Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Ehtnobotanical Plants for Parturition
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Can the Ayurvedic Pippali Plant (Piper Longum L.) Be a Good Option for Livelihood and Socio-Economic Development for Indian Farmers?
GENERAL ARTICLES Can the Ayurvedic pippali plant (Piper longum L.) be a good option for livelihood and socio-economic development for Indian farmers? Padma Raj Gajurel*, Soyala Kashung, Sisibaying Nopi, Robert Panmei and Binay Singh The pippali of Ayurveda botanically known as Piper longum L. is one of the economically valued plants, the fruits and roots of which are used widely in the preparation of traditional herbal medi- cines as well as in various modern drugs. The Ayurvedic medicine system has been heavily depen- dent on its use since time immemorial. Dried or powdered forms of the fruits and roots are sold at Rs 350 to 3000 per kg, at the national and international markets. Supply of the raw materials is still dependent on the wild source as the existing cultivation and management practices are not ade- quate to fulfill the demand. If utilized, it may become one of the most important components of agroforestry systems in the tropical and subtropical warm humid climate of the country that may generate up to approximately Rs 130,000 as an additional income to the farmers. Keywords: Agroforestry, cultivation techniques, livelihood, market demand, pippali. WITH the fast-paced development worldwide, there is an wide range of medicinal values and high potentiality of increase in the outbreak of many diseases. As humans industrial application, the species has not been managed continue to depend on synthetic drugs, there has been a properly. The climatic conditions of the Northeast and realization and renewed interest in plant-based medicines. Southern plateau of India provide the best habitats for the With the recent spurt in demand for medicinal plants luxuriant growth of the species. -
Title Slide. I Want to Thank Dave Watson for Inviting Me to Talk at This Symposium
Title Slide. I want to thank Dave Watson for inviting me to talk at this Symposium. It’s always a pleasure to speak to an audience that is already pre- selected as being interested in mistletoes! 1 Slide. Studies of Loranthaceae. The largest family of mistletoes is Loranthaceae. And as one might expect, it has been the subject of many scientific studies. This slide shows a variety of subdisciplines within biology that have focused on Loranthaceae, as well as a few areas that to date have not received any attention. 2 Slide. My talk today will focus upon the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of Loranthaceae. As indicated in the title, I want to demonstrate how developing a meaningful taxonomy for a group is best accomplished using the most powerful tool in the systematist’s toolkit: molecular phylogenetics. 3 Slide. Santalales: The Largest Group of Parasitic Plants. Among the twelve orders of flowering plants in which haustorial parasitism evolved, only two have more than three genera: Lamiales and Santalales. Of these, Lamiales contains a single family of hemi- and holoparasitic plants: Orobanchaceae with 93 genera (32%) and 1725 species (39%). Santalales is the largest order of parasitic plants, with 179 genera (61%) and 2407 species (54%). It’s the only order of parasitic plant with more than one family. 4 Slide. Within Santalales, Loranthaceae has by far the highest number of genera (75) with Balanophoraceae coming in second (17). 5 Slide. Loranthaceae also the highest number of species (987) with Viscaceae and Thesiaceae coming in second and third. 6 Slide. This slide has sorted the loranth genera according to size (number of species). -
444730Wp0box321t0marketing0
44473 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Medicinal Plant Marketing in Bangladesh Grahame Dixie Public Disclosure Authorized Syed Ali Imam Md. Jahangir Hussain December 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized SDC Contents Page Preface i Summary ii Acknowledgements v Glossary vi 1. Introduction 1 2. Existing Situation 4 2.1 Estimated Size of the Herbal Medicine Sector and its demand for Medicinal Plants as Raw Material…… 4 2.2 Medicinal Plant Supply Chain…… 8 2.3 Medicinal Plants and the Bangladeshi Economy…… 11 2.4 Important Medicinal Plant Species…… 11 2.5 Herbal Medicines…… 13 3. Future Influences 15 3.1 The Future Influence of Government Policy…… 15 3.2 Future Influences of Commercial Factors…… 16 3.3 Future Influences of the Supply Chain……. 16 4. Future Demand for Medicinal Plant Materials 18 4.1 Future Demand for Medicinal Plant Materials…… 18 4.2 Species Prioritisation by the Trade…… 20 5. Possible Interventions 21 5.1 Possible Product Interventions…… 21 5.2 Potential Project Interventions…… 26 Annexes: 1. Species List 2. Product Profiles 3. Projections for the Demand of Individual Important Medicinal Species Appendix: 1. Interview Schedules for Processors, Wholesalers & Traders 2. Contact List PREFACE The South Asia Enterprise Development Facility (SEDF) and Intercooperation (IC) recently entered into a partnership to contribute to the development of a sustainable and dynamic medicinal plant sector in Bangladesh. This study on ‘Medicinal Plant Marketing in Bangladesh’ is a result of this partnership. The medicinal plant sector is growing rapidly and efforts need to be taken to understand the needs and prospects of the producers, processors and consumers alike. -
Plant Press, Vol. 22, No. 4
THE PLANT PRESS Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium New Series - Vol. 22 - No. 4 October-November 2019 Parasitic plants: Important components of biodiversity By Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz arasitic organisms are generally viewed in a negative way itats. Only a few parasitic plants yield economically impor- because of their ability to “steal” resources. However, tant products such as the sandalwood, obtained from the Pthey are biologically interesting because their depend- tropical shrub Santalum album (order Santalales). Other pro- ency on hosts for survival have influenced their behavior, mor- ducts are local and include traditional medicines, food, and phology, and genomes. Parasites vary in their degree of crafts like “wood roses”. Many parasites are also considered necessity from a host, ranging from being partially independent agricultural pests as they can impact crops and timber plan- (hemiparasitic) to being complete dependent (holoparasitic). tations. Some parasites can live independently, but if they find potential It is difficult to describe a typical parasitic plant because hosts, they can use them to supplement their nutritional needs they possess a wide diversity of growth habits such as trees, (facultative parasitism). terrestrial or aerial shrubs, vines, and herbs. The largest Parasitism is not a phenomenon unique to animals, as there Continued on page 2 are plants parasitic to other plants. Current biodiversity esti- mates indicate that approximately 4,700 species of flowering Tropical mistletoes are very plants are parasitic, which account for about 1.2% of the total inferred number of plant species in the world. About half of the diverse but still poorly known. -
The Mistletoes a Literature Review
THE MISTLETOES A LITERATURE REVIEW Technical Bulletin No. 1242 June 1961 U.S. DEi>ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE THE MISTLETOES A LITERATURE REVIEW by Lake S. Gill and Frank G. Hawksworth Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Forest Service Growth Through Agricultural Progress Technical Bulletin No. 1242 June 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D.C For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price 35 cents Preface striking advances have been made in recent years in the field of plant pathology, but most of these investigations have dealt with diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. In contrast, progress toward an understanding of diseases caused by phanerogamic parasites has been relatively slow. Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) and broom rape {Orohanche spp.) are well-known parasites of agri- cultural crops and are serious pests in certain localities. The recent introduction of witchweed (Striga sp.) a potentially serious pest for corn-growing areas, into the United States (Gariss and Wells 1956) emphasizes the need for more knowledge of phanerogamic parasites. The mistletoes, because of their unusual growth habits, have been the object of curiosity for thousands of years. Not until the present century, however, has their role as damaging pests to forest, park, orchard, and ornamental trees become apparent. The mistletoes are most abundant in tropical areas, but they are also widely distributed in the temperate zone. The peak of destructive- ness of this family seems to be reached in western North America where several species of the highly parasitic dwarfmistletoes (Arceuthobium spp,) occur. -
Mistletoes of North American Conifers
United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ. -
Eocene Loranthaceae Pollen Pushes Back Divergence Ages for Major Splits in the Family
Eocene Loranthaceae pollen pushes back divergence ages for major splits in the family Friðgeir Grı´msson1,*, Paschalia Kapli2, Christa-Charlotte Hofmann1, Reinhard Zetter1 and Guido W. Grimm1,3,* 1 Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria 2 The Exelixis Lab, Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany 3 Orle´ans, France * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background: We revisit the palaeopalynological record of Loranthaceae, using pollen ornamentation to discriminate lineages and to test molecular dating estimates for the diversification of major lineages. Methods: Fossil Loranthaceae pollen from the Eocene and Oligocene are analysed and documented using scanning-electron microscopy. These fossils were associated with molecular-defined clades and used as minimum age constraints for Bayesian node dating using different topological scenarios. Results: The fossil Loranthaceae pollen document the presence of at least one extant root-parasitic lineage (Nuytsieae) and two currently aerial parasitic lineages (Psittacanthinae and Loranthinae) by the end of the Eocene in the Northern Hemisphere. Phases of increased lineage diversification (late Eocene, middle Miocene) coincide with global warm phases. Discussion: With the generation of molecular data becoming easier and less expensive every day, neontological research should re-focus on conserved 16 December 2016 Submitted morphologies that can be traced through the fossil record. The pollen, representing Accepted 4May2017 Published 7 June 2017 the male gametophytic generation of plants and often a taxonomic indicator, can be such a tracer. Analogously, palaeontological research should put more effort Corresponding authors Friðgeir Grı´msson, into diagnosing Cenozoic fossils with the aim of including them into modern [email protected] systematic frameworks. -
A Brief Taxonomic History of Neotropical Mistletoe Genera, with a Key to the Genera
Blumea 58, 2013: 263–266 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651913X676664 A brief taxonomic history of neotropical mistletoe genera, with a key to the genera J. Kuijt1 Key words Abstract A brief chronological account is provided of the discovery and recognition of the genera of the New World mistletoes, with a key to the genera. generic history mistletoes Published on 11 December 2013 Neotropics When European botanists were first faced with mistletoes of and later placed in Santalaceae by Bentham (1880), but was the New World they interpreted them, not surprisingly, within earlier recognized as representing a distinct American family the framework of the mistletoes they knew from their own (Agard 1858). continent. The new discoveries were thus initially placed in No additional American genera appeared in print until 1868, either Loranthus Jacq. or Viscum L. It was to be a long time when Eichler published his monumental account of Brazilian before it was realized that neither of these genera occur in the mistletoes, an account that also contained much information New World, and that a fresh look was needed; even Bentham concerning other neotropical countries. It is difficult not to have (1880), for example, continued to place all Loranthaceae (in the greatest admiration for Eichler’s contribution, especially the modern sense) in Loranthus, with the singular exception of since it was the only contribution to mistletoe taxonomy he the extraordinary Australian genus Nuytsia R.Br. published; a century and a half later, it is still necessary to The first New World mistletoe recognized (and illustrated) as consult its contents in our work. -
Haustorium #57, July 2010
HAUSTORIUM 57 July 2010 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter ISSN 1944-6969 Official Organ of the International Parasitic Plant Society (http://www.parasiticplants.org/) July 2010 Number 57 CONTENTS Page Message from the IPPS President (Jim Westwood)....………………………………………………………………2 Rafflesia in the Philippines: an era of discovery (Dan Nickrent)…………………….……………………………...2 Literature highlights: Evidence for nuclear theft (Ken Shirasu)……………………………...................................................................4 Cellular interactions at the host-parasite and pollen-pistil interfaces in flowering plants (Chris Thorogood)…………………………………………………….............................5 Obituary: Alfred M. Mayer (1926-2010) (Danny Joel)……………………………………..…………………………..…..6 Congratulations: Bristol botanist (Chris Thorogood) wins Linnean Society prize …………………………………………...……7 News: Striga quarantine lifted in South Carolina after a half century (Jim Westwood and Al Tasker)…………………7 Press releases: Affordable solution to costly pests (‘push-pull’/ stalk-borer/ Striga )…………………………………………..….8 Drought-tolerant and Striga-resistant maize for Ghana……………………………………………………..….…9 New varieties to boost maize output in West and Central Africa…………………………………..……………..9 Striga-resistant varieties to boost sorghum yields………………………………………………………………....9 Nigerian scientists introduce two new cowpea varieties…………………………………………………………10 Africa: scientists develop drought-resistant cowpea……………………………………………………………..10 Wetlands organization says rival group’s planting of parasite akin to a ‘restoration -
Dissecting the Contributions of Dispersal and Host Properties to the Local Abundance of a Tropical Mistletoe
Journal of Ecology doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12795 Dissecting the contributions of dispersal and host properties to the local abundance of a tropical mistletoe Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz*,1 , Aaron Gonzalez-Castro 1,2, Suann Yang3, Claude W. dePamphilis1 and Tomas A. Carlo1,4 1Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 2Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC), Calle Astrofısico Francisco Sanchez 3, E38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; 3Biology Department, State University of New York Geneseo, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA; and 4Ecology Intercollege Graduate Degree Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Summary 1. The interplay between dispersal and adaptation to local environments ultimately determines the distribution of plant species, but their relative contribution remains little understood. Tropical mistle- toes provide the opportunity to dissect these contributions of dispersal and adaptation, because as hemiparasitic plants, they are typically adapted to grow on a handful of species within diverse tropi- cal communities and are non-randomly dispersed by mutualistic frugivorous birds. 2. Here we hypothesized that the primary determinant of the abundance of a tropical mistletoe (Den- dropemon caribaeus, Loranthaceae) in Puerto Rico will be the compatibility between the mistletoe and plant species in a community. Alternatively, the mistletoe’s abundance could be primarily shaped by other factors such as the availability of potential host plants, or factors that determine how mistletoe seeds are dispersed by avian frugivores. We conducted surveys and experiments to assess the capacity of this mistletoe to grow on trees available in the local community, and mea- sured the monthly phenology and seed dispersal patterns of the mistletoe and other bird-dispersed plants in the community over a period of 4 years. -
Antimicrobial Activity of Piper Fruits
Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 6(2), 2007, pp.111-113 Research Article Antimicrobial activity of Piper fruits Mohib Khan* and Mustafa Siddiqui Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry MESCO College of Pharmacy Hyderabad -500 006, Andhra Pradesh, India *Correspondent author, E-mail: [email protected] Received 11 March 2006; Accepted 12 January 2007 Abstract In this study an attempt is made to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of various extracts of fruits of different Piper. species available in the Aurangabad-Marathwada (Maharashtra State) region. Twenty eight extracts prepared from the fruits of four species, viz. Piper cubeba Linn. f., P. retrofractum Vahl syn. P. chaba Hunter non Blume, P. longum Linn. and P. nigrum Linn. were evaluated against bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus albus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium and one fungus, Aspergillus niger. Compared to Streptomycin all the extracts exhibited a good antibacterial activity. Some of the extracts showed antifungal activity as well. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Piper fruits, Piper cubeba, Piper retrofractum, Piper longum, Piper nigrum. IPC code; Int. cl.8— A61K 36/00, A61K 36/67, A61P 31/00 Introduction agent9. Scientists have received US patent Piper Linn., belonging to family on obtaining a diabetes mellitus 10 Piperaceae is a very large genus of shrub, therapeutic agent from P. longum . Piper longum rarely herbs and trees, distributed P. nigrum is used as nervine tonic, throughout the tropical and sub-tropical and in the treatment of constipation, Materials and Methods regions of the world. About 30 species of itching and flatulence11. Some of the the genus in India and 700 species in the Piper species contain a piperidine Collection of fruits and world have been reported, of which, type alkaloid, piperine, which is microorganisms P. -
Fonenol, the Main Constituent of the Essential Oil of the Leaf of Piper
American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products 2018; 6(1): 16-19 ISSN: 2321-9114 AJEONP 2018; 6(1): 16-19 Fonenol, the main constituent of the essential oil of the © 2018 AkiNik Publications Received: 10-11-2017 leaf of Piper longum L Accepted: 12-12-2017 Le D Hieu Le D Hieu, Tran M Hoi, Tran D Thang, Olanrewaju I Eresanya and (A). Vinh Medical University, Isiaka A Ogunwande Vinh City, Nghean Province, Vietnam (B). Institute of Ecology and Abstract Biological Resources, In this paper, the compounds identified from the essential oil of the leaf of Piper longum L. are Vietnam Academy of Science and described. The essential oil which was hydrodistilled from the air-dried leaf of P. longum was Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc characterized for the constituents by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam coupled to mass spectrometry GC-MS). The yield of the colorless essential oil was 0.12% (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. The main constituent of the oil was fonenol (40.5%). The chemical Tran M Hoi compositions of the studied oil sample were considerably different from data observed from other Institute of Ecology and samples around the world. Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Keywords: Piper longum, essential oil, sesquiterpene, fonenol Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Introduction Tran D Thang In our previous communications [1, 2], we reported the chemical compounds identified in the Faculty of Chemistry, Vinh essential oils from the leaves of some Piper plants grown in Vietnam.