Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at , Taluk,

2nd Floor, Preethi Building Rajagiri outREACH MV Road, Palarivattom Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous) - 682025, Rajagiri P.O., Kochi- 683104, Kerala 0484-2338205 0484 2911330-332 [email protected] [email protected] www.rbdck.com www.rajagirioutreach.in

CONTENTS

List of Tables and Figures

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose 1.2 Location 1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition 1.4 Alternatives considered 1.5 Social impacts 1.6 Mitigation measures

Chapter 2 Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure 2.2 Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act 2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks 2.4 Examination of alternatives 2.5 Phases of the project construction 2.6 Core design features and size and type of facilities 2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities 2.8 Work force requirements (temporary and permanent) 2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports 2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

Chapter 3 Team Composition Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment

3.1 List of all team members with qualification 3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the social impact assessment 3.3 Sampling methodology used 3.4 Overview of information/ data sources used 3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 1 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 4 Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources 4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition) 4.3 Total land requirement for the project 4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area 4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project 4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project 4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns 4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses 4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years

Chapter 5 Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families 5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired) 5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights 5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood 5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition 5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land 5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition 5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands) 5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 2 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 6 Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area 6.2 Income and poverty levels 6.3 Vulnerable groups 6.4 Land use and livelihood 6.5 Local economic activities 6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods 6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization 6.8 Administrative organization 6.9 Political organization 6.10 Community based and civil society organizations 6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes 6.12 Quality of the living environment

Chapter 7 Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation 7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact 7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act 7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal 7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA 7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy 7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Chapter 8 Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures 8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations 8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any 8.4 Timelines for each activity

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 3 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 9 Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs 9.2 Annual budget and plan of action 9.3 Funding sources with break up

Chapter 10 Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators 10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles 10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Chapter 11 Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs 11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

References

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 4 Taluk, Palakkad

List of Tables

Table No, Contents Page No.

2.3.1 Salient Features of the Alignment 13 2.3.2 Abstract of Estimate 14 2.3.3 Project Risk and Mitigation Measures 14 3.1 SIA Unit- Team Members 20 3.5 Schedule of Consultation Meetings 22 4.7 Statistics of Crops/Trees Affected 27 5.1.1 List of Affected Persons 31 6.1 Marital Status of Adults 38 7.4 Risk and Mitigation Measures 43 7.6 Mitigation Strategy and Activities 46 9.1 Project Cost 49

List of Exhibits and Figures

Figure No, Contents Page No.

Exhibit 2.1 Organisation Structure of RBDCK Ltd. 11 Exhibit 4.1 Project Location Map 23 Exhibit 4.2 Project Location Photograph 24 4.7.1 Classification of Land 26 4.7.2 Uses of Land 27 4.8.1 Total Extent of Land Owned by Affected Persons 28 4.8.2 Year of Ownership 29 4.8.3 Forms of Ownership 29 6.1.1 Religion 36 6.1.2 Gender 36 6.1.3 Age of Affected Persons 37 6.1.4 Education 37 6.2.1 Income Level 38 6.2.2 Ration Card 39 Exhibit 7.5 Alternate Project Design Submitted by Affected Persons 45

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 5 Taluk, Palakkad

List of Abbreviations

APL Above Poverty Line BA Bachelor of Arts BPL Below Poverty Line DPR Detailed Project Report DSR Delhi Schedule of Rates DSS Diploma in Social Services FGD Focus Group Discussion FIDIC Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils GAD General Arrangement Drawing GDP Gross Domestic Product GO Government Order GoK INR Indian Rupee IRC Indian Roads Congress KM Kilo Meters LA Land Acquisition LC Level Cross LP Lower Primary M2 Square Meter MA Master of Arts MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MSW Master of Social Work OBC Other Backward Communities PhD Doctor of Philosophy PM & IR Personnel Management & Industrial Relations PRICE Project Information and Cost Estimation PWD Public Works Department RBDCK Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. RCC Reinforced Concrete Piles RD Revenue Department The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land RFCTLAR&R Act Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 Rs Rupees SC Scheduled Caste SIA Social Impact Assessment UG Under-Graduation UP Upper Primary WBS Work Breakdown Structures

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 6 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 1

Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose

Pattambi is one of the important towns in and many suburbs and neighbouring regions depend heavily on the infrastructure of the town for educational/healthcare/commercial/other requirements. and Pallipuram are two densely populated suburbs of Pattambi and connectivity via road has been increasingly difficult due to the frequent closure of Railway Level Cross at Kodumunda. Considering the rising daily train traffic (68 in 2016) and road traffic (Around 3000 in 2016), Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. has proposed to construct a flyover at Kodumunda, replacing Level Cross (LC) No.167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur- Railway line.

Flyover is planned as two lane carriage way along with footpath on one side and has a distance of 500.3 meters with a total width of 10.15 meters. 54.50 Ares (Approximate) of land comprising of private as well as public land is identified in Kodumunda of Muthuthala Panchayat at , Palakkad.The project would fit in the rationale for public purpose as it likely to reduce travelling time, traffic, pollution and energy consumption and ensures a safer transportation through the region. Further, as per Section 2 b (i) of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (RFCTLAR&R Act), the project fits in for public purpose.

1.2 Location

Kodumunda is a small village in Muthuthala Panchayat of Pattambi Taluk. It is located 65 KM West of district capital-Palakkad at 10.809966, 76.149299 map coordinates. Village is located ashore of , a major river in Kerala and the region has been known for paddy and other farming and later became a residential habitat. Kodumunda hosts a passenger railway station in Shornur-Kozhikode route and the closest city- Pattambi is located 7 km away from the village. The project at Pattambi Taluk in is being planned in 54.50 Ares of Land in Muthuthala village covering Survey Nos. –204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235 in Block No. 27.

1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition

The project is mapped to acquire 54.50 Ares of land in Muthuthala village and most plots are being used as residential land. The identified land comprises of both private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Field, Well, Canal, PWD Road and other open land owned by government. The projected number of buildings to be affected is Thirteen (13) and the cost of land acquisition was projected as Rs.740 lakhs while the estimated total cost of project

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 7 Taluk, Palakkad was Rs.3725 lakhs. It is proposed that 50% of the construction cost will be shared by the Railways. Accordingly the railway will directly construct the railway portion and will reimburse a portion of the construction cost of the approaches, so that the overall share of railway will be 50% of the construction cost. The state has to mobilize the entire amount required for the land acquisition and for the construction of approach portion initially.

1.4 Alternatives considered

The Kodumunda LC is situated in a heavily built up area. Since there are sharp bends in the existing road alignment near LC, Flyover is so aligned that a smooth curve connects the straight stretches. This causes the alignment to deviate from the existing road. The geometrical alignment was acceptable with slopes within the ruling gradient as specified by the IRC codes. With respect to the alignment, span arrangement and type of road over bridge, three alternatives with cost-benefit implications have studied and the alternative (Alternative 2) with lowest construction cost and least structural damages was selected and considered for DPR preparation.

However, even with the adopted alignment, Thirteen (13) residential buildings are included in the project site and a committee of affected persons have taken initiatives to correspond with the Requiring Body and other concerned departments and personnel to consider the alternate design and alignment proposed by them. As per their plan, the Flyover will start from the point at ‘Kodumunda Valavu’ and ends on ‘Theeradesham Road’ and no residential buildings will be affected.

1.5 Social impacts

As per the present alignment for the acquisition of land for Kodumunda Flyover, Twenty One (21) affected persons will lose land and out of which, Thirteen (13) residential buildings, One school building and Five (5) commercial units will also be affected. The other adverse effects include loss of water-bodies, farm land & crops and livelihood opportunities for the business establishment and its employees. A brief summary of major adverse impacts are as follows

Loss of Residential building and land : 13 families Loss of Land : 8 families Loss of Livelihood Opportunities : 4 Families Threat to Social Institution : A portion of the Building of A.M.L.P School

Despite the negative impacts, the proposed project is expected to be beneficial for the people in the region as it ensures safer and faster transportation and better access with other regions in the district.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 8 Taluk, Palakkad

1.6 Mitigation measures

For affected persons whose land will be acquired, the Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 is expected to be appropriate. Further, recreation of common properties/water-bodies and livelihood opportunities will mitigate various impacts to an extent possible. Replanting of trees and other environmental measures may prevent natural disaster in the future.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 9 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 2

Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the Project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure

Roads in are considered as the most crucial mode of transportation; being cost effective and preferred for freight and passenger transport. India has the second largest road network in the world connecting every nook and corner of the country with its 5.23 Million Kilo Meter roads comprising of National/State Highways, Districts and Village Roads (National High Way Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17). It is estimated that road transportation contributes nearly 4.7 % towards India’s GDP; whereas the railways contribute only 1 %. Besides its significance to the economy, roads enables social integration by connecting different regions, institutions and people across the country.

As per the Kerala PWD-Road Bridge Maintenance Policy Order (22, 10, 2016), the State has a network of roads over 1.5 Lakh KMs and except the National Highways (1542 KM), all other major roads are being constructed, maintained and managed by Kerala Public Works Department with the funding from Government of Kerala.

Kerala Public Works Department (Kerala PWD) is one of the important departments in the Government of Kerala and operates under Ministry of PWD. Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. (RBDCK) is a company under the Public Works Department of Government of Kerala and is established under the Companies Act 1956 on 23rd September 1999. RBDCK mainly deals with the properties and assets comprising movables and immovable including land, road projects, railway over bridge projects, toll collection rights and works under construction. The organisation is envisioned to create well developed network of roads, flyovers, bridges, other transport infrastructure facilities for improved productivity and economic efficiency of transport that will act as catalyst to the overall development in the State of Kerala. The organisation is headed by a Managing Director and supported by various level managers, officers and support staff.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 10 Taluk, Palakkad

Exhibit 2.1

Organisation Structure of RBDCK is

Kodumunda is a small village in Muthuthala Panchayat of Pattambi Taluk in Palakkad district. It is a regional trading center in the Panchayath and is located 65 km towards west from District headquarters Palakkad. Kodumunda hosts a passenger railway station in Shornur- Kozhikode route and the closest city- Pattambi is located 7 km away from the village. Located ashore of Bharathappuzha, village has a large population base with a considerable farming area.

The proposed flyover replaces Level Cross (LC) No.167 at km 593/8-9 connecting Muthuthala – Pattambi road and various institutions across LC results in heavy road traffic and frequent congestions. Moreover, Shornur-Kozhikode railway line is one of the busiest routes which connects the State with far away cities in India through Konkan Railways and the estimated travel demand in terms of rail traffic projection exceeds the limiting value (Train Vehicle Units) mentioned in IRC: 62-1976 and provision given by Indian Railway Permanent Manual. Vide Government Order GO (Rt) No.1324/2016/PWD dated 27.09.2016, Government of Kerala has accorded the administrative sanction for the construction of new flyover. Kitco, a leading infrastructure consulting and design firm undertook a detailed project and feasibility study for the construction of flyover at Kodumunda and submitted the report in October 2017.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 11 Taluk, Palakkad

2.2 Rationale of the project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act

As per the traffic survey conducted in 2016 by Kitco, 68 trains and around 3000 road vehicles pass through Kodumunda LC on a daily basis. It is observed that many religious/ educational institutions and civil organisations are located across the railway track. The frequent train crossing results in congestions in the adjacent areas and leads to traffic problem for the travellers as well as for residents in the region. Further, the Kodumunda LC is the leading hurdle for the traffic flow between Pattambi and Pallipuram and usually causes delay in the public transportation systems.

The proposed flyover, covering 500.3 Meters including railway span would fit in the rationale for public purpose as the project likely to reduce travelling time, traffic, pollution and energy consumption and ensures a safer transportation through the region. Further, as per Section 2 b (i) of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (RFCTLAR&R Act), the project fits in for public purpose.

2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks

The proposed flyover, replacing Level Cross (LC) No.167 at km 593/8-9 at Kodumunda is a two lane carriage way along with footpath on one side and has a distance of 500.3 meters with a total width of 10.15 meters. 54.50 Ares (Approximate) of land comprising of private as well as public land is identified in Kodumunda of Muthuthala Panchayat at Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad. As per the Government Order dated 12-07-2019 by District Collector, Palakkad, 10 plots in Block No. 27 having Survey Nos.- 204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235 are identified to be acquired.

The construction of Kodumunda Flyover in lieu of existing LC No. 167 at km 593/8-9 between Pattambi and Kodumunda Railway stations is included in the budget reply speech 2016 – 2017 (Para No.36, Sl. no. 3). The functional design of the project was finalised as a result of the field study and data investigation using existing information and specifications from various standards. The field study includes all engineering studies viz. reconnaissance survey, topographic survey, geotechnical survey, traffic survey etc. Documentation is done as per the latest revisions and amendments of the relevant guidelines of the MoRTH/IRC/BIS standards.

To design the alignment/span arrangement and to decide type of road over bridge, three alternatives with cost-benefit implications have been studied. Subsequently, the flyover is so proposed that it crosses the railway track at around 76.00 m from the existing LC. The alignment has a slope of 1 in 20 on both Pattambi and Muthuthala sides. The projected number of buildings to be affected is 13 and the extent of land to be acquired is approximately 155 cents. The cost of land acquisition was projected as Rs.740 lakhs and the

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 12 Taluk, Palakkad estimated total cost of project was Rs.3725 lakhs. The salient features of the alignments are given in the below table

Table 2.3.1

Nos. / Sl.No: Particulars Unit Rate Cost Extent A Land Acquisition

1 Land for Flyover & Approach Road Cent 155 400000 62000000

Approx. Total Value of Land Rs.62000000 B Structures Affected

1 Number of Structures

a Pucca Nos 7

b Katcha Nos 2

2 Number of Commercial Structures

a Pucca Nos 4

b Kutcha Nos 0

3 Approximate Area of Pucca Structures Sqm 995.00 11600 11542000

4 Approximate Area of Katcha Structures Sqm 50.00 10000 500000

C Number of occupants including affected

1 Number of Commercial Owners Nos

2 Number of Commercial Tenants Nos

3 Number of Residential Owners Nos

4 Number of Residential Tenants Nos

Sub Total cost for LA (Approx) Rs.74042000

D Bridge Structure

1 Railway portion, composite structure RM 37.4 1800000 67320000

The project cost estimates have been prepared considering various items of works associated with the identified improvements. Detailed estimates for quantities (considering preliminary designs and conveyance of materials) and cost for the entire project (civil packages wise), is worked out based on MoRTH’s Standard Data Book and latest Kerala PWD schedule of rates as per PWD Project Information and Cost Estimation (PRICE) software. Cost index of 37.25 % of Palakkad district as on 01/10/2017 is considered and wherever the data is not available, rates are worked out based on market rates.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 13 Taluk, Palakkad

Table 2.3.2

Abstract of Estimate

Sl. No. Description Amount (INR)

1 Cost of construction 231,563,260.55 2 Utility Shifting 40,00,000.00 3 Maintenance during defect liability period 10,00,000.00 4 Land Acquisition 8,87,75,083.11 5 Preliminary expenses 16,00,000.00 TOTAL 326,938,343.66 32.69 Crores

It is proposed that 50% of the construction cost will be shared by the Railways. Accordingly the railway will directly construct the railway portion and will reimburse a portion of the construction cost of the approaches, so that the overall share of railway will be 50% of the construction cost. The state has to mobilize the entire amount required for the land acquisition and for the construction of approach portion initially.

The major risks identified with the project are adverse weather condition, unforeseen shortages of labour or materials, strikes, disputes and damage to person and property due to fire, flood, earth quake, etc. The chances of occurrence of various unexpected and adverse effects were analyzed considering the ground condition and subsequently the mitigation measures were proposed.

Table 2.3.3

Project Risk and Mitigation Measures

Sl. No. Risk Mitigation measures proposed

School building area shall be acquired for smooth Land acquisition 1 progress of the work and complete project on time. Adverse weather condition Proper planning and works below ground level to be 2 completed before monsoon. Proper work scheduling Shortage of labour and Shall be handled by the Contractor by making the same 3 materials available

Strikes This shall be accounted by additional working hours/ 4 augmentation of resources thereafter

Increased communication and reviews to avoid

occurrences of disputes.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 14 Taluk, Palakkad

Any disputes to be settled without delay by properly 5 Disputes assessing the situation and arriving at a win-win situation

Damage to person and Proper safety measures shall be ensured during

property due to safety issues or construction. 6 force majeure Insurance coverage Project Management risks : Institutionalizing an activity based project schedule

This includes change in Regular reviews and assessment of progress

priorities , overload, Shall be avoided by appointing well experienced and communication issues, lack of reputed organizations as implementation agencies. coordination , in experienced Proper monitoring 7 work force, etc. Constant reviews Organizational risk : This includes in experienced staff, Each unit in the Project Management Organization is

in sufficient time to plan, loosing planned considering minimizing the organizational risk

critical staff at critical time, 8 Inconsistent cost, time, scope, and quality objectives Objection from the local Settled by setting a time limit without affecting the work 9 community progress Contractual relations: The chance of occurrence of the same is very less as the Issues arise due to frame works are completed and finalised in the initial permit and license, new stage itself. However, in case of occurrence immediate 10 stake holders, priority measures shall be adopted changes, funding changes Proper ID cards Security issues due to Surveillance measures

laborers Entry restrictions 11 Minimum activities during peak time

2.4 Examination of alternatives

The Kodumunda LC is situated in a heavily built up area. Since there are sharp bends in the existing road alignment near LC, Flyover is so aligned that a smooth curve connects the straight stretches. This causes the alignment to deviate from the existing road. The geometrical alignment was acceptable with slopes within the ruling gradient as specified by the IRC codes. With respect to the alignment, span arrangement and type of road over bridge, three alternatives with cost-benefit implications have studied and the alternative (Alternative 2) with lowest construction cost and least structural damages was selected and considered for DPR preparation. The three alternatives examined are detailed as follows.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 15 Taluk, Palakkad

Alternative 1

The flyover is so proposed that it crosses the railway track at around 40.00m from the existing LC. The alignment has a slope of 1 in 20 on both Pattambi and Muthuthala sides. The number of buildings affected is 16. The land area to be acquired comes to 171.61 cents. The cost of land acquisition comes to Rs.860 lakhs. The estimated cost of project is Rs.3730 lakhs.

Alternative 2

The Flyover is so proposed that it crosses the railway track at around 76.00 m from the existing LC. The alignment has a slope of 1 in 20 on both Pattambi and Muthuthala sides. The number of buildings affected is 13 and the land area to be acquired comes to 155 cents. The cost of land acquisition comes to Rs.740 lakhs. The estimated cost of project is Rs.3725 lakhs.

Alternative 3

The Flyover is so proposed that it crosses the railway track at around 43.00m from the existing LC. The alignment has a slope of 1 in 20 on both Muthuthala and Pattambi sides. The number of buildings affected is 12. The land area to be acquired comes to 172 cents. The cost of land acquisition comes to Rs.809 lakhs. The estimated cost of project is Rs.3731 lakhs.

2.5 Phases of the project construction

The requiring body has adopted Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and a detailed Work Program Schedule is enclosed with Annexure IV in DPR. WBS in project management and systems engineering, is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components. WBS is a hierarchical and incremental decomposition of the project into phases, deliverables and work packages. It shows a subdivision of effort required to achieve an objective; for example a program, project and contract.

2.6 Core design features & size and type of facilities

The Design Standards given in IRC codes, guidelines and special publications and MoRTH circulars as applicable to National Highways are followed for this project. For aspects not covered by IRC and BIS, international standard practices are followed. General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) and Alignment Plan showing the salient features of the road over bridge and structures proposed to be constructed / reconstructed along the road sections are covered in the DPR. These salient features such as alignment, overall length, span arrangement, cross section, deck level, founding level, type of road over bridge components (superstructure,

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 16 Taluk, Palakkad substructure, foundations, bearings, expansion joint, return walls etc.) are finalised based upon the hydraulic and geotechnical studies, cost effectiveness and ease of construction. The GAD is supplemented by Preliminary designs. With respect to span arrangement and type of road over bridge, a few alternatives with cost-benefit implications are checked and the best alternative was selected. Sub Structure design is performed as per the standard loadings with IRC 112 – 2011. A possible aesthetic design are expected to be followed. The following are some of the main features of the project

. Length of the Flyover including Railway Portion will be 500.3m. Railway Portion being 37.40 m. . The Pattambi side will be 270.78 m having 46.78 m on embankments with retaining walls and balance 224.0 m portion on RCC trestles. . The Shornur side will be 192.13 m having 64.13 m on embankments with retaining walls and balance 128.0 m on RCC trestles). . RCC I-girder and cast in situ deck slab of span 16 m in a total of 22 spans is adopted. . Footpath is considered at one side and RCC crash barrier is considered on either sides of the carriage way. . The total width of the two-lane approach is 10.15 m. Carriage way width is 7.5m with crash barrier of 0.45 m on both sides. . Bored cast in-situ piles foundation is provided for the flyover. M 35 grade concrete is provided. . Pile cap is provided for pile group at each pier point. M35 grade concrete and Fe 500 steel are used. . M35 grade concrete is used for construction of RCC I-girder. . M35 grade concrete is used for construction of deck slab.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The requirement of roadside drainage system and the integration of the same with proposed cross-drainage system shall be worked out for the entire length of the project section. Considering scope for future expansion, permanent drains are to be done at all locations.

The designed drainage system should show locations of turnouts/outfall points with details of outfall structures fitting into natural contours.

TRAFFIC SAFETY DESIGNS, ROAD FURNITURE AND ROAD MARKINGS

Suitable traffic safety features and road furniture including traffic signals, signs, markings, overhead sign boards, crash barriers, delineators etc. are designed. The locations of these features are given in the DPR and also shown in the drawings.

The Design Standards evolved for the project has covered all aspects of detailed design including the design of geometric elements, pavement design and materials. DPR could be referred for details.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 17 Taluk, Palakkad

2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities

The proposed Kodumunda flyover project at LC No.167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur-Kozhikode Railway line is significant for the development of the region considering the train and road traffic. The project covers Flyover Bridge with two lane carriageway with footpath on one side. Construction of approach roads, Railway span, drainages, traffic safety infrastructure and movement of existing utilities have also incorporated in the Detailed Project Report (DPR). The future needs such as Bus Station and roads etc. may be included while implementing the project as per the scheme and provisions.

2.8 Workforce requirements (temporary and permanent)

Project Management Organisation (RBDCK) shall manage the project with a 3 member technical team which involves in taking up the important decisions for the project. The external project management consultant appointed by RBDCK Ltd. will be responsible for quality control, safety at site and also involves in monitoring the day to day activities at site. The Engineer in charge of the project is bound to hold the responsibilities and authority as mentioned in Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) book 1987, 4th edition.

The contractor will be appointed through competitive bidding and has to execute the work as per the conditions mentioned in the contract agreement. The work schedule for the project is prepared by the contractor which will be reviewed by the Project management organisation (RBDCK Ltd.) and external consultancy on a regular basis to ensure timely completion of the project.

2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports

As per the Detailed Project Report (October 2017), the proposed Flyover doesn’t fall under protected areas such as Forest/Wild Life Sanctuary/NP Areas/Biodiversity Areas/Ecologically Sensitive Areas and hence the prior clearances are not applicable under Forest Conservation Act, 1980 nor Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

The DPR published in October 2017 included Technical Feasibility Studies, Cost Benefit Analysis, Risk Assessment and other major investigations such as Topographical /Traffic surveys and Hydraulic/ Geotechnical studies. However as per the available information, no studies to assess social impact of the project are conducted in the past.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 18 Taluk, Palakkad

2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed land acquisition for constructing Kodumunda Flyover are:

. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. . Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition vide G.O (Ms) NO.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015. . Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for Land Acquisition in the State in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017. . Right to Information Act, 2005

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 19 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 3

Team Composition, Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment

3.1 Team Members

Vide Government Notification No. DCPKD/3506/2018-C 5 dated 12/07/2019, the SIA Unit of Rajagiri Outreach, was appointed to conduct Social Impact Assessment Study and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLAR&R) Act, 2013. Further, a team was constituted with experts who have engaged in similar projects and deployed them into the project with a set of definite roles and responsibilities.

Table (3.1)

Sl. No Name Qualification and Experience Designation PhD, MA (PM& IR) 25 Years in Management 1. Dr. Binoy Joseph Principal and Chairperson and Development Ms. Meena Kuruvilla MSW 30 years in Development 2. Project Director sector BA 24 years in Development 3. Mr. Biju C P Development Officer-SIA sector MSW 2 years in Development Mr. Gigin P S 4. Research Associate sector MSW 1 year in Development Mr. Albin Noble 5. Research Associate sector MSW 1 year in Development Ms. Jaisy K M 6. Research Associate sector

3.2 Methodology and Rationale

As per the Notification and Schedule (DCPKD/3506/2018-C 5 dated 12/07/2019) issued by District Collector, Palakkad, 10 land plots comprising of public and private land are reported to be acquired in Muthuthala Village in order to construct Kodumunda Flyover. However, our researchers have identified 21 directly affected Persons who own and hold the land in the

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 20 Taluk, Palakkad

Survey Nos.- 101, 204, 208, 210, 211, 212 and 215 through which the alignment has been marked (Survey Marker) for the project. Further 5 business units and employees working in the units were also included in this study. To infer crucial information required to assess the impact and to prepare Mitigation and SIA Management Plan, our field investigators have visited households and commercial offices in the region and collected information through a structured questionnaire. Further, to collect the information and assess the impact of one of the affected parties who was not available in the location during survey, a telephonic interview was held.

Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interviews of Affected Persons, Administrators, Civil Officers and other important stakeholders were also held by the expert qualitative researchers of the SIA Unit to gather common, specific and perceived impact of the project. The published reports and designs from RBDCK Ltd., Ernakulam were also referred in this study.

3.3 Sampling

As the size of the land to be transferred for the project by the affected person and extent of impact due to latter is unique for each, a population Socio-Economic-Impact Survey was found to be appropriate over sampling method. Further, respondent size was found to be 21 land owners and five commercial units and hence was possible to collect the information in the limited timeframe as per the scheme of the study.

3.4 Overview of Data Sources

Both primary and secondary information were collected and analysed through mixed method by the expert quantitative and qualitative researchers. Secondary information and published reports from concerned offices of RBDCK/Revenue/Panchayat/Civil Stations were collected and referred by the field investigators at multiple stages.

A unique structured questionnaire was prepared, tested and validated to collect information from affected persons through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey. A separate questionnaire was prepared for directly affected (land owners) as well as for indirectly affected (tenants and

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 21 Taluk, Palakkad employees of tenants). All affected persons were participated in the survey and have responded to the questionnaire interview. Survey contained questions aimed to collect the information such as Demographic/ Economic/ Family/ Livelihood, details of performing/non- performing assets in the project land and the types/degree of impact. Further, qualitative data through Key Informant Interviews and FGD were also included in the study. The response and data points were analysed through a statistical software and findings have reported along with recommendations.

3.5 Schedule of Consultation Meetings/ Public Hearings

As part of the study, multiple meetings/interviews/discussions were held with important stakeholders.

Table 3.5

Date Activity/Event/Meeting Venue

19/8/2019 Pilot Study and Key Informant Kodumunda and Muthuthala Interviews Panchayat Office August 21, Socio-Economic Survey and Key Kodumunda 28 and 29, Informant Interviews 2019 Meeting with Land Acquisition Officer, Collectorate, Palakkad

Distribution of Notice and broadcasting Kodumunda about Public Hearing Meeting

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 22 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 4

Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources

The proposed Kodumunda Flyover project would require 54.50 Ares (Approximate) of land in Muthuthala Village of Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad. The identified land comprises of both private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Field, Well, Canal, PWD Road and other open land owned by government. The Flyover will replace Level Cross No. 167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur-Kozhikode Railway line and connects Muthuthala and Pattambi, ensuring faster and safe transportation between Pattambi and via Pallipuram. Project location with the help of Google Map is exhibited below.

Exhibit 4.1

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 23 Taluk, Palakkad

As per the primary sources, fourteen residential building, and five commercial units will be fully affected due to the proposed Kodumunda flyover. Further the computer centre of AM LP School will also be affected. Project site also includes numerous trees and active farms.

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition)

Kodumunda is a small village in Muthuthala Panchayat of Pattambi Taluk. It is located 65 KM West of district capital-Palakkad at 10.809966, 76.149299 map coordinates. Village is located ashore of Bharathappuzha, a major river in Kerala and the region has been known for paddy and other farming. Kodumunda hosts the only railway station (Halts only for passenger trains) in the Panchayat in the Shornur-Kozhikode railway line and the proposed flyover would replace Level Cross No. 167 at km 593/8-9. With over 68 trains passing daily through the LC, the area is prone to frequent congestion, causing traffic issues to around 3000 motor vehicles on a daily basis.

Pattambi and Valanchery are two major towns in North Kerala and the public transportation via Pallipuram would require faster and safer road networks. Further, there are many religious/ educational institutions and civil organisations located across the railway track and the proposed flyover replacing Kodumunda LC will have a significant positive impact in the region.

Exhibit 4.2

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 24 Taluk, Palakkad

4.3 Total land requirement for the project

As per the Notification and Schedule released by District Collector, a total extent of 54.50 Ares of land in Block No. 27 having Survey Nos.- 204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235 from Muthuthala Village of Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad district is mapped to be acquired. The identified land comprises of both private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Field, Well, Canal, PWD Road and other open land owned by government.

4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area

Canal, PWD road and other open land owned by government are included in the project land for the construction of Kodumunda flyover which would replace Level Cross No. 167 at km 593/8-9 IN Shornur-Kozhikode railway line.

4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project

The concerned authorities have mapped to acquire 54.50 Ares of land for the proposed construction of Kodumunda flyover. As per the available information from the concerned departments, no land has been either leased or purchased for the project yet.

4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project

Kodumunda is a small village located between Pattambi and Muthuthala and 54.50 Ares of land in Survey Nos. - 204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235 of Block No. 27 are identified to be acquired for the project. Paddy and Coconut farming have been the traditional means of income for the people in the region and the presence of Bharathapuzha makes the land fertile and water-sufficient for farming. The quality of soil is known to be strong enough for heavy structures, but would require piling and other measures at certain areas subject to the inspection and validation of the competent civil bodies.

Though included in the approved DPR, the existing design and alignment have been opposed by the affected persons as the project is likely to displace 13 families including newly built residential houses. The petitioners have suggested for an alternate design, wherein no major structure will be affected and the requiring body may consider the design duly inspected and take alteration if any.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 25 Taluk, Palakkad

4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns

As a village located at Bharathappuzha basin, Kodumunda is a fertile and water-sufficient region and is known for paddy and coconut fields. However, due to rise in residential and commercial buildings and poor cost efficiency, the farming has been gradually decreased in the last two decades. Our field investigators have identified 21 directly affected persons whose land is mapped to acquire for the proposed Kodumunda flyover project.

The socio-economic survey reveals that Twelve (12) land plots are classified into ‘Purayidom’, whereas Two (2) land plots have termed as ‘NilamNikathuPurayidom’. The affected land also includes Seven (7) ‘Nilam’ which indicates dying, yet prevalent uses of land for farming. (Figure 4.7.1). The present uses of land is found to be diverse and as illustrated in Figure 4.7.2, Thirteen (13) plots have residential building and Five (5) plots are being used for commercial utilities. While Two (2) plots are used for agricultural purposes, an LP School is functional in one (1) of the affected land plots.

As per the primary data source, the affected land has Eleven (11) Well and Five (5) Bore well system for the irrigation as well as for drinking water requirements. The project land also has various types of crops and Table 4.7.1 details the classification of tress and units to be affected.

Figure 4.7.1

Classification of Land

2

7 12

Purayidom Nilam NilamNikathuPurayidom

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 26 Taluk, Palakkad

Figure 4.7.2

Uses of Land

14 13

12

10

8

6 5

4 2 2 1

0 Residential Commercial Agricultural Educational

Table 4.7.1 No. of S # Type of Tree Units 1 Mango Tree 29 2 Pepper Vine 20 3 Gooseberry Tree 1 4 Tree 7 5 Moringa 3 6 Coconut Tree 42 7 Teak 5 8 Neem Tree 4 9 Areca Palm 27 10 Sapota Tree 2 11 Guava Tree 3 12 Plantain Tree 80

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 27 Taluk, Palakkad

4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses

As per the present design and alignment, the Kodumunda flyover project would directly affect 21 person whose land is mapped for the acquisition procedures. The survey reveals that Thirteen (13) residential houses including the recently built structures will be affected and shall displace these families.

As illustrated in Figure 4.8.1, Twelve (12) persons hold a land area of less than 10 Ares and 4 persons hold an area in the range of 10-20 Ares. No. of persons holding a land extent in the range of 20-30 Ares and above 30 Ares are Three (3) and Two (2) respectively. The year on which the affected person hold ownership ranges from 1950 to 2016 and decade wise ownership status of the affected land is presented in Figure 4.8.2. While Seventeen (17) persons have inherited the land from their ancestors, Four (4) have bought the land to arrive at ownership (Figure 4.8.3)

Figure 4.8.1

Total Land Owned by Affected Persons 14 12 12

10

8

6 4 4 3

No. of Affecred Persons Affecred of No. 2 2

0 0-10 10-20 20-30 Above 30 Land Plots in Ares

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 28 Taluk, Palakkad

Figure 4.8.2

Year of Ownership 7

6 6 6 5

4 4 3

2 2 No. of Ownership of No. 1 1 1 1 0

Year Range

Figure 4.8.3

Forms of Ownership

4

17

Inherited Bought

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 29 Taluk, Palakkad

4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years

The perceptive market value of the land is reported to be around 3 Lakhs per cent and will be varied based on the size of plots and value in the specific area. One of the affected persons have bought the land in the year 2016 and the remaining are known to be the legal holders of the land well before 2016.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 30 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 5

Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families

As per the notification from District Collector, Palakkad, Ten (10) plots comprising of public and private lands are aligned for the construction of Kodumunda flyover in Muthuthala Village at Pattambi Taluk. Contrary to this, land plots owned by Twenty One (21) persons are found to be affected by the field investigators of the SIA unit as guided by the Survey Stones fixed by the Revenue Department. While Thirteen (13) residential buildings are known to be affected, Five (5) units engaged in commercial activities as well as a portion of a Lower Primary School will also be impacted.

5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired)

The land aligned for the project belongs to 21 families in Muthuthala Panchayat of Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad and list of them is given in Table 5.1.1.

Table 5.1.1 Name of the Affected Ward Survey S # Person Address No. No. Kunnathodi House, 1 Ali Kunnathodi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 215/5 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 2 Hamsa P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 3 Saithalavi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 211/1 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 4 K.T.Kunjalan P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 215/29 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 5 Ashraf P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 210/2 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 6 Abdul Rasheed P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 210/2

Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 7 Abdul Kamal P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 210/2

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 31 Taluk, Palakkad

Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 8 Siddhique P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 12 211/20

Kunnathodi Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 211/19,2 9 Shamsudheen P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 12 11/20 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 10 Muhammed Hussain P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/15 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 11 Muhammed Kutty P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/15 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 12 Abbas Kunnathodi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/20 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 13 Gopalakrishnan P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/13 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 14 Saithalavi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 13 Karthyayani Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 15 Kunnathodi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/13-2 Saithali, Abbas, 211/7,21 Moideenkutty,Hamsak Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 1/8,211/9 16 utty,Fathima P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad-673303 12 ,211/10 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 17 Rasheed Kunnathodi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 204/14 Kunnathodi House, Perumudiyoor 18 Veeran Kunnathodi P.O.,Pattambi,Palakkad -673303 10 208/12-1 Poozhikunnath House, Perumudiyoor 19 Kunjumoideen P.O.,Kodumunda,,Palakkad -673303 12 212/1 Alickal House, Perumudiyoor 20 Azeeya Alickal P.O.,Kodumunda,,Palakkad -673303 10 204/20 A.M.L.P. School,Kodumunda, Near Railway 21 K.T.Sailathali Gate, Palakkad -673303 10 101/9A

5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights

Kodumunda is village located ashore of Bharathappuzha in Palakkad district. The project is expected to have an effect on two Scheduled Caste families among others. Neither any Scheduled Tribes, nor any other community with special forest rights are reported to be affected with the project.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 32 Taluk, Palakkad

5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood

As reported in the Socio-economic survey, the project is likely to cause hindrance to access electricity for one of the families and two other families may face issues with respect to transportation and access to other facilities in the village. No property resources such as Canal, Pond etc. are not shared among the affected persons at present and hence no adverse effect on the same.

5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition

No families in recent years were assigned land by any government and no such land will be affected.

5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land

Kodumunda is a rural village in Muthtuthala Panchayat. As reported in the Survey conducted by SIA unit, most of the affected persons have been residing in the village for a longer period and none is found to be moved from an urban area in the last three years.

5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition

Four affected families have reported that the major source of income in their familiy is farming, And the acquisition of land for Kodumunda flyover will affect livelihood of three families among them. Further, one another affected person who owns and manages LP School in the village will also have an adverse impact on the primary livelihood as the project land alignment included portion of the school building.

5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands)

One of the directly affected persons runs a LP School in Kodumunda and the project is likely to affect a portion of the building. Six (6) teachers and one (1) administrative staff employed by the School are likely to be affected. The proposed Kodumunda flyover is also expected to affect the livelihood of three tenants who runs commercial units such as Fabrication/

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 33 Taluk, Palakkad

Welding Works and Hardware Shop. Income in the families of four (4) staffs employed by the latter will also have an adverse impact due to the aforesaid project.

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

The in and around areas of Kodumunda Level Cross is a known habitat for living as well as for farming and is reported that Thirteen residential buildings will be affected including the recently built structures. In addition to the functioning school building, four units engaged in commercial activities are also fall in the project site. Statistics of productive trees and crops to be affected are illustrated in Table 4.7.1.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 34 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 6

Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area

Kodumunda is a quiet and serene rural village in Muthuthala Panchayat of Palakkad District. The busy Shornur-Kozhikode railway line passes through the region and the proposed project is devised to replace the gated Level Cross in the village. It is understood that 21 families will be directly affected with the project and the details furnished herewith are the results of the household Socio-Economic survey conducted in August 2019.

As given in the figure 6.1.1, Islam faith is dominated among the affected persons as 19 families follow the religion and belongs to OBC as social group. The remaining two families follow and fall under SC category.

The gender statistics of the affected families reveal that male population (N= 65) is 1.27 times higher than the female group (N=51) which is contrary to the higher female ratio against the male group in the state of Kerala. Figure 6.1.2

While analysing age of the affected population (Figure 6.1.3), it is found that adult in the age group of 26-40 outnumbered the rest with 29 of them, followed by 21 persons falling in 41- 60 and 7-17 in each age group. Similarly, presence of young adults (18-25), children (<6) and elders (60-80) in the families are comparatively high and enumerated as 19, 14 and 12 respectively. The affected population also has one person above 80 years of age.

With regards to the education background of the affected persons, survey reveals that Thirty Nine (39) people in the affected families have High School qualification, whereas Nineteen (19) are either pursuing or completed Higher Secondary School education. While Twenty Three (23) have LP School qualification, No. of persons with UP School qualification is only Eleven (11). Number of individuals with UG and PG qualification are Eight (8) and Three (3) respectively. (Figure 6.1.4)

As illustrated in Table 6.1.1 detailing the marital status of adults in the affected families, about half of the population is married (N=71) and Seven (7) are reported as unmarried. Survey also counts Four (4) person as widow.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 35 Taluk, Palakkad

Figure 6.1.1

Religion

2

19

Hindu Muslim

Figure 6.1.2

Gender

51

65

Male Female

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 36 Taluk, Palakkad

Figure 6.1.3

Age of Affected Persons 35 29 30 25 21 21 19 20 14 15 12 Population 10 5 1 0 < 6 7-17 18-25 26-40 41-60 61-80 > 80 Age

Figure 6.1.4

Education 45 40 39 35 30 25 23 20 19

Population 15 10 11 8 5 3 0 LP School UP School High School Higher UG PG Secondary School Level of Education

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 37 Taluk, Palakkad

Table 6.1

Marital Status of Adults

Status Population Married 71 Unmarried 7 Separated 0 Widowhood 4

6.2 Income and poverty levels

With regards to the income level of the population, Twenty (20) affected families have promptly participated in the survey and one respondent didn’t give the required information. Income level of the affected families is found to be diverse, ranging from INR 6,000 to INR 40,000 per month. Figure 6.2.1 furnishes the income level of 20 families and Eight (8) families earn an income in the range of INR 30,000-40,000 per month, followed by Seven (7) families fall in INR 10,000-20,000 category. While Three (3) families earn between INR 20,000 and 30,000, Two (2) families earns less than INR 10,000 in a month. The average monthly income of the affected families is INR 22,400, whereas the average expenditure in a month is known to be INR 17,200. The ratio of earning member with that of dependent is 1: 3.23.

As illustrated in Figure 6.2.2, Eight (8) families hold Pink ration card and is classified into Below Poverty Line. Six (6) families having Blue ration card and Seven (7) families holding White ration card indicates that the majority of the affected population live above poverty line as per the government standards.

Figure 6.2.1

Income Level 10 8 8 7 6 4 3 2 2

No. of Families Families of No. 0 <10,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-30,000 30,000-40,000

Monthly Income (INR)

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 38 Taluk, Palakkad

Figure 6.2.2

Ration Card 10 8 8 7 6 6 4

2 No. of Families of No. 0 Pink Blue White Type

6.3 Vulnerable groups

The proposed Kodumunda Flyover replacing gated Level Cross No. 167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur-Kozhikode railway line would require acquisition of land from Muthuthala village. Though major aspects of Human Development Index such as education, income, health etc. are found to be positive, there are certain vulnerable groups especially children and elders who would require special attention while implementing the project. No. of Children under 6 years of age is Fourteen (14) and elders whose age is above 60 years is Thirteen (13). Further there are Four (4) widows and One (1) cardiac patient among the affected persons who would also be vulnerable due to the project.

6.4 Land use and livelihood

As furnished in Figure 4.7.2, Thirteen (13) land plots are classified into ‘Residential’ and some of these plots are engaged into farming as well. While Five (5) plots are being used for ‘Commercial’ purposes, Two (2) are unused ‘Agricultural’ (Paddy) land. The remaining one plot belongs to A.M.L.P school in the village and is used for ‘Educational’ (Not for Profit) purposes. It was reported in the household survey that the project is likely to affect the primary source of livelihood for three families.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 39 Taluk, Palakkad

6.5 Local economic activities

The excerpts from Socio-Economic Survey reports that Business in local towns, Jobs in Middle East Countries constitute the major source for household income and livelihood, yet a minority is engaged in farming and other daily wage jobs.

6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods

Fishing and farming were the two prominent and traditional livelihood activities in the village, thanks to Bharathappuzha flowing through the region. The boom in the construction sector since end of the last century resulted in sand mining and became a leading source of income in the village households until the sand mining in the river banned few years ago. The growing town of Pattambi also attracted many businessmen and workmen from the village and finds livelihood means.

6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization

As observed by the expert team of SIA, people generally live in harmony and work together for the development of the region. Schools, Religious and Cultural Organisations are also present in the region and the most notable being AM.L.P School, a school established in the year 1921.

6.8 Administrative organization

Muthuthala Village, Muthuthala Grama Panchayat Office, The government Ayurvedic dispensary, Office of Assistant Director of Agriculture, Regional Agricultural Research Station etc. are some of the administrative organisations located in the vicinity of project site, however none are being affected directly with the proposed Kodumunda Flyover.

6.9 Political organization

Kodumunda is a small village in Muthuthala Panchayat and centred on the gated Railway Cross in the busy Shornur-Kozhikode railway line. No political organisation is observed to be located in the immediate vicinity of the project site.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 40 Taluk, Palakkad

6.10 Community based and civil society organizations

A committee of the affected persons and other key persons was constituted to propose an alternate alignment plan to the concerned organisation. Though no religious or community based organisations are directly affected with the project, access to these institutions is likely to be changed with the proposed flyover. Kodumunda has many temples and mosques and the most notable being Nedunganad Muthassiyarkavu. Sree Maniyampathur Saraswathi Temple is another prominent temple and is situated at West Kodumunda. Kodumunda Jumamasjid and West Kodumunda Jumamasjid are two important mosques in the village. Muthassiyarkavu thalapoli, Valavil kshethram (Cheruneerkara Shiva temple) Shivaratri are the major festivals in Kodumunda, and are celebrated annually. Kodumunda Nercha, celebrating as national festival is considered as another important festival in the area.

6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes

Kodumunda is a rural village in Muthuthala Panchayat, placed between the Taluk Head Quarters- Pattambi and Muthuthala town. Located in the banks of River Bharathappuzha, the region was known for farming especially for paddy and coconut. The real estate boom in the year 2008-2014 and poor cost efficiency in the agro-sector resulted in the land being used for residential and commercial purposes. The migration of natives to foreign countries especially in Middle East and resulting rise in household income inflated this phenomenon.

The term ‘Kodumunda’ is recorded in the history of Shornur-Kozhikode Railway line and the Level Cross has been functional since the existing road was constructed, connecting Pattambi and Muthuthala decades ago. Since then, it has evolved as the commercial centre of the village. To leapfrog the development of the region, a faster and safer road network is essential and the proposed flyover is likely to become a catalysts for the same.

6.12 Quality of the living environment

Major population in the project area live Above Poverty Line with access to facilities such as Schools, Religious Centres, Civil Organisations, Social Groups etc.. Due to its close access with Pattambi, the facilities in the town are also being used widely especially for Health, Education and Livelihood.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 41 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 7

Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation

To assess the mitigation, the expert research team of SIA Unit has adopted an approach that is spanned in three phases. In the first phase, a physical observation of the area was held and conducted a pilot study to understand major risks and opportunities involved with the project. Through a structured questionnaire, detailed dynamics of risks of each affected person is collected and analysed. Further, to understand generic and common risks involved with the project, in-depth interviews were held with selected key persons and stakeholders of the project. A public hearing is being scheduled for a comprehensive measurement of risk and to mitigate it in the third phase.

7.2 Measures to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact

The construction of Kodumunda flyover replacing LC No. 167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur- Kozhikode railway line was proposed by Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. as an important infrastructure work for the development in South Malabar region. Among the three alternatives under scrutiny, RBDCK Ltd. has adopted the existing design, considering not only the lower estimated cost of the project, but the minimal impact to the residential buildings as well. However, with the existing alignment plan, Thirteen (13) residential buildings are understood to be affected and total of Twenty One (21) families are to be directly impacted. Further, the tenants and employees working in the owned and rented organisation/ commercial units are known to be indirectly affected with the project. The following measures may be taken to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact

 Compensation for the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and Kerala Rules 2015.  Resettlement and Rehabilitation procedure as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 42 Taluk, Palakkad

 Examine the alternative design proposed by the affected persons in which no/ minimal residential buildings are affected  Ensure that the water bodies such as canals, streams etc. in the vicinity of the project and river Bharathappuzha are not affected and has to recreate if those are affected so as to avoid flood and other disaster in the future.  Reinstall common facilities such Roads and Walkways to residential/ other properties which are expected to affect due to the implementation of the project  Measures to rebuild the affected portion of A.M.L.P School  Take possible measures to recreate income source for the directly and indirectly affected persons  Distribute saplings and take initiatives to plant trees to safeguard the environment  Safety of the people while constructing the flyover and healthy disposal of wastages which may arise out of construction should be ensured.

7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act

The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal

Major risks identified by the Requiring Body and measures to mitigate are given in the table below as presented in the Detailed Project Report.

Table 7.4.

Sl.No Risk Mitigation measures proposed

1 Land acquisition School building area shall be acquired for smooth progress of the work and complete project on time.

2 Adverse weather condition Proper planning and works below ground level to be completed before monsoon.

Proper work scheduling 3 Shortage of labour and materials Shall be handled by the Contractor by making the

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 43 Taluk, Palakkad

same available

This shall be accounted by additional working 4 Strikes hours/ augmentation of resources thereafter

Increased communication and reviews to avoid

occurrences of disputes. 5 Disputes Any disputes to be settled without delay by properly assessing the situation and arriving at a win-win situation Damage to person and Proper safety measures shall be ensured during 6 property due to safety construction. issues or force majeure Insurance coverage Project Management risks : Institutionalizing an activity based project

schedule

This includes change in

priorities , overload, 7 communication issues, lack of coordination , in Regular reviews and assessment of progress experienced work force, etc.

Shall be avoided by appointing well experienced and reputed organizations as implementation agencies.

Proper monitoring

Constant reviews Organizational risk :

This includes in experienced 8 staff, in sufficient time to Each unit in the Project Management plan, loosing critical staff at Organization is planned considering minimizing critical time, Inconsistent the organizational risk cost, time, scope, and quality objectives Objection from the 9 Settled by setting a time limit without affecting local community the work progress

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 44 Taluk, Palakkad

7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA

As per the existing alignment, Thirteen (13) residential buildings are included in the project site and a committee of affected persons have taken initiatives to correspond with the Requiring Body and other concerned departments and personnel to consider the alternate design and alignment proposed by them. As per the plan, the Flyover will start from the point at ‘Kodumunda Valavu’ and ends on ‘Theeradesham Road’ and no residential buildings will be affected. The alignment proposed by the committee is exhibited below.

Exhibit 7.5

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 45 Taluk, Palakkad

7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy

The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

Table 7.6 S # Mitigation Strategy Activities Timeline

1 Compensation and Assessing the impact Resettlement Calculation of Compensation Transfer of land and Disbursement of Compensation 2 Recreation of Common Construction of common facilities Facilities along with Flyover construction 3 Livelihood Impact Reinstall livelihood opportunities for Mitigation the affected persons 5 Mitigation to ensure Implement safety measures and safety and continuous develop plan of action for the transportation undisrupted transportation and to dispose construction wastages

7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

With respect to Land Acquisition, the requiring body has identified acquisition of school building as a major risk and committed to undertake necessary actions and shall settle objection from local community by setting a time limit without affecting the work in progress and to complete project on time. Excerpts from DPR

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 46 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 8

Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures

The project of constructing the Kodumunda Flyover at Muthuthala Panchayat in Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad was proposed by Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. Government of Kerala has appointed various key persons through formal order with clear roles and responsibilities in accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.

RTFCTLARR Act, 2013 defines the Administrator appointed by the State Government would be the person responsible for Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence, directions and control of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme shall vest in the Administrator.

As per G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015, The Kerala State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, the District Level Fair Compensation, Resettlement and Resettlement Committee comprising :

 District Collector, Administrator for resettlement and rehabilitation,  Land Acquisition officer  Finance Officer  Representatives of the requiring body to take financial decisions on its behalf,  Representatives of Local Self Government Institution to monitor the Rehabilitation Action Plan

8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations

Not applicable

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 47 Taluk, Palakkad

8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any

RBDCK Ltd. may provide necessary information to the governing offices and shall finalise the resources and capacities in consultation meetings.

8.4 Timelines for each activity

Timeline will be finalized as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 48 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 9

Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs

As per the DPR, the land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement cost is assessed to be Rs.887.75 lakhs for the proposed project. Important consideration and specific cost of the project dimensions are given below

a) The land area to be acquired depends on the width of the proposed Flyover and the width of the service roads running adjacent to them. As far as land acquisition is concerned, 109.14 cents and 43.64 cents of land is to be acquired on Pattambi and Muthuthala side respectively. For estimation purposes, current market prices have been used for the land and the amount work out to Rs.611.11lakhs. b) There are RCC buildings, Wells, Compound Wall, Tiled roof buildings etc. which are affected by land acquisition, and value of this amounts to be Rs.123.87 lakhs. c) Costs of resettlement and rehabilitation are proposed as Rs.100 lakhs as a token provision. d) Contingency charge @ 5% of the total of (a), (b) and (c) above, amounting to Rs.41.75 lakhs is to be deposited to District Collector as per Rule 4(3) and 4(5) of GO(P) No. 470/2015/RD. e) Cost of alignment demarcation, laying of boundary stone, preparation of structural valuation report and survey report, auctioning and overhead charges comes to Rs.11.01 lakhs.

Table 9.1

Item Unit Area Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) Amount (Rs in lakhs) Land Cost Pattambi Cent 109.1 4,00,000.00 4,36,57,029.90 4 Muthuthala Cent 43.64 4,00,000.00 1,74,54,904.87

Subtotal For Land 61,111,934.77 611.12 Structures Pattambi Side RCC House m2 120 11,600.00 13,92,000.00

RCC House m2 147 11,600.00 17,05,200.00

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 49 Taluk, Palakkad

RCC House m2 107 11,600.00 12,41,200.00 Muthuthala Side RCC Building m2 77.00 11,600.00 8,93,200.00 RCC Building m2 5 11,600.00 6,84,400.00 9 RCC Building m2 7 11,600.00 8,81,600.00 6 RCC House m2 165 11,600.00 19,14,000.00 RCC House m2 106 11,600.00 12,29,600.00 RCC House m2 36.12 11,600.00 4,18,992.00 RCC House m2 8 11,600.00 10,20,800.00 8 RCC House m2 4 11,600.00 5,45,200.00 7 Shed m2 2 9,000.00 1,89,000.00 1 Shed m2 2 9,000.00 2,52,000.00 8 Well No 1 20,000.00 20,000.00

Subtotal For Structure 12,387,192.00 123.87

Subtotal For Land & Structure 7,34,99,126.77 734.99

R & R 1,00,00,000.00 100.00

Sub Total 8,34,99,126.77 834.99

Contingency 5% 41,74,956.34 41.75

Preliminary Expenses 11,01,000.00 11.01

Total 8,87,75,083.11 887.75

9.2 Annual budget and plan of action

Not Available

9.3 Funding sources with break up

It was proposed that 50% of the construction cost will be shared by the Railways. Accordingly, the railway will directly construct the railway portion and will reimburse a portion of the construction cost of the approaches, so that the overall share of railway will be 50% of the construction cost. The Government of Kerala has to mobilize the entire amount required for the land acquisition and for the construction of approach portion initially. Railway will reimburse their share after completion of the project. (Excerpts from DPR, October 2017)

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 50 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 10

Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators

Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. shall work with the District Authorities and Land Acquisition Office and shall set specific indicators for appropriate and efficient management plan to mitigate social impact. Some of the broad and key monitoring and evaluative indicators are

 Fair compensation and resettlement measures as per RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013  Timely disbursement of funds to the affected families  Implementation of the proposed project in the timeframe defined  Safety and environmental measures  Number of livelihood opportunities recreated

10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles

Rehabilitation and Resettlement procedures as stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015 will be applicable.

10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Not Applicable

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 51 Taluk, Palakkad

Chapter 11

Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs

Faster and safer road networks are important determinants for the economic development and high living standards. Pallipuram and Muthtuthala are two densely populated villages of Pattambi Taluk and a modern road network between the regions is quintessential for the residents. Kodumunda is a small village in Palakkad district and located 6 KM away of Pattambi town. The railway gate LC No. 167 at km 593/8-9 in Shornur-Kozhikode railway line at Kodumunda has been causing regular congestion and traffic issues and RBDCK Ltd. has proposed to construct a flyover replacing the gate. The proposed flyover, covering 500.3 Meters including railway span would fit in the rationale for public purpose as the project is likely to reduce travelling time, traffic, pollution and energy consumption; and ensures a safer transportation through the region.

The requiring body has considered three design options and opted the option which displaces less and has a minimal project cost. However, the proposed design itself will displace 13 families and 21 families in total are to be affected directly. A committee of affected persons and local community has constituted and they have conducted an independent study to suggest an alternate design. A new alignment plan was formulated and as per the plan, no residential dwellings are affected and will not displace anyone in the region.

The district authorities have estimated that 54.50 Ares (Approximate) of land comprising of private as well as public land would be required for the project. As per the Government Order dated 12-07-2019 by District Collector, Palakkad, 10 plots in Block No. 27 having Survey Nos.- 204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 231, 232, 233, 234 and 235 are identified to be acquired.

The nature of impact vary from one to another. The project will displace Thirteen (13) families whose residential buildings will be affected. The SIA study reveals that Twenty One (21) families will be directly affected as their land/building lay in the alignment for the project. Besides, farming and commercial activities etc. will also be affected causing adverse impact on the livelihood of the people. Most of the affected families have been residing in

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 52 Taluk, Palakkad the region for a long time and the emotional attachment to the region should also be considered appropriately during rehabilitation and resettlement. Fair compensation and R & R Package based on RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013 is expected to cover major risks through its mitigation measures. Further, the affected persons in general are positive on the benefit of the proposed flyover as it is expected to reduce traffic, improve connectivity with other locations and is likely to result in appreciation of commercial value for land and other assets.

11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

Based on the analysis and assessment of the positive and negative impacts of the project of constructing Kodumunda Flyover at Muthuthala Village in Palakkad District, SIA Team recommends the project to implement with the possible alteration to the existing land mapping if any to help the affected families in threat of displacement. The project is expected to improve quality of living in the region especially on transportation and the same is empathised by the affected persons despite the negative impact the project leaves. The following are recommended to mitigate the impact

 Compensation for the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and Kerala Rules 2015.  Resettlement and Rehabilitation procedure as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013.  Examine the alternative design proposed by the affected persons in which no/ minimal residential buildings are affected  Ensure that the water bodies such as canals, streams etc. in the vicinity of the project and river Bharathappuzha are not affected and has to recreate if those are affected so as to avoid flood and other disaster in the future.  Reinstall common facilities such Roads and Walkways to residential/ other properties which are expected to affect due to the implementation of the project  Measures to rebuild the affected portion of A.M.L.P School  Take possible measures to recreate income source for the directly and indirectly affected persons  Distribute saplings and take initiatives to plant trees to safeguard the environment  Safety of the people while constructing the flyover and healthy disposal of wastages which may arise out of construction should be ensured.

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 53 Taluk, Palakkad

References

1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 2. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for acquisition of Land in the State in lieu of RCFTLAAR Act, 2013 G.O. (Ms) No. 448/2017/RD dated 20/12/2017 3. Notification and Schedule (No.DCPKD/3506/2018-C5) from District Collector, Palakkad dated 12/07/2019 4. Detailed Project Report for Construction of Flyover at Kodumunda in Palakkad District, RBDCK, October 2017 5. National Highways Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17 6. Kerala PWD- Road Bridge Maintenance Policy G.O (Ms.) No. 72/2016/PWD DATED 22/10/2016 7. www.rbdck.com 8. www.keralapwd.gov.in 9. Alternate design and letter by affected families (dated 19-01-2019) to RBDCK Ltd. to request to examine the design submitted

SIA Study_Draft Report_Land Acquisition for Railway Over Bridge at Kodumunda, Pattambi 54 Taluk, Palakkad