching (especially in large metropolitan areas), and realizing that the most prominent available switching system (the Strowger system) had serious limitations of its use in such areas, undertook the development from the ground up of a switching system based on many entirely new concepts. This system, the panel dial switching system, came to be the mainstay of the Bell System’s program of mechanizing telephone service in many of the largest cities in the U.S. In this article, we will learn of the evolution of this system, of the unique mechanisms around which it revolves, and of the implications of its basic operational principle, known as common control. Considerable detail in system operation is given, although not usually at the circuit level, except where necessary to illustrate an important concept. 1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1.1 The telephone industry in 1910 By 1910, the telephone industry in the United States was well on the way to its “classical” structure, which existed until about 1984. The Bell Telephone System, owned by American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), was becoming the major force in the industry, and provided local telephone service in most of the nation’s largest cities (often after acquiring existing locally-owned telephone companies, sometime several competing ones in the same city, whose operations had to be harmonized and consolidated). In about 1907, AT&T adopted the slogan, “One Policy, One System, Universal Service”. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
Sensors and Transducers
Sensors and Transducers Sensors and Transducers Third edition Ian R. Sinclair OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Newnes An imprint ofButterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division ofReed Educational a nd Professional Publishing Ltd A member ofthe Reed Elsevier plc group First published by BSP Professional Books 1988 Reprinted by Butterworth-Heinemann 1991 Second edition published by Butterworth-Heinemann 1992 Third edition 2001 # I. R. Sinclair 1988, 1992, 2001 All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use ofthis publication) without the written permission ofthe copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions ofthe Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms ofa licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part ofthis publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN0750649321 Typeset by David Gregson Associates, Beccles, Su¡olk Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Preface to Third Edition vii Preface to First Edition ix Introduction xi 1 Strain and pressure 1 2 Position, direction, distance -
Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen. -
Reed Relaymate from Pickering Electronics
Reed RelayMate from Pickering Electronics Pickering Electronics Ltd. Tel (Int): +(44) 1255 428141 Stephenson Road Tel (UK): 01255 428141 Clacton-on-Sea E-Mail: [email protected] CO15 4NL United Kingdom © Copyright (2021) Pickering Electronics Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Pickering Electronics maintains a commitment to continuous product development, consequently we reserve the right to vary from the descriptions given in this catalogue. Edition 1b Reed RelayMate This book provides an overview of how reed relays work how they are constructed and how to interpret their specifications and make best use of them in their applications. It is intended to be a practical book about reed relays aimed at engineers. It requires little or no theoretical knowledge about the materials they are constructed from, all the issues are dealt with in a practical manner. With the information supplied in this book we hope users will better understand the efforts that go into designing what in principle is a simple component but which in practice is a complicated product full of engineering compromises and best value judgements. Created by the team at Pickering Electronics, April 2011 About Pickering Electronics Pickering Electronics was formed in January 1968 to design and manufacture high quality reed relays, intended principally for use in instrumentation and automatic test equipment. Pickering Electronics offer an extensive range of high quality instrumentation grade reed relays designed for applications requiring the highest levels of performance and reliability at an affordable price. Through the experience of supporting the most demanding manufacturers of large ATE systems with high relay counts the company has refined its assembly and quality control methods to optimise its manufacturing methods. -
A Study on Using Solid State Relay (SSR) in Automatic Test Equipment
As originally published in the IPC APEX EXPO Conference Proceedings. A Study on Using Solid State Relay (SSR) in Automatic Test Equipment Eric Xu, Agilent technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd. Abstract Reed relay is widely used in Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) for its high speed, low cost and wide availabilities. However, being mechanical relays, they have their share of limitations and this paper will try to address these challenges and explore alternatives such as solid state relays as replacement. Keywords: ATE, Reed Relay, Solid State Relay, Arcing, In-circuit Test, Relay switching matrix Introduction In Automatic Test Equipment (ATE), a switching device is required to connect to the Device under Test (DUT) for all sorts of testing, like shorts, pins, analog unpowered and powered tests. The switching needs to be constantly turned on and off with hundreds of millions of operations over the course of its life and endure high “turn-on” current. So far, reed relays fit this bill very well, compared to other mechanical relays, and have been commonly used in this industry for decades. (Figure 1 shows a reed relay and a PCBA.) Figure 1: Reed relays used in ATE equipment. However, reed relay gets its share of issues, the top ones are: 1. Contact Bounce and Arcing caused damage 2. Reliability and limited life expediency 3. Bulky and heavy. We will take a close look at the arcing issue. Bouncing and Arcing problems with Reed relays Armature and reed relay contacts “bounce” when they close. When closing, the contacts touch momentarily, making and breaking continuity, until finally remaining in the closed position. -
Reed Relaymate from Pickering Electronics
Reed RelayMate from Pickering Electronics Pickering Electronics Ltd. Tel (Int): +(44) 1255 428141 Stephenson Road Fax (Int): + (44) 1255 475058 Clacton-on-Sea Tel (UK): 01255 428141 CO15 4NL Fax (UK): 01255 475058 United Kingdom E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright (2011) Pickering Electronics Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Pickering Electronics maintains a commitment to continuous product development, consequently we reserve the right to vary from the descriptions given in this catalogue. Edition 1 Reed RelayMate Page ii Reed RelayMate This book provides an overview of how reed relays work how they are constructed and how to interpret their specifications and make best use of them in their applications. It is intended to be a practical book about reed relays aimed at engineers. It requires little or no theoretical knowledge about the materials they are constructed from, all the issues are dealt with in a practical manner. With the information supplied in this book we hope users will better understand the efforts that go into designing what in principle is a simple component but which in practice is a complicated product full of engineering compromises and best value judgements. Created by the team at Pickering Electronics, April 2011 About Pickering Electronics Pickering Electronics was formed in January 1968 to design and manufacture high quality reed relays, intended principally for use in instrumentation and automatic test equipment. Pickering Electronics offer an extensive range of high quality instrumentation grade reed relays designed for applications requiring the highest levels of performance and reliability at an affordable price. Through the experience of supporting the most demanding manufacturers of large ATE systems with high relay counts the company has refined its assembly and quality control methods to optimise its manufacturing methods. -
3. Relays Contents
3. Relays Contents 1 Relay 1 1.1 Basic design and operation ...................................... 1 1.2 Types ................................................. 2 1.2.1 Latching relay ......................................... 2 1.2.2 Reed relay ........................................... 3 1.2.3 Mercury-wetted relay ..................................... 3 1.2.4 Mercury relay ......................................... 3 1.2.5 Polarized relay ........................................ 4 1.2.6 Machine tool relay ...................................... 4 1.2.7 Coaxial relay ......................................... 4 1.2.8 Time delay .......................................... 4 1.2.9 Contactor ........................................... 4 1.2.10 Solid-state relay ........................................ 4 1.2.11 Solid state contactor relay ................................... 5 1.2.12 Buchholz relay ........................................ 5 1.2.13 Forced-guided contacts relay ................................. 5 1.2.14 Overload protection relay ................................... 6 1.2.15 Vacuum relays ........................................ 6 1.3 Pole and throw ............................................. 6 1.4 Applications .............................................. 7 1.5 Relay application considerations .................................... 8 1.5.1 Derating factors ........................................ 9 1.5.2 Undesired arcing ....................................... 9 1.6 Protective relays ........................................... -
DHY-04 Digital
HANDBOOK DHY-04 Digital TBU Single Freestanding Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & DHY-04 Analogue I/O With Ethernet Single Rackmount Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & DHY-04S Analogue I/O With Ethernet Twin Rackmount Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & DHY-04T Analogue I/O With Ethernet Manufacturers of audio & video products for radio & TV broadcasters DHY-04 Handbook For the latest Sonifex handbook information please visit the Sonifex website at www.sonifex.co.uk This handbook is for use with the following product: DHY-04 Single Freestanding Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & Analogue I/O With Ethernet DHY-04S Single Rackmount Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & Analogue I/O With Ethernet DHY-04T Twin Rackmount Automatic Digital TBU, AES/EBU & Analogue I/O With Ethernet ©Sonifex Ltd, 2018 All Rights Reserved Revision 1.06, May 2018 Sonifex Ltd, 61, Station Road, Irthlingborough, Northants, NN9 5QE, England. Tel: +44 (0)1933 650 700 Fax: +44 (0)1933 650 726 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sonifex.co.uk Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the vendor. Sonifex Ltd shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever arising from the use of information or any error contained in this manual. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser’s personal use, without the express written permission of Sonifex Ltd.