BENJAMIN BRITTEN WAR REQUIEM

Tuesday | November 4 | 8PM Musical Arts Center Two Hundred Twenty-Fifth Program of the 2014-15 Season ______Oratorio Chorus Philharmonic Orchestra University Children’s Choir Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem Op. 66

“My subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is pity. All a poet can do is to warn.” – Wilfred Owen

Words from the Missa pro Defunctis and the poems of Wilfred Owen

Michael Palmer, Conductor Betsy Burleigh, Chorus Master Brent Gault, Children’s Choir Conductor Megan Wilhelm, Soprano Christopher Sokołowski, Tenor Erik Krohg, Baritone

______Musical Arts Center Tuesday Evening November Fourth Eight O’Clock

music.indiana.edu I. Requiem aeternam Chorus Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine; Lord, grant them eternal rest; et lux perpetua luceat eis. and let the perpetual light shine apon them. Children’s Choir Te decet hymnus, Deus in Sion: Thou shalt have praise in Zion, of God: et tibi reddetur votum in Jerusalem; and homage shall be paid to thee in Jerusalem; exaudi orationem meam, hear my prayer, ad te omnis caro veniet. all flesh shall come before Thee. Chorus Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine; Lord, grant them eternal rest; et lux perpetua luceat eis. and let the perpetual light shine apon them. Tenor Solo What passing bells for these who die as cattle? Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons No mockeries for them from prayers or bells, Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,— The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells; And bugles calling for them from sad shires. What candles may be held to speed them all? Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes Shall shine the holy glimmers of good-byes. The pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall; Their flowers the tenderness of silent minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds. Chorus Kyrie eleison Lord, have mercy apon them Christe eleison Christ, have mercy apon them Kyrie eleison Lord, have mercy apon them

II. Dies irae Chorus Dies irae, dies illa, This day, this day of wrath Solvet saeclum in favilla: Shall consume the world in ashes, Teste David cum Sibylla. As foretold by David and Sibyl. Quantus tremor est futurus, What trembling there shall be Quando Judex est venturus, When the judge shall come Cuncta stricte discussurus! To weigh everything strictly. THE LAST SAVAGE Gian Carlo Menotti

NOVEMBER 8PM 8PM

14 7PM 15 8PM 20 21

TICKETS: Musical Arts Center Box OPERA Office: (812) 855-7433, or online THEATER 14/15 at music.indiana.edu/operaballet. Tuba mirum spargens sonum The trumpet, scattering its awful sound Per sepulchra regionum Across the graves of all lands Coget omnes ante thronum. Summons all before the throne. Mors stupebit et natura, Death and nature shall be stunned Cum resurget creatura, When mankind arises Judicanti responsura. To render account before the judge. Baritone Bugles sang, saddening the evening air; And bugles answered, sorrowful to hear. Voices of boys were by the river-side. Sleep mothered them; and left the twilight sad. The shadow of the morrow weighed on men. Voices of old despondency resigned, Bowed by the shadow of the morrow, slept. Soprano Liber scriptus proferetur, The written book shall be brought In quo totum continetur, In which all is contained Unde mundus judicetur. Whereby the world shall be judged. Judex ergo cum sedebit When the judge takes his seat Quidquid latet, apparebut: All that is hidden shall appear: Nil inultum remanebit. Nothing will remain unavenged. Chorus Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? What shall I, a wretch, say then? Quem patronem rogaturus, To which protector shall I appeal Cum vix justus sit securus? When even the just man is barely safe? Soprano and Chorus Rex tremendae majestatis, King of awful majesty, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Who freely savest those worthy of salvation, Salva me, fons pietatis. Save me, fount of pity. Tenor and Baritone Out there, we’ve walked quite friendly up to Death: Sat down and eaten with him, cool and bland, – Pardoned his spilling mess-tins in our hand. We’ve sniffed the green thick odour of his breath, – Our eyes wept, but our courage didn’t writhe. He’s spat at us with bullets and he’s coughed Shrapnel. We chorused when he sang aloft; We whistled while he shaved us with his scythe. Oh, Death was never enemy of ours! We laughed at him, we leagued with him, old chum. No soldier’s paid to kick against his powers. We laughed, knowing that better men would come, And greater wars; when each proud fighter brags He wars on Death—for Life; not men—for flags. Chorus Recordare Jesu pie, Remember, gentle Jesus, Quod sum causa tuae viae: That I am the reason for Thy time on earth, Ne me perdas illa die. Do not cast me out on that day. Quarens me, sedisti lassus: Seeking me, Thou didst sink down wearily, Redemisti crucem passus: Thou hast saved me by enduring the cross, Tantus labor non sit cassus: Such travail must not be in vain. Ingemisco, tamquam reus: I groan, like the sinner that I am, Culpa rubet vultus meus: Guilt reddens my face, Supplicanti parce Deus. Oh God spare the supplicant. Qui Mariam absolvisti, Thou, who pardoned Mary Et latronem exaudisti, And heeded the thief, Mihi quoque spem dedisti. Hast given me hope as well. Inter oves locum praesta, Give me a place among the sheep Et ab haedis me sequestra, And separate me from the goats, Statuens in parte dextra. Let me stand at Thy right hand. Confutatis maledictis, When the damned are cast away Flammis acribus addictis, And consigned to the searing flames, Voca me cum benedictis. Call me to be with the blessed. Oro supplex et acclinis Bowed down in supplication I beg Thee, Cor contritum quasi cinis My heart as though ground to ashes: Gere curam mei finis. Help me in my last hour. Baritone Be slowly lifted up, thou long black arm, Great gun towering toward Heaven, about to curse; Reach at that arrogance which needs thy harm, And beat it down before its sins grow worse; But when thy spell be cast complete and whole, May God curse thee, and cut thee from our soul! Chorus Dies irae, dies illa, This day, this day of wrath Solvet saeclum in favilla: Shall consume the world in ashes, Teste David cum Sibylla. As foretold by David and Sibyl. Quantus tremor est futurus, What trembling there shall be Quando Judex est venturus, When the judge shall come Cuncta stricte discussurus! To weigh everything strictly. Soprano and Chorus Lacrimosa dies illa, Oh this day full of tears Qua resurget ex favilla, When from the ashes arises Judicandus homo reus: Guilty man, to be judged: Huic ergo parce Deus. Oh Lord, have mercy upon him. Tenor Move him into the sun— Gently its touch awoke him once, At home, whispering of fields unsown. Always it woke him, even in France, Until this morning and this snow. If anything might rouse him now The kind old sun will know. Soprano and Chorus Lacrimosa dies illa... Oh this day full of tears... Tenor Think how it wakes the seeds – Woke, once, the clays of a cold star. Are limbs, so dear-acheived, are sides, Full-nerved—still warm—too hard to stir? Was it for this the clay grew tall? Soprano and Chorus ...Qua resurget ex favilla...... When from the ashes arises... Tenor Was it for this the clay grew tall? Soprano and Chorus ...Judicandus homo reus. ...Guilty man, to be judged. Tenor – O what made fatuous sunbeams toil To break earth’s sleep at all? Chorus Pie Jesu Domine, dona eis requiem. Gentle Lord Jesus, grant them rest. Amen. Amen.

III. Offertorium Children’s Choir Domine Jesu Christe, Rex gloriae, Lord Jesus Christ, King of glory, libera animas omnium fidelium deliver the souls of the faithful defunctorum de poenis inferni, departed from the pains of hell, et de profundo lacu: and the bottomless pit: libera eas de ore leonis, ne absorbeat eas deliver them from the jaw of the lion, lest hell tartarus, ne cadant in obscurum. engulf them, lest they be plunged into darkness. Chorus Sed signifer sanctus Michael But let the holy standard-bearer Michael repraesentet eas in lucem sanctam: lead them into the holy light Quam olim Abrahae promisisti, as Thou didst promise Abraham et semini ejus. and his seed. Tenor and Baritone So Abram rose, and clave the wood, and went, And took the fire with him, and a knife. And as they sojourned both of them together, Isaac the first-born spake and said, My Father, Behold the preparations, fire and iron, But where the lamb for this burnt-offering? Then Abram bound the youth with belts and straps, And builded parapets and trenches there, And streched forth the knife to slay his son. When lo! an angel called him out of heaven, Saying, Lay not thy hand upon the lad, Neither do anything to him. Behold, A ram, caught in a thicket by its horns; Offer the Ram of Pride instead of him. But the old man would not so, but slew his son, – And half the seed of Europe, one by one. Children’s Choir Hostias et preces tibi Domine Lord, in praise we offer to Thee laudis offerimus; sacrifices and prayers, do Thou receive them tu suscipe pro animabus illis, for the souls of those whom we remember quarum hodie memoriam facimus: this day: Lord, make them pass fac eas, Domine, de morte transire ad vitam. from death to life. Quam olim Abrahae promisisti As Thou didst promise Abraham en semini ejus. and his seed. Chorus ...Quam olim Abrahae promisisti ...As Thou didst promise Abraham et semini ejus. and his seed.

IV. Sanctus Soprano and Chorus Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus Holy, holy, holy Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Lord God of hosts. Pleni sunt ceoli et terra gloria tua, Heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in excelsis. Hosanna in the highest. Sanctus. Holy. Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Blessed is he who cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in excelsis. Hosanna in the highest. Sanctus. Holy. Baritone After the blast of lighning from the East, The flourish of loud clouds, the Chariot Throne; After the drums of Time have rolled and ceased, And by the bronze west long retreat is blown, Shall life renew these bodies? Of a truth All death will He annul, all tears assuage? – Fill the void veins of Life again with youth, And wash, with an immortal water, Age? When I do ask white Age he saith not so: “My head hangs weighed with snow.” And when I hearken to the Earth, she saith: “My fiery heart shrinks, aching. It is death. Mine ancient scars shall not be glorified, Nor my titanic tears, the sea, be dried.”

V. Agnus Dei Tenor One ever hangs where shelled roads part. In this war He too lost a limb, But His disciples hide apart; And now the Soldiers bear with Him. Chorus Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of the world, dona eis requiem. grant them rest. Tenor Near Golgatha strolls many a priest, And in their faces there is pride That they were flesh-marked by the Beast By whom the gentle Christ’s denied.

Chorus Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of the world, Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, grant them rest. dona eis requiem. Tenor The scribes on all the people shove and bawl allegiance to the state, Chorus Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi... Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of the world... Tenor But they who love the greater love Lay down their life; they do not hate. Chorus ...Dona eis requiem sempiternam. ...Grant them everlasting rest. Tenor Dona nobis pacem. Grant us peace. VI. Libera me Chorus Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna, Deliver me, O Lord, from eternal death in die illa tremenda: in that awful day Quando coeli movendi sunt et terra: when the heavens and earth shall be shaken Dum veneris judicare saeculum per ignem. when Thou shalt come to judge the world by fire. Soprano and Chorus Tremens factus sum ego, et timeo I am seized with fear and trembling, dum discussio venerit, atque ventura ira. until the trial shall be at hand and the wrath to come. Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna. Deliver me, O Lord, from eternal death. Quando coeli movendi sunt et terra. When the heavens and earth shall be shaken. Dies illa, dies irae, calamitatis That day, that day of wrath, of calamity et miseriae, dies magna et amara valde. and misery, a great day and exceeding bitter. Libera me, Domine. Deliver me, O Lord. Tenor It seemed that out of battle I escaped Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped Through granites which titanic wars had groined. Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned, Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred. Then, as I probed them, one sprang up, and stared With piteous recognition in fixed eyes, Lifting distressful hands as if to bless. And no guns thumped, or down the flues made moan. “Strange friend,” I said, “here is no cause to mourn.” Baritone “None,” said the other, “save the undone years, The hopelessness. Whatever hope is yours, Was my life also; I went hunting wild After the wildest beauty in the world, For by my glee might many men have laughed, And of my weeping something had been left, Which must die now. I mean the truth untold, The pity of war, the pity war distilled. Now men will go content with what we spoiled. Or, discontent, boil bloody, and be spilled. They will be swift with swiftness of the tigress, None will break ranks, though nations trek from progress. Miss we the march of this retreating world Into vain citadels that are not walled. Then, when much blood had clogged their chariot-wheels I would go up and wash them from sweet wells, Even from wells we sunk too deep for war, Even from the sweetest wells that ever were. I am the enemy you killed, my friend. I knew you in this dark; for so you frowned Yesterday through me as you jabbed and killed. I parried; but my hands were loath and cold. Let us sleep now...” Children’s Choir – Chorus – Soprano In paridisum deducant te Angeli; Into Paradise may the Angels lead thee: in tuo adventu suscipiant te Martyres, at thy coming may the Martyrs receive thee, et perducant te in civitatem sanctam Jerusalem. and bring thee into the holy city Jerusalem. Chorus Angelorum te suscipiat, May the Choir of Angels receive thee et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam and with Lazarus, once poor, habeas requiem. may thou have eternal rest. Children’s Choir Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine: Lord, grant them eternal rest, et lux perpetua luceat eis. and let the perpetual light shine upon them. Chorus In paradisum deducant etc. Into Paradise, etc. Soprano Chorus Angelorum, te suscipiat etc. May the Choir of Angels, etc. Tenor and Baritone Let us sleep now. Chorus Requiescant in pace. Amen. Let them rest in peace. Amen.

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Artist Biographies Conductor Michael Palmer has long been considered one of this country’s finest conductors. With a career spanning well over 40 years, he has performed with the greatest classical musicians in the world and has worked with many of America’s leading orchestras. He has given numerous international guest conducting appearances in China and Europe, where his performances have brought him critical acclaim. Palmer maintains a very active performing schedule and continues to lead the internationally recognized Bellingham Festival of Music in its pursuit of classical music excellence. He also balances his performing career by maintaining his position as the Charles Thomas Wurm Distinguished Professor of Orchestral Studies at Georgia State University School of Music and remains dedicated to preserving and promoting the achievements of classical music for tomorrow’s generation. Soloists Baritone Erik Krohg, a native of Bloomington, Minn., is an associate instructor of Voice at Indiana University, where he is pursuing his Master of Music in Voice Performance as a student of Timothy Noble. At Indiana, he has been heard as Schaunard in La Bohème and Captain Corcoran in H.M.S. Pinafore with the IU Opera Theater, and as the baritone soloist in Haydn’sPaukenmesse in a performance with the University Singers. Krohg earned a Bachelor of Music in Vocal Performance degree summa cum laude from Concordia College in Moorhead, Minn., where he studied with Peter Halverson. At Concordia, he was heard as Jesus in Bach’s St. Matthew Passion and as a baritone soloist in Carmina Burana. In 2011, Krohg performed as the baritone soloist in a performance of René Clausen’s Memorial with the Northern Symphony Orchestra with the composer conducting. He has performed in several productions with the Fargo-Moorhead Opera Company, including Il Barbiere di Siviglia, in which he sang the role of Fiorello. In 2013, he was an associate fellow at the Tanglewood Music Center, where he performed in Benjamin Britten’s Curlew River and Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas under the direction of Mark Morris and conducted by Stefan Asbury.

Tenor Christopher Sokołowski is a native of New York’s Hudson Valley and has performed a wide repertoire of both concert and operatic works. He has performed Orff’s Carmina Burana, Vaughan William’s On Wenlock Edge, Handel’s Messiah, Weber’s Jubelmesse, the Magnificats of J. S. Bach, J. C. Bach, and Vivaldi, Mendelssohn’s Elijah, Mozart’s Requiem, Vivaldi’s Dixit Dominus, Haydn’s Missa in tempore belli, and Handel’s Esther. In the summer of 2013, he was an artist with the Lyric Opera Studio of Weimar, Germany, where he performed the role of Tamino (Die Zauberflöte), and sang with the Thüringer Symphoniker under the baton of Oliver Weder. Other operatic roles include Alfred (Die Fledermaus), Le Mari (Les mamelles de Tirésias), the Witch (Hansel and Gretel), and Remendado (Carmen). In 2012 he premiered Six Songs on poems by Federico García Lorca by French composer Raphaël Lucas and most recently sang the role of Thiên Sì in the world premiere of P. Q. Phan’sTale of Lady Thi Kính with the Indiana University Opera Theater. He has been a featured artist with the Phoenicia International Festival of the Voice for several summers, most recently singing a concert of Baroque repertoire with countertenor Brian Asawa. In February, he will sing the role of Oronte in IU Opera Theater’s new production of Handel’s Alcina. Sokołowski earned his Bachelor’s degree magna cum laude from SUNY Purchase in 2013 and is currently an associate instructor of voice at Indiana University where he is pursuing his Master’s degree in the studio of Timothy Noble.

Megan Wilhelm, soprano, is in her first year of her Master of Music in Voice Perfomance studies at Indiana University. Her performance as the soprano soloist in the War Requiem marks her first performance at the Jacobs School of Music. During her undergraduate studies, she performed the roles of Second Lady in The Magic Flute at the University of Houston and the Milliner in Der Rosenkavelier at The Moores Opera Center. She was also a member and section leader for the internationally renowned Moores School Concert Chorale. From 2013-14, Wilhelm was a member of the Houston Grand Opera Chorus. She was also a participant and frequent soloist in the early music ensemble Zachow Consort and Players. In 2013, she attended Dolora Zajick’s Institute for Young Dramatic voices. She has been a featured Young Artist for the CoOperative program at Westminster Choir College and has participated in Le Chiavi di Bel Canto at the University of Houston. She recently participated in the Sankt Goar International Music Festival and Academy in Sankt Goar, Germany. Wilhelm is a student of Carol Vaness. Oratorio Chorus Betsy Burleigh, Chorus Master

Soprano

Anna Atkinson Gabrielle Gaudreault Kristin Olson Mallorie Bromer Vanessa Gehring Bailey Petersma Tabitha Burchett Briana Hall Kelsey Randall Amy Burgar Chelsea Hart Lacy Sauter Michaella Calzaretta Eliza- Marianthi Hatzis Keely Schmerber beth Campbell Brianna Holt Daisy Schoen Nai-Chia Chen Ji-Hye Kim Megan Sill Tiffany Choe Emily Klink Martha Sliva Kelly Christensen Lena Kornreich Synthia Steiman Ashley Chung Eunice Lee Samantha Thielen Carolyn Craig Mary Levering Nell Vandeveld Christina Dragnea Qi Li Maya Vansuch Cynthia Dretel Leah Martin Jessica Wolf Amanda Fish Elizabeth McConnaughey Amy Wooster Kara Duval-Fowler Kellie Motter Olivia Yokers Caroline Flett

Mezzo-Soprano

Simran Arora Afsah Veronica Jensen Christine Ngai Eliza Armistead Katherine Jones Chomchat Silarat Anne Chester Jaeeun Kim Jenna Stewart Bridget Conway Jihyun Kim Elizabeth Stoner Chelsea DeLorenz Sarah King Ann Marie Theis Taylor Del Vecchio Renny Ko Olivia Thompson Qin Fan Maria Krauter Carissa Tucker Sheh Feng Ng Naeun Lee Emily Vickers Amanda Fish Michael Linert Patricia Wallinga Livia Gho Hayley Lipke Janet Wang Rachel Goodman Mandy Lyons Yulin Yu Courtney Jameson Rebecca McDonough Tenor

Jared Arthur William Hall Christian Purdy Edward Atkinson Thomas Jackson Nicholas Quardokus Travis Bloom Brian Joy Issa Ransom Ryan Brunkhurst Alexander Hallenbeck James Reynolds Nicolas Chuaqui Gregory McClelland Curtis Smith Michael Day Daniel Miller Trenton Takaki Dominick DiOrio Paul Mortilla Phillip West Michael Gebhart Mark Phillips

Bass

Thomas Allen Nicholas Ho Peter Pendowski Steven Berlanga Oliver Hopkins Christopher Poovey Alex Blank Jeffrey Israel Rafael Porto Philip Borsellino Eric Jo Matthew Recio John Buchanan Michael Kim-Sheng Joshua Roeser HeeSeung Chae Stephen Komer Corey Rubin Ian Clarke Patrick Kuntz Kyle Schardt Ross Coughanour Andrew Laszlo Scott Scheetz Delong Ding Jaeho Lee Matthew Schnaars Jonathan Enari Jordan Lenchitz Arthur Shou Lucas Fletcher Daniel Mallampalli Christopher Seefeldt David Fraley James Maverick John Stender Miles Friday Eddie Mony Jacob Taylor Matthew Gerhardt John Nothaft Michael Wade Danny Hansen Bryce Patterson Jinghong Zhang David Harrison

University Children’s Choir Chamber Choir Brent Gault and Sarah Miller, Directors

Marielle Berin Margot Zsofia Leary Claire Przybyla Helen Christ Fiona Liberge Noel Rilea Nathaniel Cox-Thurmond Eleanor Lloyd Theresa Sherman Basia Bryan Olivia McDermott-Sipe Elah Unger Brittany Dobbins Niccolo Miles Emma Victor Grace Golden Briana Osmon Julia Victor Amelia Goswami Haley Paulin Kaitlyn Young Angelica Jarillo Naina Prabhakar Philharmonic Orchestra

Violin I Viola (cont.) Clarinet Percussion (cont.) Jenna Barghouti Daniel Wunderle Rajeesh Soodeen Devan Ellet Felix Chen Joshua Hunton Tianyu Zhang Nicholas Bruno Su Bin Shin Evan Robinson Keith Northover, E-Flat & Jacob Lipham Liam Mansfield Yonsung Lee Bass Ran Cheng Piano Maxwell Ramage Cello Bassoon Kyunghoon Kim Joseph Ohkubo Seungah Hong Stephanie Konchel Carlos Valbuena Nathanael Matthews Kevin Staggs Harmonium Camille Poon Kelly Knox Phillip Thomas,Contra Patrick Kronner Leslie Heinzen Diana Wuli Hyewon Yang Kamyron Williams Horn Chamber Ensemble Esther Roestan Carlo Garcia Marcus Redden Seung Mi Sun, Violin I Patricia Quintero Joseph Frank Mitchell McCrady Elan Sapir, Violin II Michael Romans Isaac Bovyer Adrienne Schroeder Erik Thorstensen,Viola Sungah Kim Kyungwook Min Collin Findlay Lindy Tsai, Cello Matthew Genders Chris Neiner Kaelan Decman, Double Violin II Sara Song Sonia Villanueva Bass Sujin Lim Michael Digatono Kayla Faurie, Flute & Mariana Cottier-Bucco Bass Piccolo Arthur Masyuk Jon McCullough-Benner Trumpet Jeremy Curtis, Oboe & Yung-Yu Lin Clark Brown Andrew Lott English Horn Jihye Choi Andrew Chilcote Clare Hogan Elise Bond, Clarinet Gabriela Peña-Kim Christopher Kim Jacob Hook Virginia Rice, Bassoon Emily Acri Mathew Burri Shannon Walsh Eleni Georgiadis, Horn Jisun Lee Ian Nehera Mitchell Beck, Timpani & Hannah Price Jared Boles Trombone Percussion Ye Rin Hong Joseph Tyksynski Stephanie Lebens Anna McNulty, Harp Katelyn Kozinski Stewart Rhodes Katherine Kobylarz Flute Logan Bloom Orchestra Manager Nathaniel Shapiro Marco Núñez Brennan Johns Paul Hauer Aviva Hakanoglu Robin Meiksins Mark Hatlestad, Ass’t. Felice Doynov, Piccolo Tuba Viola Haiyu Wang Orchestra Set-Up Haojian Wang Oboe Mark Hatlestad Deanna Said Kathleen Carter Timpani Gabriela Peña-Kim Michael Sinni Sarah Dohanich Erich Rieppel Emily Acri Caleb Wong Mylie Payne, English Christopher Kim Gabriel Polycarpo Horn Percussion Mark Hatlestad Tyler Kennamer Librarian Andrew Riley Mariel Stauff