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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83349-3 - Religion and the Book in Early Modern England: The Making of Foxe’s ‘Book of Martyrs’ Elizabeth Evenden and Thomas S. Freeman Index More information

Index

Acts and Monuments 1–2 chronological order 173–4 and capabilities of book production 31–2 chronological scope, increase of 139, 145–6 catalyst for development of book industry 2 citation of documents on pre-Lutheran demand for, and sales 321–2, 344–5 Protestantism 139–40 durability and influence of 320–1 sources for 148–9, 157–8 monopolies of, changes in 322, 338 Continental sources 140–2 see also Acts and Movements, first, second, third, dating of 183 fourth, and later editions deletions from 164–5 Acts and Monuments (first) edition and cross-references 173–5 announcement of in A Friendly Farewell 100 hand corrections 177–8 calendar of martyrs 126 separate locations of accounts of same role of Day in 126–7 person 174 casting off errors 117 effect of law on foreign workmen 163–4 choice of language for 102 expiry of patents 163 collaboration between Foxe and Day 100–1 extension of manuscript sources 142–3 cost and dissemination of 125 Golden Legend, precedent of Day’s involvement in illustrations 127 225–6 insertion of mislaid material 119–20 marginal notes 178 and Letters of the Martyrs 131–4 and syllogisms 178–83 material acquisition during printing incorporation of new material 129 process 119 Papal Bull, response to 183–4, 214–15 insertion of extra sheets 119 anti-papal woodcuts 215–17 pagination 121 paper, miscalculation of needs 164, insertion of additional material 121–2, 124 165–6, 167 printing 105 personal testimony, increase in 143–4 pressure to begin 116 condemnation and justification 144–5 sources for: planned Appendix for 166 account of Ottoman Empire 80, 81 preparation for 135 archival sources and sales of 1st edition 136 in Coventry and Lichfield 108–9 unprecedented size of 184 in London 107–8 Acts and Monuments (third edition) in Norwich 106–7 additions to 263 Bibliander’s translation of Qu’ran 81–2 oral sources 264–5 Jean Crespin’s work 110 changes from 2nd edition 262–3 local informants 105–6 contributions from fellows of and Pantaleon 98 King’s 269–70 translation of Latin documents 87 Fleming’s letter 268–9 typesetting problems with conclusion 120–1 improvements to 270–1, 274 Acts and Monuments (second) edition poor physical quality of 274–5 Catholic attacks on 1st edition removal of Dee’s name 265, 266, 267 137–8 and Dee’s relationship with Day 267–8 374

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83349-3 - Religion and the Book in Early Modern England: The Making of Foxe’s ‘Book of Martyrs’ Elizabeth Evenden and Thomas S. Freeman Index More information

Index 375

reprinted woodcuts 274–41 Alcock, John, contradictions in Acts and significance of 276–7 Monuments 309–10 see also Day, Richard Alesius, Alexander 176 Acts and Monuments (fourth edition) friendship with Bale 74 alteration and corrections from earlier editions, and Rerum 86 lack of 302–4 Alfield, Thomas, execution of 30 calendar of Protestant martyrs 302 Allin, Edmund 174 costs of 305–6 account of escape 303 and Day’s failing health 308 Allin, Rose 210 and cross-references 310–11 Anglo-Saxon characters, in Testimony of dedication to Elizabeth 286 Antiquity 160, 164 deletions from earlier editions 304 Anglo-Saxon Gospels 238 and history of Elizabeth 295 and doctrines of pre-Conquest English informants, use of 298, 299–300 church 239–40 appendix 300–1, 307 anti-papalism, in illustrations Stephen Gardiner’s death 299 207, 215–17 new archival material 297 apatheia, expected of true martyrs 211 Patmore, Thomas, account of 297–8 Archer, I.W. 155 quality of 307–8 Ariosto, Ludovico, correction of his own removal of promise of appendix 307 proofs 24 reprinting of earlier omissions 301 Askew, Anne, illustration of execution 190, 193, supply of paper for 306–7 195, 209 Victorian edition, basis for 311 Aston, M. 201, 203, 226 Acts and Monuments (later editions) Aylmer, John, and Rerum 84 abridgements and 7th edition 329–30 additions to 6th edition 325–6 Bale, John 32, 317 additions to 8th edition 334–5 and authorship of Acts and Monuments appeal of 335 123–4, 346 financing of, authorship of St Ulric letter 151 5th edition 323 and Carye’s collection 153 6th edition 324–5 Catalogus 43, 47 7th edition 326 denunciations of Becket 122 increased price of 330–1 essential to Acts and Monuments 141 and sales 331–2 death of 124 9th edition through subscriptions 336–7 examination of Sir John Oldcastle 111 and readership 337 Fasciculi Zizaniorum 40–1, 48 gap in 18th century before next edition 338 annotations to 42–3, 51 and abridgements 339–40 and Matthias Flacius 73–6 affordability of 342 friendship with Foxe 38–9 and commercial success 341–2 intellectual influence over 41 publication by subscription and in influence on Foxe’s interpretation of instalments 342–3 history 78–9 see also Hart and Lewis; Fuller; Trapp; Hogg hostility to Polydore Vergil 48–50 modernisation of 9th edition 337 life of 39 political motivation for 7th edition 326–7 and Magdeburg Centuriators 78 printing of 7th edition 327–8 manuscripts of 147 prospect of Catholic King, and 9th and Oldcastle illustration 201 edition 336 and Reginald Pecock 46 sales of 5th edition 323–4 residence in Basle 71 and Stationers’ Company’s involvement with and Foxe’s move to Basle 63 7th edition 330 and sources for Foxe’s Rerum 86–7 support from Long Parliament for 8th and Tyndale’s Practice of prelates 246 edition 334 and Walsingham’s chronicles 46 Aelfric, Abbot, sermon in Testimony of writing style 48 Antiquity 150 and Foxe 50

376 Index

Barbier, Nicholas, and French translation of letters of Marian martyrs 129–30 Rerum 94–5 Luther’s commentary on ﬁfteen psalms 254, 255 Barebon, John, expulsion from Magdalen 282 role of female Protestants 212 Barker, Christopher Bullinger, Heinrich ownership of presses 8–9 and Gratulatio 98 printing of De oliva evangelica 279 interpretation of Revelation 317 and John Wolfe’s piracy 294 and Rerum 94, 95 Barkham, John, printing errors 24–5 letters from Foxe 73, 94 Barnes, Robert 243 letter from Parkhurst 124 conservative theology of 244 Bunyan, John Latin composition in Whole Works 246 impact of images from Acts and Monuments Baronio, Cesare 25 187–9 Barwick, Thomas, contributions to 3rd on Luther’s commentary on Galatians 254 edition 269 Burks, D. 228 Bateman, Stephen, A Crystal Glass of Christian Burton, Nicholas 206 Reformation 160 Bynneman, Henry, estate of 7 illustrations in 195 Bauckham, R. 79 Campion, Edmund 281 Becke, Edmund, and Becke’s Bible 30 Care, Henry, anti-Catholic newsletter 336–7 illustration from Acts and Monuments in 194 Careless, John, letters of 120 Becon, Thomas 113, 287 Carter, William, clandestine press of 29 Bentham, Thomas 35, 109, 129 Cartwright, William, and illustrations in The Bernher, Augustine Ordinary 186 and illustration of Latimer 193 Carye, William, loans of manuscripts to Foxe letters to Robert Glover 131 153–4 Bibliander, Theodor, translation of Qu’ran Case, John, printing errors 24 81–2, 141 Catholic presses, and paper supply 29 Turks as antichrist 82 Cavendish, William 106 Bidwell, John, import of paper 29 Cecil, William Billingsley, Henry, translation of Euclid 23, 235 and association between Foxe and Day 101 Billingsley, Nicholas 342 choice of language for Acts and Monuments Bilney, Thomas 206, 214 103–4 Binns, James, authors’ correction of proofs 24 complaints about printers’ monopolies 288 Bishops’ Bible 239 dedication of Commentarii 54–5 Blundell, William 158 dedication of Cosmographical Glass 112 Blundeville, Thomas 148 and Samuel Foxe’s expulsion from Boleyn, Anne, and Patmore’s arrest 298 Magdalen 283 Bolingbroke, Roger, and Eleanor Cobham 44 letter to Magdalen on his behalf 316 Bonner, Bishop Edmund and Luther translations 255 and John Dee 266 and Thomas Norton 235 illustration of 228–9 and Osório’s letter to Elizabeth 260, 261 Bowles, Ellen 258, 292 and patents for Acts and Monuments 112 Bowyer, William, loan of records to Foxe 156–7 patronage for Acts and Monuments 32 Bradford, John, letters to John Traves 299 patronage of Day 16, 67 Brewen, Anne 194 procurement of living for Foxe 127 Bright, Timothy, abridged version of Acts and and production of 2nd edition 163 Monuments 322 protection of Day’s investment 136 Brightman, Thomas 82 and Reformatio 237 Brinkley, Stephen, clandestine press 29 and Seres 66–7 Browne, John, separate narratives of martyrdom Chalkokondyles, Laonikos, Turkish 303–4 history 141 Budnaeus, Simon 95 Charles I, and dissolution of parliament 326–7 Bulkeley, Edward, additions to 6th edition 325 Cheke, John 35, 236 Bull, Henry 35 Cisner, Nicholas 141 and contribution to Acts and Monuments 346 clandestine presses, and paper supply 29–30

Index 377

Clark, J. C. D. 343 code of canon law 236 Clarke, Samuel, General Martyrology 339–40 marginal notes 178 clerical celibacy transfer of patents from Wolfe to Day 66 and Anglo-Saxon Gospels 239 Crespin, Jean debate on 148, 150–2, 155 fortune of 14 Clerke, Bartholomew Foxe’s use of martyrology 110, 129 Fidelis Servi...Responsio 161 Histoire Memorable 116–17 Cochlaeus, Johannes 141 and illustrations 190 Colley, Linda 230, 338, 343 incorporation of Rerum into new Collins, William 202 martyrology 95 Collinson, Patrick 38, 83, 84, 225, 230, 244, 247, inﬂuence of Commentarii on martyrology 59–60 250, 345, 346 investments of 14 Commentarii letters of martyrs 61, 91 composition of 41 paper costs 11 and Continental Protestants 60–1 permission to reprint his work 94–5 dating of 51–2 Croke, Thomas, correspondence with Foxe 280 dedication of 54–5 Crokhay, Gertrude 120 editing of 50–1 Crowley, Robert 34, 35 Foxe’s writing style 50 response to Campion 281 inﬂuence on Protestant martyrologies 59–60 Cunningham, William, Cosmographical Glasse printing of 55 71, 112 sources for 41, 61 Cuspinian, Johann, De Turcorum origine, and Acts borrowed from Bale 42–4 and Monuments 81 documents of Reginald Pecock 46–7 Turks as Antichrist 82 Walsingham’s chronicle 45–6 compositors, specialised skills of 11 Daniell, D. 241, 247 training of 20 Day, Alice, Richard’sallegationsagainst257–8 and wages 12 and husband’s health 308 and work of 16–17 Day, Edward, and raid on Wolfe’s shop 295 Cooke, Anne 67 Day, John Cooper, John, story of execution 106 achievements of 1, 2, 3–4, 313, 344 Cooper, Thomas 34 advertising in 2nd edition 184 correctors, specialised skills of 11 Aldersgate shop 64, 128 crucial role of 21–2 Anglo-Saxon translations 238, 239 literacy of 22 anti-Catholic stance of 245 scarcity of 22 arrest and imprisonment of 29, 67–8 presence of author 23–5 assign of John Wayland 69 use of family 23 borrowing for paper for 4th edition 305–6 use of refugees 25 quality of paper 306 and wages 12, 25–6 Bull’s collection of letters of martyrs 130 and work of 17–18 choice of English for Acts and Monuments 102 Council of Constance, and Hus and Jerome 318 City Printer 69 court book, used in heresy trials 107 production costs 241 Coventry Lollards, Foxe’s investigations into 108–9 commission from Parker for Anglo-Saxon Coverdale, Miles, and Letters of the characters 160 Martyrs 84, 131 work by Bateman 160 Cowbridge, William, trial and examination of commitment to Acts and Monuments Cox, Richard, Bishop of Ely, 113–14 and liturgical dispute 62 complexity of production of 1st Coxe, Leonard, and John Frith 88 edition 117–21 Crakanthorp, Richard, uncorrected errors 24–5 creative role in 126–7 Cranmer, Thomas 90–1 design of woodcuts 194–5 An Answer...Unto a Crafty Cavillation illustrations 114–16, 127, 129, 190, 192, 220, and John Frith 300 225, 226 attack on Stephen Gardiner 73 reuse of woodcuts 193–4

378 Index

Day, John (cont.) printing of Lambarde’s Archaionomia 160 and 4th edition 276, 296 printing of works for Parker and Foxe 240 motives for printing 125 production of Foxe’s minor works 111 and correctors, production of Reformatio with Norton and use of author as 23 Foxe 237–8 use of refugees as 25 refusal to print music for Thomas Tallis 162 and Cunningham’s Cosmographical Glass 112 relationship with Parker 107 death of 295, 312 renewal of business after 2nd edition 234–5 inscription on tomb 314 printing of Norton’s works 235 disinheritance of Richard 305, 312 responses to papal bull 217 Richard’s piracy of his father’s works 292–3 and Stationers’ Company 128 divergence of working relationship with Foxe and Stranger Churches 65 255–6 use of cheap printing to fund expensive early career of 63–6 printing 314 ﬁnancing and printing of 2nd edition 162–3 value of type 9 shortage of skilled workers 163–4 wealth of 13 and Foxe’s reply to Osório 261 and Whole Works of Tyndale, Frith and Barnes and Foxe’s research for Acts and Monuments 111 240, 242 and heretical works 29 and William Seres 64, 66–7, 288 and The history of man 287 see also Day, Richard; Whole Works investment in 2nd edition 184, 185 Day, Richard 257–8 involvement in 3rd edition 259, 271 assignment of Acts and Monuments to other King’s College, donations to 257 printers 322–3 and Latimer’s Frutefull Sermons 287 deal with Wolfe over patents 295 links forged during Marian regime 70 death of 324 expansion of business following Mary’s dedication of Christus Triumphans 291 death 70–1 disinheritance of 305, 312 as ‘man of business’ 313–14 and previously held patents 313 and Michael Wood press 67, 90 education of 257 monopolies 15, 287–8 management of bookshop at St Paul’s 292 disputes with Seres 288–9 marriage of 292 violation of patents 289–90 negotiations for renewal of patents 290, 291 raid on John Wolfe’s premises 294–5 pirating of his father’s works 292–3 Ward’s piracy of Nowell 293–4 and Stationers’ Company 291 and musical works 113, 162 and third edition 259, 264, 268, 269 ownership of presses 8–9 changes to layout 270–1 paper shortage for 2nd edition 164, 165–6, 167 inferior copy-editing 273–4 promise of Appendix 166–7 paper costs 271 patents for Acts and Monuments 112 use of smaller type 272 for primers and metrical psalms 112–13 work as corrector 23, 258–9 and patronage 15, 136–7 Dee, John motives for prioritising Parker’s projects 162 Foxe’s references to as conjurer 266 presentation copies of Acts and anger at 266 Monuments 224 illustration from Acts and Monuments 194 and The Perfect Art of Navigation 262, 286 relationship with Day 267–8 and Foxe’s treatment of Dee in 3rd edition removal of references to 267 267–8 Deleen, Pieter, Foxe’s letter to 54 physical decline 308 Denham, Henry and rush to ﬁnish 4th edition 308, 310 new edition of Acts and Monuments 323 printing of A Friendly Farewell 100 ownership of presses 8–9 printing of A Testimony of Antiquity 150 Denley, John 202 printing of Becon’s writings 113, 287 Diener, R. E. 77 printing of Clerke’s response to Saunders Digges, Leonard 161–2 A Book called Tectonicon 70 printing of Foxe’s Good Friday sermon 233 Dorman, Thomas, criticism of 1st edition 138

Index 379

Driver, M. 230 Fletcher, Giles, contributions to 3rd edition 269 Dusgate, Thomas, burning of 143 Fletcher, Miles, partnership with Young 328 Eicasmi Fletcher, Richard, and account of Wade’s and Acts and Monuments 318 burning 265 witnesses of Revelation 318 Florence of Worcester, Chronicon ex Chronicis 155 Eisenstein, E. 222 Florence, John, mistake in woodcut 192 Elizabeth I Ford, John 148 dedication of Acts and Monuments Fowler, John, use of illustrations 227 103, 138 Foxe, Agnes 36 and Papal Bull 184, 214–17 Foxe, John 33–4 Emmel, Samuel, preacher 58 and accession of Mary Tudor 56 English bibles, printing of 30 decision to go into exile 54 English book trade, limitations of 26 return to England after Mary’s death 98–9 lack of paper supply 28–9 Antichrist, identity of 82–3 and clandestine press 29–30 Apocalypse, preoccupation with 280 linguistic boundary 27 authorship of Acts and Monuments 345–6 restrictions on hiring foreign workers 27–8 and Bale, friendship with 38–9 shortage of skilled workers 27 influence of 61–2 size of Acts and Monuments 30–1 interpretation of history 78–9 Enzinas, Francisco de 120 first martyrology 39 Erasmus 21, 23 and Bibliander’s translation of Qu’ran 81–2 Estienne, François 13 and Bull 129–30 Estienne, Henri 14–15, 22 appropriation of work into 2nd edition 133–4 Estienne, Robert 11, 14–15 and Campion 281–2, 314 Everie, John 282 Christus Triumphans 72, 79 eyewitness accounts of executions 145–6 and Commentarii dedication of 54–5 Fabian, Robert, Chronicle 52, 111 commentary on Revelation 317 Fasciculi Zizaniorum commitment to 4th edition 276, 295–6 Bale’s annotations 42–3 editorial involvement in 311–12 source for Commentarii 40–2 fate of continental Protestants 301 Wiclif defence at Lambeth 51 conversion of Jews to Christianity 278–9 female martyrs, illustrations of 208–11 correction to proof of Acts and Monuments Fenn, John 260 17, 25 Ferrar, Bishop Robert 92, 309 and Cranmer’s Answer, translation of 73 Field, John and Cranmer’s attack on Gardiner 73 career of 249–50 Crespin’s Histoire Memorable, translation of relationship with Foxe 147, 249–50 116–17 response to Campion 281 and Cuspinian’s De Turcorum origine 81 translation of Luther’s commentary on Day, relationship with 63, 125 Galatians 249, 250–1 De Censura 38 Firth, K. R. 82, 317 De Christo gratis justificante 282, 311 Fitzjames, Bishop Richard, heresy De Oliva Evangelica 278–9 trials 142 death of 317 Fitzroy, Mary, Duchess of Richmond, patronage disassociation with calendar 127 of Foxe 36–7, 101 and Duchess of Richmond 36–7 Flacius, Matthias entry to evangelical elite 37–8, 54 Bale’s ties to 73–5 Elizabethan history, promise of 255–6 Catalogus testium veritatis 75, 122 European Protestant intellectuals, contacts edition of Hus’works 77 with 73 Foxe’s dependence on 140 evangelicalism 34–5 and Magdeburg Centuriators 77–8 help from fellow evangelicals 35 and St Ulric’s letter 151 financial hardship 62, 71–3 Varia 75–6 Flacius’ Catalogus Testium Veritatis 76–7, 80

380 Index

Foxe, John (cont.) supports Knox 62–3 A Friendly Farewell 100 Syllogisticon 111 Gratulatio 98–9 and Whitgift 285 Grindal, relationship with 83, 107 see also Commentarii; Day; Foxe, and creation benefits of research team 83–5 of 2nd edition; Howard; Rerum material from 89 Foxe, John, and creation of 2nd edition 136 historical value of work 157 Anglo-Saxon Gospels 159, 238–40 Howard, Thomas 104 Cary’s manuscript collection 153–4 Hus and Jerome, effect on Acts and confusion of sources 155–6 Monuments 77 editing of 128–9 and illustrations for Acts and Monuments 195–8, editorial control 169–70, 183 203, 227 attention to detail 175, 176 mistakes in labelling 219–20 Piccolomini’s account of Council of Basle use in rebuttal of Harpsfield 213–14 176–7 intention of martyrology 56 unpaid copy-editing and Latin translation involvement with 3rd edition, lack of 271 175–7 language choice for Acts and Monuments friendship with Heneage brothers 297 102, 104 Lambarde, friendship with 155 and Luther Pandectae Locorum communium, printing admiration for as spiritual physician 252–3 of 240 translations of 247, 248, 251, 252 paper shortage 170 Magdeburg Centuriators, links with 77–8 promise of appendix 166–7 Osório book, English translation of 280 Patrick’s Places, editing of 242 Papa confutatus 279–80 questioning of eyewitnesses 146–7 Parrett’s letter on 3rd edition 274–5 Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum 236 marriage to Agnes Randall 36 background of 236–7 ministry to afflicted consciences 253 cooperation of Norton and Day 237–8 commentary on fifteen psalms 254 Parker’s reaction to 238 selection of sermons 254–5 reform of Prayer Book 237 and translation of Luther 253 sensitivity to criticism of 1st edition 138–9, 178 and Oporinus 25, 80–2 archival research needed for rebuttals 140 ordination of 104 and Continental sources 140–2 Pilkington’s commentary on Nehemiah, extension of manuscript sources 142–3 preface to 315–16 existence of pre-Lutheran Protestantism 139 pressure to complete 1st edition 114, 116–17 introduction attacking papacy 139 procurement of living 127 as spiritual physician 248 provision of inheritance for Samuel 316 Sermon of Christ Crucified, pastoral emphasis of research for Acts and Monuments 232–3 in Canterbury diocese 149–50 anticipation of Luther translations 234 Continental martyrologies 109 Latin edition 234 in Coventry and Lichfield 108–9 popularity of 233–4 and Crespin’s work 110 postscript on justification by faith 233 in London episcopal archives 107–8, 109 Stow, cooperation with 154–5 into medieval chronicles 122, 123–4 Volusianus letters, loan of 152 in Norwich diocese 105, 106–7, 109 see also Parker, Matthew; Whole Works verification of account of Cooper’s Foxe, Samuel execution 106 problems at Magdalen 283 resignation from Magdalen 35 Foxe, Simeon, memoir of his father 36, 53, role of women Protestants 212 127, 325 Sandys, friendship for 304–5 Frankfurt Book Fair 55, 93 A Solemne Contestation 184 free will, and Marian Protestants 133 son’s expulsion from Magdalen 283 Frith, John alteration of views on Magdalen radicals and Cranmer 300 283–4 and Foxe’s marginal notes 245 son’s reinstatement at Magdalen 316 and Hamilton’s Patrick’s Places 242

Index 381

Latin translation in Whole Works 246 and Marian martyrs 56, 83 works of 243 and material for Rerum 89 Froben, Johann writings of martyrs 90–1 and Erasmus 23 personal testimony for 2nd edition 143 Foxe’s work for 72 research for 1st edition 83–5, 107 printing presses 8 and Henry Bull’s letter collection 130 work of compositor 20 Guyot, François, typographer 112 Froschauer, Christopher, printer 73 Fugger, Ulrich, support for Henri Estienne Hacket, Thomas 13 14–15 Hackluyt, Richard 148 Fulke, William, interpretation of Haddon, Walter, and Latin rebuttal of Osório Revelation 317 260–1 Fuller, John, reprint of Hart and Lewis Haemstede, Adriaan van abridgement 340, 343 martyrology of 56–7 Fuller, Thomas 31, 238 reliance on Commentarii 57–8 reliance on letters 61 Gace, William 253, 258 and Rerum 95 translation of Luther’s sermons Hales, James, and sources for Rerum 90 254–5 Hales, John, speech at Elizabeth’s Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester 299 accession 263 care of Thomas Howard 53 Hall, John and Roger 146 Day’s clandestine printing 67 Hall, Matthew 29, 221 Foxe’s marginal notes on his letters 178 Hall’s Chronicle, and Rerum 85–6 letters to Somerset 334 Hamilton, Patrick Gardiner, William 89, 201 Patrick’s Places 186, 242 Gascoigne, Thomas 47 Harding, Thomas Gaskell, P. 10, 19 attack on 1st edition 137, 140, 141 Gellibrand, Edward 282, 283 church history 334 Gemini, Thomas 70 poisoning of King John 152 gender bias, in sixteenth century Harington, Sir John 228 211–12 Harpsﬁeld, Nicholas, criticism of Foxe 133, 138, Gervase of Canterbury, chronicle of 149 140, 147, 169 Gesner, Conrad, medical treatise 70 Hart, John and Lewis, John, abridgement in 18th Gilby, Anthony 62 century 340 Gilmont, J.-F. 95 Hartwell, Abraham, translation of and Crespin 13 Haddon 260 printing expenses 10 Haviland, John, partnership with Young 328 value of type 9 Hawarden, John 33 Goad, Thomas 244 Haydon, C. 343 Golden Legend Heneage, Thomas and Michael, and Tower and Acts and Monuments 114 Records 297 illustrations in 200 Henry IV, picture of humiliation at Canossa 192, Goltwurm, Kasper, Lutheran ecclesiastical 215, 217 calendar 60 Historia martyrum 97–8 Grafton, Richard, loan of woodcut to Day 193 Hogg, Alexander, abridgement in 18th century Gratius, Ortwin, Fasciculi 140 341, 343 Great Chronicle of London 154 Holcot, William, and Cranmer 300 Green, Bartlett, and John Dee 266, 267 Hooper, John 130 Green, I. 276, 320–1 marginal notes 178 Greyfriars Chronicle 154 writings of, and sources of Rerum 90 Grifﬁth, William, printer 235 Hopkins, John, poem in praise of Foxe 325 Grindal, Edmund 32 Hornschuch, Hieronymus 22, 26 Foxe’s letters to 72 Howard, Thomas, Third Duke of Norfolk 53 invitation to Foxe to preach Good Friday Howard, Thomas, Fourth Duke of Norfolk sermon 232–3 appeal for assistance from Foxe 72

382 Index

Howard, Thomas, Fourth Duke of Norfolk sizes and reuse of 202–3 (cont.) in 9th edition 337–8 association with Foxe after Mary Tudor’s Parker’s interest in 223–5 accession 53 and patronage, need for 231 and dedication of Commentarii 54 in presentation copies 223–4 and Foxe’s return to England and production expenses 190 98–9 and Protestant propaganda 226–7, 228–30 Foxe’s tutelage of 37 effectiveness of 227–8 support for Foxe 104 readers’ familiarity with 186–7 Hullier, John 174, 306 reuse of 193–4 Humphrey, Laurence 35 from other works 193 church preferment 104 within same edition 204 copy-editing for Foxe 175 in support of polemical points 212–14 and disputes at Magdalen Papal Bull against Elizabeth 214–17 282–3 topics and periods depicted 205 expulsion of Samuel Foxe 283 practical considerations 217–18 and Field 250 variance between editions 205 marriage of 92 ‘Verbum Dei’ woodcut 193 and Osório’s letter 261 women martyrs in large woodcuts, absence of and Parrett’s letter on 3rd edition 274 208–10 residence in Basle 71 exception to 210 response to Campion 281 mistake in woodcut 210 Hunter, William 144, 263 reasons for 211–12 Hus, Jan and small woodcuts 210–11 copy of medal 203–4, 214 woodcut of burning at Guernsey 120 and Foxe’s Eicasmi 318 and woodcuts in Bateman’s A Christall Hutchins, C.E. 270 Glasse 164 Ingram, E. 189, 201, 203 illustrations 1, 3 ink, quality of 11 and accessibility of book 221–2 Inkforby, Roger and William 282 use of colour 222–3 Islip, Adam use by instructors 222 piracy of Nowell’s catechism 293 ‘announcement’ allegorical woodcuts 199 printing of 7th edition 327–8 ‘Capital C’ woodcut 199 production of one volume of 7th edition 330–1 changes in distribution between editions 205–7 tension over Young’s reprint of one of Foxe’s Clement VII’s bull, woodcut copy of 203 works 328–9 commissioning of pictures in Acts and Monuments 114–16 James, Duke of York, conversion to details and design 198 Catholicism 336 Hunne, Richard, ‘murder’ of 212–13 Jerome of Prague, and Foxe’s Eicasmi 318 and idolatry 189 Jewel, John, challenge to Catholics 141 importance in Cunningham’s Cosmographical John, King of England Glass 112 illustration of his murder 116 ‘incidental’ cuts as visual proofs 203–4 poisoning of 152–3 inﬂuence on English book production 230–1 Joscelyn, John, help with Foxe’s research 153, 155 insertion and layout problems 191–2 Joye, George, controversy with Foxe 38 labelling of The Supper of the Lord 243 captions 218–19 Judex, Matthias, and Magdeburg Centuriators scrolls and banderoles 220 77–8 text blocks 219–20 Jugge, Richard, and Stationers’ Company 289 xylographic engraving 219 mistakes in woodcuts 192 Kastan, D. S. 344 mutilation of illustrations 229 Kelke, John 106 ‘narrative’ woodcuts 200–1 Kemp, John, 304 comparison with illustrations in Rerum 201 and addition to 3rd edition 264

Index 383

Killigrew, Sir Henry 224, 290–1 Luborsky, R. S. 189, 199, 200, Killigrew, Sir William 290–1 202, 203 King Johan, Bale’s roll call of mendicant Lucy, Thomas 35 orders 123 Luther, Martin King, John N. 2, 65, 71, 72, 119, 221, 241, 272, 321, commentary on Galatians 248 323, 326, 333, 334, 340, 344, 345–6 readership of 253–4, 255 King, Robert, and execution of Rowland translator of 248–9 Taylor 145 Foxe’s translation of 36 Kingdon, Robert, paper costs 10 identity of antichrist 82 Kingston, Felix, printing of 7th edition lack of illustration in Acts and 327–8 Monuments 208 production of one volume of 7th edition and printing of Qu’ran 81–2 330–1 and prophecy of Hus 203–4 tension over Young’s reprint of one of Foxe’s works 328–9 Madan, Martin, preface to Fuller’s reprint 340 Knapp, J. A. 201 Magdalen College 34–5, 282–3 Knox, John, and liturgical dispute 62–3 Magdeburg Centuries 74 Koberger, Anthon, printing presses 8 and Flacius 77–8 sources for 2nd edition of Acts and Lambarde, William Monuments 141 Archaionomia 150, 160 Maldon, William, Foxe’s questioning of 146–7 use of map from 193 Malt, Isobel 143 collector of manuscripts 155 manuscript scholarship, and antiquarian networks Lambert, François, interpretation of 157, 158 Revelation 317 Manuzio, Paulo, papal press 15 Lambert, John, execution of 88 Map, Walter 75 Lambert, S. 321, 332–3 Marsh, George 202 Lander, J. M. 270 Martyr, Peter, see Vermigli, Peter Martyr language, choice for Acts and Mary Tudor Monuments 102 accession to throne 52 Latimer, Hugh and Edwardian Protestants 52 card sermons 306 Mason, Helen 328 deletion of letters in 2nd edition 165 Mason, Thomas, abridgement of Foxe’s Christ’s illustration of 114, 193, 206 Victorie Over Sathan’s Tyrannie 328–9 Laud, William 329 Mede, Joseph 82 and charge by Prynne 332, 333–4 Melton, Richard, Foxe’s stepfather 33, 36 Laverock, Hugh 202 monopoly privileges 15 Lawrence, John 202 Montagu, Richard, Bishop of Chichester 31 Le Hunte, John 148 Montanus, Gonsalvius, attack on Inquisition and Day’s property 305, 312 184–5 loans for Acts and Monuments 308 More, Thomas, Foxe’s opinion of 245 Leland, John Morice, Ralph 135, 146 Letters of the Martyrs 128 Moxon, Joseph, correctors 22, 175 editing of 131 Mozley, J. F. 71, 195, 345 insertions after printing of Acts and Munby, A. N. L. 257 Monuments 132 Münster, Sebastian, Cosmographia 80 poor quality of production 131 sources of 131–2 Newman, John 174 Lever, Thomas 73, 109 Nicholson, E. 339, 343 Lindsay, David Nightingale, Thomas 202 The Tragical Death of Cardinal Beaton 111 Norfolk, Dukes of, see Howard Locke, John, subscriptions for 9th edition 337 Norton, Thomas Louth, John, anecdotes for Acts and and Cranmer 236 Monuments 299 and Foxe 236–7 Lownes, Humphrey, printing of 6th edition 324 and Gorbuduc 235

384 Index

Norton, Thomas (cont.) and Day’s bookshop 162 printing of his works by Day 235 maintenance of illustrators and bookbinders and Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum 236 223–4 Nowell, Alexander 33, 281 printing of De Antiquitate 240 Nunn, Francis 165 reaction to Reformatio 238 Nussbaum, Damian 330, 333 relationship with Day 159–61 relationship with Foxe Oastler, C. L. 160 value of 161, 162 Ogier, D. G. 140 sources for Acts and Monuments 149–50 Oglethorpe, Owen 34 letters of Volusianus 150–2 Oldcastle, Sir John 111, 201 A Testimony of Antiquity 150 Oporinus, Johann see also Bowyer; Carye; Lambarde; Stow Bale’s work for 63 Parkhurst, John, Bishop of and Flacius’ Catalogus 75 Norwich 105, 124 and Foxe 63, 71, 72, 80–2 Epigrams 162 and network of Protestant scholars 80 Parrett, Simon, letter to Foxe on 3rd printing of Bibliander and Chalkokondylas’ edition 274–5 work 141 Parry, Glynn 267 printing presses 8 Patmore, Thomas, arrest and imprisonment of production of Rerum 93, 96, 109 297–8 publication of Foxe’s German address to patronage, for printers 14–16 England 98 Pecock, Reginald, and sources of Commentarii Ormes, Cicely, reuse of woodcut of 194 46–7, 51 Osório da Fonseca, Jerónimo, letter to Elizabeth Persons, Robert 186, 221 260–1 rebuttal of 1st edition 137 attack on Haddon 260 Pettegree, Andrew 2, 29, 56, 58, 221, 225, 228, Ottomon Empire, Foxe’s history of 135 230, 344 sources for 141 Peucer, Caspar, Carion’s Chronicle 80 Philip II, patronage of Polyglot Bible 16 144 Palmer, Julins, and Thomas Thackham Philpot, John, letters of 120, 168, 170 96–7 Pantaleon, Heinrich and John Dee 266 97–8 martyrology of Pierre de Cugnières 141 95 96 110 and Rerum , , Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius 176–7 paper Piers, John, Bishop of Salisbury 316 10–11 costs of Pilkington, James, commentary on the book of 28–9 lack of indigenous supply Nehemiah 148, 315–16 29–30 limits on clandestine press Plantin, Christopher 18 preparation of and correctors 26 2 164 165–6 167 shortage in nd edition , , ﬁnancing of Polyglot Bible 314 168–9 170–3 deletions from text , investment by van Bomberghes 14 167–8 pasted smaller sheets printing costs 10 167 use of cassie royal patronage 15 4 301–2 supply of in th edition value of presses 7, 8–9 10 Parent, Annie, paper costs wages of employees 12 122 123 124 Paris, Matthew, Chronica Maiora , , , wealth of 13 149 235 , Plowden, Edmund 282 107 Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury Polley, Margery 302 224–5 aesthetics of presentation copies Polyglot Bible 15 46 and Bale Ponet, John, catechism of 66 ’ 195 Bateman s Crystal Glass, production of Pope-burning procession 186 124 and chronicle of Matthew Paris Prayer and complaint of the Ploughman and circle of scholars 152–3, 155–6 263 importance to history of manuscript pressmen, specialised skills of 11 157 158 scholarship , and wages 12 222 colouring of illustrations and work of 19

Index 385

printing industry eyewitness accounts 92 centralisation in London 24 information from friends 91–2 expenditure on type 9–10 writings of martyrs 90–1 inferior condition in England 2, 8–9 success of 95–6 ink costs 11 Richardson, Brian, authors’ correction of paper costs 10–11 proofs 24 production process 16–17 Richmond, Duchess of, see Fitzroy, Mary corrections 17 Ridley, Nicholas, A Friendly Farewell 100 paper 18 ordains Foxe deacon 37 print run 17 Ridley, Sir Thomas, contributions to 3rd speed of 18–19 edition 269 proﬁts 19–20 Rigg, Robert, and Lollards 51 speed v. accuracy 21–2 Rivery, Jean and Adam, printers 59–60 returns on investment 6–7, 13–14 Robert of Avesbury 155–6 need for patronage 14–15 Roberts, Mrs, near-arrest of 264 wage costs 11–13 Roger of Howden, chronicle of workspace expenditure 10 122, 123 see also correctors; compositors; pressmen; Rogers, Daniel 91 printing presses Rogers, John, examinations of 91 printing presses Rose, Thomas 264 costs of 7–8 Rowlands, Richard, see Verstegan, Richard mechanics of 17 Russell, Lord William, and Ryehouse Plot 336 ownership of 8–9 working of 18 Sackville, Thomas, Gorboduc 235 Prynne, William, and Laud’s trial 332 Sampson, Thomas 84, 104 Punt, William 106 Sandys, Edwin, Archbishop of York 248 Purfoot, Thomas, and violation of printing ordeals under Mary 304 patents 289–90, 293 and scandal 305 Purvey, John 40, 41 translation of Luther’s commentary on Galatians 248, 250 Quadrilogus, and Becket 122, 123 Saunders, Lawrence, letters of 91 Sawtre, William, illustration of burning 116 Rabus, Ludwig, martyrology of 56, 97 Seres, William 260 inﬂuence of Commentarii 58–9 assign of Wayland 69 Randall, Agnes, see Foxe, Agnes and Cecil 66–7 Randall, John, murder of 88 Day’s challenge to 126 Randall, Thomas 316 disputes with Days over monopolies 288–9 Rastell, John, Foxe’s opinion of 245 partnership with Day 64 Ravelingon, François 23 Sharpe, Kevin 227 Record, Robert, praise for 2nd edition 136 Shepherd, Luke Regnault, François, printer 30 John Bon and Mast Person 64 Rerum 79, 80, 83, 84, 92–3 Short, Peter, completion of 5th edition 323 concentration on English and Scottish martyrs marriage of widow to Humphrey Lownes 324 93–4 Singleton, Hugh 36–7 dissemination of book in Europe 94–5 and violation of printing patents 289 investigation into burning of Mayor Smith’s Six Articles, allegations against 239 wife 108 Skinner, Vincent, translator 184–5 Oporinus’ commitment to 2nd Sleidan, Johann, and account of Provençal volume 109 martyrs 117 rapidity of production 93 Smith, Joan, execution of 88 sources for Henrician period 85–6 Smith, Robert, and reference to John Dee 266 and information from family and friends Somerset, Duke of, lack of illustration in Acts and 88–9 Monuments 208 information from other sources 89 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 280 sources for Marian period 89–90 and Acts and Monuments 285, 301

386 Index

Stapleton, Thomas marginal notes 178 attack on 1st edition of Acts and Monuments Practice of Prelates 246 137–8 Tyrrel, Edmund, mistake in label to poisoning of King John 152 illustration 219 Stationers’ Company and 7th edition of Acts and Monuments Underhill, Edward 64 326, 330 Upcher, Thomas, and letters of John Careless 132 dispute between printers 328 Ussher, James, Archbishop of Armagh 40 advertising in almanacs 330–1 Licensing Act, lapse of 338 van Bomberghe, Charles 14 monopolies of 287–8, 322 van Bomberghe, Corneille 14 and patents for Acts and Monuments 313 Vaudois, 76, 177 patent violation 289–90 Vautrollier, Thomas, and Luther’s commentary and John Wolfe 294 on Galatians 255, 256 and loss of monopolies Venice, rules for control over compositors’ 230–1 work 21 piracy by Richard Day 292–3 Vergil, Polydore, Anglica historia 48–50, 148 presentation copy for Charles II 335–6 Vermigli, Peter Martyr 73 salvage of 5th edition of Acts and Verstegan, Richard 228 Monuments 323 von Nidbruck, Caspar Stevenson, J., library of 156 friendship with Bale 74, 75 Stokesley, John, and Patmore’s arrest 298 and Flacius, Mathius 74 Stow, John, cooperation with Foxe 154–5 von Wied, Herman, Stranger Churches 65 Simple and Religious Consultation 64 Strickland, William, speech to Parliament 236 84 131 Strype, J. 84, 236 Wabuda, Susan , 265 302 Suffolk, Duchess of, see Brandon, Katherine Wade, Christopher , 11–13 Sutton, Thomas 106 wages, of printing house workers ’ 76 syndicates, production of Acts and Monuments by Waldensians, Foxe s account of 177 323, 324–5 and mistakes in print 106 disadvantages of 326 Walker, John Sztrárai, Mihály, and Rerum 95 Walsingham, Sir Francis dedication of De oliva evangelica 278 Tankerﬁeld, George 300 and Magdalen College disputes 282 ten persecutions, illustration of 207 Walsingham, Thomas Thomas of Walsingham, Chronica Majora 149 Chronica maiora 45–6, 51, 154, 155–6 Thoresby, Ralph 339 Walter of Guisborough, chronicle of 122 Thorpe, William, examination of 110 Ward, Roger, piracy of Nowell’s catechism Tilney, Emery 299 293–4 Tottle, Richard, campaign for paper mill 28–9 Warne, Joan, cross-references to 311 Transubstantiation, and Anglo-Saxon Watt, T. 226 Gospels 239 Wayland, John, and production of primers 69 Trapp, Henry, reissue of part of Fuller’s edition Webbe, Richard 145 340–1 Wechels, Andreas, and De oliva evangelica 279 Traves, John, letters of 299 Wenssler, Michael, production expenses 6 Tunstall, Bishop Cuthbert, heresy trials 142 West, Henry, Foxe’s help for 283 Turner, William, complaint about price of Acts White, Rawlins, burning of 143 and Monuments 125 Whitchurch, Edward 9 and deletions from 2nd edition 164 Whitgift, John Twelve Conclusions, mistake in translation 176 and Timothy Bright 322 Tyndale, William and conversion of Jews 279 biblical translation 244 intervention on behalf of Samuel and Simeon conservative theology 244 Foxe 316 Day’s collection of works by 243 letter from Foxe 285 life in Antwerp 247 Whittingham, William 62

Index 387

Whole Works, of Tyndale, Frith and Barnes Winthrop, William, and Bull’s collection of 240, 243 letters 130 Foxe’s preface 246–7 Wishart, George 111, 202, 299 Foxe’s worries over theology in 243–4 Wodyngton, Thomas old-fashioned views of 243–4 Wolfe, John provision of pastoral comfort for reader 247–8 challenge over printers’ patents 294 relevance of anti-Catholic teachings ownership of presses 8–9 244–5 Wolfe, Reyner, printer response to Papal Bull 246 Woodman, Richard, small illustration of 208 and Tyndale’s defence of Catherine of Aragon Wrightson, K. 332 marriage 244 Wurtemberg, Duke Christopher of 54, 62 Wiclif, John Wykes, D. L. 339 illustration of bones 116 illustration of burning 192 Yates, F. A. 76 and Lollards 42, 45, 51 Young, Robert see also Commentarii and Laud 329 Wigand, Johann, and Magdeburg Centuriators printing of 7th edition 327–8 77–8 production of one volume of 7th Wilcox, Thomas 249 edition 330–1 William of Newburgh, denunciations tension over reprint of one of Foxe’s works of Becket 122 328–9 Wimshurst, Alexander 92 13 Windsor Castle, detailed illustration of 207 Zainer, Günther 94 Winram, John 144 Zwingli