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Recovery of Meagre (Argyrosomus Regius) Population in the Balearic Coastal Ecosystem (Western Mediterranean)

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Recovery of Meagre (Argyrosomus Regius) Population in the Balearic Coastal Ecosystem (Western Mediterranean) Recovery of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) population in the Balearic coastal ecosystem (Western Mediterranean). PhD Thesis By: María del Mar Gil Oviedo Advisors: Dra. Amalia Grau Jofre & Dr. Miquel Palmer Vidal University Advisor: Dr. Gabriel Moyà Niell Department of Biology University of the Balearic Islands, September 2013 Recovery of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) population in the Balearic coastal ecosystem (Western Mediterranean) is a Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD by María del Mar Gil Oviedo María del Mar Gil Oviedo (PhD Candidate) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of PhD Dr. Miquel Palmer Vidal (Co-Advisor) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of PhD Dra. Amalia Grau Jofre (Co-Advisor) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of PhD Dr. Gabriel Moyà Niell (University Advisor) Approved for the University Committee on graduate studies Esta Tesis ha sido financiada durante los primeros cuatro años por una beca FPI-INIA enmarcada en el proyecto (RTA-2007 00033-C02-01) “Engorde experimental de corvina, en jaulas marinas. Estudio de las patologías del engorde” y el último año por el proyecto (RTA-2011 00056-C02-00) “La repoblación como herramienta complementaria para la gestión de recursos marinos. Diseño racional y control de calidad en el caso de la corvina (Argyrosomus regius)” a través de un contrato laboral. El trabajo se ha desarrollado en la Unidad Asociada LIMIA-IMEDEA, en el Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura (LIMIA, Govern de les Illes Balears) bajo la supervisión de la Dra. Amalia Grau, y en el Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB) bajo la supervisión del Dr. Miguel Palmer. Acknowledgements – Agradecimientos Durante los últimos cinco años he estado trabajando a tiempo completo en el desarrollo de esta Tesis y en todo momento he procurado hacerlo con todo el cariño y esfuerzo posible. Sin embargo, este trabajo no habría sido posible sin la ayuda y colaboración de un buen número de personas. Me gustaría disculparme de antemano si olvido a alguna de ellas en las próximas líneas. En primer lugar quiero agradecer a mis directores, Miquel y Amalia, porque sin ellos esta Tesis no hubiera sido posible. Me gustaría agradecer la ayuda y el ánimo que me han prestado a lo largo de todo este trabajo, especialmente la dura recta final. Además de sus consejos, sugerencias y aportaciones siempre constructivas. Quiero expresar mi más sincero agradecimiento a mis compañeros del LIMIA, Inma, Quique, Elena, Guillermo, Juanita y Jose Mª, porque sin su ayuda, ánimo y apoyo esta Tesis no habría sido posible. Gracias también a mi otra familia, el Grupo de Ecología de Peces del IMEDEA, Silvia, Carlos, Pep, Cabanellas, Itzi, Ignaci y Beatriz, que me han acogido como uno más del grupo durante este último año. Además, quiero agradecer a todos aquellos que han aportando su granito de arena con su ayuda y colaboración, especialmente a los chicos/as de prácticas, Toni, Jaime, Inés, Ricardo, por su contagiosa alegría y entusiasmo. I really want to thank all great people I met in the Austevoll Research Station (Havforskningsinstituttet), Sissel, Trine, Anders, Cathinka and many others, who let me enjoy a wonderful stay in Norway. Tusen takk! That experience will always remain in my memories. Also, because I could establish good friendships, merci Bérenger! arigatou Yuichi! Quiero dar las gracias a los compañeros de la Dirección General de Pesca, Toni Grau y los vigilantes de las reservas, que en tantas ocasiones han colaborado en este proyecto. Oli, Biel, muchas gracias por detectar todas esas corvinas en lonja! Me gustaría dar las gracias también a Andreu, Marco, Ariadna y Piluca que, junto a Salud, me iniciaron en el estudio de los isótopos estables. Gracias por vuestra ayuda y paciencia! Y en general agradecer a todos y cada uno de los investigadores (y buenos amigos) que he conocido gracias a este proyecto. 7 También agradecer a todos los pescadores, profesionales y recreativos, que han colaborado en este proyecto reportando la información de las corvinas capturas, porque realmente esta Tesis no existiría sin ellos. Gracias Joaquín, ojalá todos fueran como tú! Agradecer a todos mis amigos que tanto me han apoyado durante toda mi vida: mis amigas del cole, Arantxa, Biel, Aida, Bea,… Y especialmente Inma, que aparece por partida doble porque su ayuda también ha sido doble, a nivel laboral pero sobretodo a nivel personal. Gracias amiga! Por último, y precisamente los más importantes, mi familia. Quiero agradecer a mis padres, por haberme apoyado en todos los aspectos de mi vida y haberme animado a que siguiera mi camino. A mis hermanas, Marta y Anabel, por su apoyo y cariño. Y Jaime, por soportarme todos los días y por quererme tanto. 8 Table of Contents 9 Acknowledgements – Agradecimientos ........................................................................... 7 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. 9 SECTION I – Abstract – Resumen................................................................................. 13 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 14 Resumen ..................................................................................................................... 17 SECTION II – Lists ........................................................................................................ 21 List of tables ............................................................................................................... 22 List of figures ............................................................................................................. 24 SECTION III – Chapter 1. Introduction ......................................................................... 29 1.1 The meagre: Argyrosomus regius..................................................................... 31 1.2 Status of meagre populations ............................................................................ 38 1.3 The restocking programs as a management tool .............................................. 42 1.4 Objectives of the PhD thesis ............................................................................. 47 SECTION IV – Methods used for produce, tagging, release and recapture .................. 49 Chapter 2. Hormonal spawning induction and larval rearing of meagre.................... 51 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 52 2.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 53 2.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 57 2.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 3. Optimizing production of meagre juveniles ............................................. 65 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 66 3.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 68 3.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 74 3.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 78 Chapter 4. Evaluation of different methods for tagging meagre juveniles ................. 85 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 86 4.2 Material and Methods ....................................................................................... 89 10 4.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 97 4.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 102 SECTION V – Monitoring meagre recaptures ............................................................. 109 Chapter 5. Dispersion and movement pattern of released juveniles......................... 111 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 112 5.2 Materials and Methods ................................................................................... 114 5.3 Results ............................................................................................................ 121 5.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 131 Chapter 6. Feeding adaptation of released hatchery-reared meagres into the wild .. 137 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 138 6.2 Materials and Methods ................................................................................... 139 6.3 Results ...........................................................................................................
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