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A Andersen, Hans Christian, 97, 98 Abbott, G.F., 114–15, 133n7, 133n8 Andonike, 96 Acrites, 119 Androutsos, Odyseas, 68 Acritic Songs, 118 antiquity, 17, 19, 55, 105, 114, 116, Acropolis, 68 118, 121 Acropolis (Newspaper), 139 Apostolopoulos, Theodoros, 82, 87n33 Adam and Eve, 13, 79 apparitions, 121 Adrianople, 103 Arabs, 118 Adventures de Télémaque, 91 Archeological Society in Athens, Aegean Islands, 50, 102, 142 The, 22 Aegean Sea, 67, 69, 96, 103, 121 Archon, 41 Aesop, 8, 81, 91, 92, 96 Aries, Philippe, 43, 59n22 agriculture, vii Aristotle University, 163 Agrotes, 41 arithmetic, 24, 71, 77, 78, 87n39 Albania/Albanians, 7, 18, 20, 28n2, armatoloi, 68 40, 50–2, 54, 57, 60n35, 67, 75, Aromanians. See Vlachs 102, 126, 127, 139, 144 Arsenis, Ioannis, 79 Alexander the Great, 19, 112, 127–9 Arta, 32 Alexiou, Galatea, 146–7 Arvanites/Arvanitika, 7, 31, 51–4, 57, Alighieri, Dante, 147 60n34, 159 Alps, 99 Asia Minor, 4, 32, 52, 56, 67, 81, 97, Al-Qaeda, 6 106, 119 America/American. See United States Asimakopoulos, Ioannis, 82, 87n35

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refers to notes.

© The Author(s) 2017 177 T.G. Zervas, Formal and Informal Education during the Rise of Greek Nationalism, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-48415-4 178 INDEX

Athens, 7, 30n17, 31–3, 39–2, Bouboulina, Daskalina, 68 50–2, 58, 60n24, 61n38, 69, Bulgaria/Bulgarians, 21, 40, 54, 55, 72, 73, 85n1, 85n3, 85n4, 85n7, 58, 67, 100–5, 127 86n9, 86n11, 86n16, 86n18, Byzantines/Byzantine Empire/ 86n21–86n23, 86n25–7, 87n29, Byzantium, 68, 82, 100, 103–6, 87n30, 87n33, 87n35, 87n38, 165 87n39, 87n43, 87n44, 99, 100, 108n2, 109n10–109n12, 109n21, 110n26, 127, 134n16, C 135n29, 139–41, 143, 146, 147, Campbell, Joseph, 47, 60n27 151, 157n1, 157n2, 158n6, Canada, 22, 27–8, 159 158n17, 163, 166n1 Canadian(s), 27–8 Athens at the School of Fine Arts, carols, 112, 119, 123–4 151 Casia, Paul Sant, 34, 58n2 Attica, 42, 52 catechism, 78, 145 Austria, 24 Central Powers, 102 Austria-Hungary, 71, 103 Centuries of Childhood, 43, 59n22 Axis, 146 Charon, 114 Child Rearing (Magazine), 98, 109n16, 109n18, 110n27, B 110n29, 160 Bada, Constantina, 34, 58n2 children Baird, Henry, 50, 60n30 clothing, 42–51, 160 Balkan League, 102 games, 5, 9, 15, 21, 42–51, 95, Balkans, vii, 4, 5, 18, 23, 34, 57, 132, 137, 138, 154, 160 83, 101, 102, 105, 115, 129, literature, 7, 19, 21, 27, 28, 85, 164 89–112, 160 Balkan Wars, 4, 32, 101–3, 139, 146, songs, 5, 9, 10, 12, 20–2, 45–8, 53, 147 56, 57, 65, 107, 111–35, 137, Ball, Eric L., 142, 157n3 138, 161 Battle of Marathon, 81 stories, 5, 7, 8, 10, 20, 21, 25, 27, Battle of Salamis, 81 47, 56, 66, 80, 89–2, 95–101, bazarides, 41 103, 104, 106, 107, 111–35, Beaton, Roderick, 119, 134n20 137, 138 Benakis, Emmanouil, 99 toys, 4, 12, 42–51, 95, 160 Berlin, 101, 146, 147 Children’s Storeroom (Magazine), Bible, 78, 79, 145 95–6, 160 Bien, Peter, 28n1, 146, 158n8, Chios, 68, 97, 102 158n9 Chorio, 32 Black Death, 47 Christianity, 17, 19, 65, 66, 77, 79, Boissonnas, Frédéric, 51 99, 129, 142–6 Bolshevik Revolution, 146 Christmas, 13, 21, 122–4, 146 INDEX 179

Christovasilis, Christos, 157, 157n1, Dodwell, Edward, 44, 60n26 157n2, 161 Dormition of the Theotokos, 146, 154 life and work, 138–42 Dormition of the Virgin Mary, 103 Clandestine School. See Secret School Douka, D., 80, 86n25 classroom. See schools dowry, 33, 34, 41, 155 Constantine the Great, 68 dragon(s), 117, 127, 128 Constantinople, 19, 68, 69, 82, Dragoumis, Ion, 99, 110n26 87n31, 105. See also Istanbul life and work, 104 Corfu, 50 Draikis, Ioannis, 83 cotton production, 34 Drakopoulou, Theoni, 131, 132 Crete, 50, 75, 102, 138, 146–8, 150, drama (city), 68, 102 157 Cult of Domesticity, 38 cupping, 12 E cyberspace, 3 efendi, 129 Cyprus, 147, 165 Egypt, 22, 26, 99, 118, 147, 159 England/English. See Great Britain Epirus, 4, 28, 32, 81, 102, 105, 131, D 138, 139, 141, 143 Dafoe, Daniel, 95 Estia (newspaper), 156, 158n6 Dance of Zalogo, 68 Europe Danforth, Loring, 115, 125, 134n12, central, 18 135n32 eastern, 54, 82, 103 Darden, Keith, 75, 86n15 southern, 67 Darton, Robert, 119, 134n22 western, 7, 10, 16–18, 20, 26, 27, Delta, Penelope, 7–9, 103, 104, 106, 33, 38, 41, 43, 48, 63, 64, 67, 110n25, 160 74, 77, 84, 90, 91, 95, 98–100, life and work, 99–101 104, 106, 107, 115, 160, 162 Delta, Stephanos, 99 European Enlightenment, 18, 106 demotic, 73–6, 95, 96, 127, 131 evil eye, 114 Denmark, 99 Extuliotis, Argyris, 95 Department of School Health Service of the Ministry of Public Education, The, 83 F Department of School Health Service, Facebook, 165 The, 83 Fallmerayer, Jacob Phillip, 18, 115 Deutsch, Karl, 15, 29n14 family devil, 120, 149 extended, vii, 32, 35–7, 42, 153 Diakos, Athanasios, 68, 96, 130, 131 fathers, vii, viii, 2, 13, 36, 66, 91, Diaplasis ton Paidion. See Child 97, 99, 104, 117, 141, 143–5, Rearing 149, 154 dirges, 54, 114, 117, 119 grandfathers, 13 180 INDEX family (cont.) Grand Idea. See Megali Idea grandmothers, 37, 53, 54, 56, 57, Great Britain, 24, 103 145, 152–4, 159 Greco-Persian Wars, 68 great-grandmothers, 54, 56, 57 Greco Turkish War (1898), 101 mother in laws, 57 Greek(s) mothers, viii, 12, 47, 83, 93, 143, ancient, viii, 8, 9, 15, 17–20, 23, 153–5 66–8, 76, 80–2, 85, 91, 92, nuclear, 32, 41 96, 105, 106, 112–20, 122, farmland/farm(s), vii, viii, ix, 32, 38, 125, 133, 140, 144, 161, 50, 73, 141, 143, 156 164, 165 Fauriel, Claude, 114, 133n1 Byzantine, 18, 32, 52, 54–5, 68, Feast day of the Theotokos. See 78, 82, 104, 105, 118, 119, Dormition of the Theotokos 125, 145 Fenelon, Francois, 91 dress, 50, 71, 145 Feraios, Rigas, 68 family, 6, 31, 63, 100, 159 festival(s), 50, 53, 154 household, 13, 32, 35, 37, 53, First World War. See World War I 155 Forster Education Act, 24 men, 15, 35–7, 44, 72, 78 For the Fatherland, 100, 104, 160 modern, 4, 8, 13, 17–19, 23, 54, For the Homeland, 8 67–8, 81, 82, 91, 94, 95, 99, Fortna, Benjamin, 25 103, 105, 106, 111–21, 125, foustanella, 66 133, 142, 144, 147, 151, 161, France/French, 14, 23, 24, 64, 71, 162, 165 73, 91, 103, 104, 147 Ottoman, 9, 18–20, 25, 31, 32, 34, 35, 40–2, 55, 68–70, 76, 82, 91–4, 101, 102, 108n5, G 111, 117, 118, 125–7, 130–2, Gallant, Thomas, 29n7, 39, 59n7, 138, 139, 146, 147, 151, 157, 59n8, 59n13 165 Galway, Elizabeth, 27, 30n27 Romios/Romeoseni/Rum, 35, Geldart, E.M., 122, 135n30 106 Gellner, Ernest, 15, 29n13 village, 138–42, 155 geography, 11, 57, 66, 67, 71, 73, 77, women, 7, 35–8, 50, 52, 54, 72, 78, 81–3, 85, 141 78, 131, 159 Gerakis, Georgios, 83, 87n39 Greek Academy of Science, The, 41 Germany/Germans, 23, 24, 99, 102, Greek Civil War, 146 103 Greek Constitution, 73 ghosts, 112, 120–2 Greek Evangelical School, 138 giaouri, 129 Greek gods, 81 Golden Dawn (Political Party), 14, Greek Literary Society, 22 164, 165, 166n6 Greek Ministry of Education and Goldsmith, Oliver, 97 Religious Affairs, 163 Gontikas, Constantine, 74 Greek National Assembly, 72 INDEX 181

Greek-Orthodox Christianity/ I Christians, 15, 17, 34, 65, 66, 77, Ibrahim Pasha, 118 103, 129, 142–6 iconostasis/icons, 64, 78, 145 Greek village, 138–42, 155 Iliad, 95, 115, 147 Greek War of Independence, 91, 96, Imperial High School, 139 165 industrialism/industrialization, Greek Youth, The, 66, 67 23, 24 Grimm brothers, 98 industrial revolution/industrial age, 24 Gutenberg, Johannes, 90 inheritance, 33–4 gymnasium, 73, 143 Instagram, 165 Gyzis, Nicholaos, 33, 157, 161 Internet, viii, 1, 3, 6 life and work, 151–6 In the Age of Bulgar Slayer, 8 Ioannina, 139 Ionian Sea, 4 H Iran, 22, 26, 27, 159 Hades, 114 Islam, 131, 132 Hagia Sophia, 68 Istanbul, 138–9. See also Hansen, Theophil, 41 Constantinople Hatzidakis, G.N., 99 Italy, 44, 50, 122, 147 Hellas, 17, 18, 106, 114, 121 Hellenic Folklore Society, The, 22, 117 Hellenic/Hellenism, 15, 18, 22, 73, J 105, 106, 117 Japan Hellenic Schools, 73 Fundamental Code of Education, Helleno-Christian Tradition, 144 the, 28 Henze, Rosemary C., 12, 29n6 Meiji period, 28 Heptanesian, 116 Tokugawa period, 28 Heraklion, 75, 141, 146 Jason (ancient Greece), 81 Hercules, 81, 417 Jesus Christ, 79, 100 Heroes of the Greek Revolution, 96 Jews, 40 Herzfeld, Michael, 30n18, 115 Junta, 164 Hietmatkude, 139 High Mountains, The, 99, 160 Historical and Ethnological Society of K Greece, The, 22 Kalikantzari, 21 History of the Greek Nation, 18, 67, kambos, 38 68, 105, 116, 117 Kamperidi, Lambros, 142, 157n4 Holland. See Netherlands, the Karagiozis/Karagoz Holy Week, 124, 145 characters, 21, 126, 127, 137 Homer, 44, 68, 95, 114, 115, 142, 147 plays, 9, 21, 112, 126–32 Hungary, 24, 71, 103 Karasoutsas, Ioannis, 96 Hydra, 52 katharevousa, 74–6, 94, 127 hygiene, 24, 26, 71, 73, 77, 83 Kavalla, 102 182 INDEX

Kazantzakis, Nikos, 8–9, 28n1, 75, Lytras, Nikiforos, 123, 157, 161 86n27, 146–50, 157, life and work, 151–6 158n8–158n9, 158n11, 161 life and work, 146–50 Kazazis, Nikolaos, 139 M kefts, 68 Macedonia Kemalist government, 25 Macedonian Dynasty, 103 Kerkyra. See Corfu Macedonia struggle, 100, 101 King George I, 72 Macedo-Romanian language, 54 King Otto, 69, 72, 82 Mackridge, Peter, 94, 108n6, 108n7 Koine Greek, 145 Makriyanis, Yiannis, 68 Koklinakis, Andreou, 78 Manousos, Antonios, 116–18, Koletis, Ioannis, 22 134n13 Kolokotronis, Gennadios, 51 mansions, 41 Kolokotronis, Theodoros, 68, 93, Marashi, Afshin, 27, 30n25 108n4 marbles (Game), 48, 49 Kolokotsas, Dimitrios, 81, 87n29 Mardi Gra. See Lent Konidaris, Georgios, 95, 109n10 marriage Koraes, Adamandios, 68 brides, 36, 37 kotzia, 48 men, 34, 37 ksotarides, 41 prearranged, 155 women, 33, 34, 36, 37 Martyrs and Heroes’ Blood, 104, 110n26 L Massacre at Chios, 68 Lampadariou, N., 83, 87n44 Mediterranean Sea, 38 Lapathiotis, Napoleon, 51 Meek, Margaret, 14, 29n11 Laskaratos, Andreas, 96 Megali Idea, 4, 22, 100, 101 Lausanne Treaty, 4 Megas, Georgios A., 119 Lawson, John Cuthbert, 114, 121, Melas, Leon, 95, 96, 109n12, 133n6, 134n24 160 Leake, William Martin, 120, 121, Mellas, Yiorgos, 79, 86n21 134n23 Melos, 140 Lefkada, 116 Meno, 11, 29n4, 29n5 Lent, 145 merchant(s), 33, 40, 57, 67, 70, 96, Leonidas (Ancient Greece), 15, 17–20, 97, 99, 109n13, 116 66, 67, 80–2, 105, 106, 113–17, Messolonghi, 68 119, 125, 131, 133, 161, 165 Metaxas, Nikolas, 94 Little Plutarch, 96, 160 Miaoulis, Andreas, 68 Little Primer (Textbook), 79 Middle Ages, 125 loom machine, 35 midwives, 37 Louis XIV, 91 millet Loukis Laras, 96, 97, 100, 101, 160 Orthodox, 34 INDEX 183

Minotaur, 81 Olympic Games, 68 Mitsakis, Nikolaos, 69 Orthodox Christians/Christianity, 15, Mohr, Joseph, 123 17, 20, 34, 64–6, 77, 79, 92, 99, Montenegro, 102 101, 103, 106, 115, 121, 129, Moscow, 146 131, 142–6, 151 mother in law. See family O Tannenbaum, 124 Mount Olympus, 81 Ottoman Sultan(s), 25 movable/immovable objects, 33, 36 Otto of Bavaria. See King Otto Muslim(s). See Islam Our Father, 145 Mycenae, 81 Mylonas, Harris, 75, 86n15 Myrtiotissa. See Drakopoulou, Theoni P Myspace, 165 pagan(s), 19, 114 Mytilini, 102 Pahlavi State, 27 Palestine, 147 Pandora, 81 N Panhellenic Socialist Movement Nafplion, 40, 69 (PASOK), 164 nationalism, 5, 9, 15, 29n13–29n15, pan-Slavic movement, 102 30n21, 60n32, 101, 106, 117, Papadiamandis, Alexandros, 142–6, 119, 133n9, 158n7, 166n5 157n4, 161 National Library of Athens, the, 41 life and work, 142–6 National Observatory of Athens, Papadopoulos, Nickolas, 98, 109n18, the, 41 160 National Security Agency (NSA), the, 6 Papantoniou, Zacharia, 99, 160 Nazis/Nazi Germany, 14, 100 Paparrigopoulos, Constantine, 18, 19, Neoclassicism, 69 30n17, 67, 105, 116, 164 Nereids, 120–1 History of the Greek Nation, Netherlands, the, 24 1860–1877, 18, 30n17, 67, New Democracy (political party), 164 68, 105, 116, 117 Nicene Creed, 92, 93, 145 Paris, 103, 133, 146, 147 nikokirei, 41 Parthenon, 42 Nirvani, Carma. See Kazantzakis, Nikos Pasha, 118, 126–30 North Korea, 6 Patra, 69, 127, 141 Patrilocal arrangements, 32 Peckham, Robert Shannan, 133n9, O 144, 158n7 Odysseus, 81, 91, 139, 142 Pedagogical Institute in Athens, 72 Odyssey, 95, 115, 142, 147 Pedagogy (teacher manual), 93 O Gerostathis. See Old Man Stathis Pelasgians, 81 Old Man Stathis, 96, 160 Peloponnese, 44, 52, 53, 57, 69, 75, Olive Production, 34 81, 118 184 INDEX

Penteli (town), 154 Rodd, Rennell, 36, 59n9, 60n33, Perivoli (town), 56 114, 122, 133n2, 134n28 Perseus, 81 Romania/Romanian, 20, 54, 55, Piaget, Jean, 43, 60n23 102 Pindus Mountains, 55 Romans/Roman Empire, 68, 82 Piraeus, 39, 40, 66, 100, 143 Roumeli, 9 platea, 38 Rousseau, Jean-Jacque, 10, 29n3 Plato, 11, 29n5, 115 Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Platt, Brian, 28, 30n29 Munich, 151 Polemis, Ioannis, 76 Russell, Mona, 26, 30n23 polites, 40 Russia, 6, 24, 27, 101 politismo, 40 Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), 101 Politis, Nicholaos, 19, 91, 117–19, 134n15, 134n16, 139, 161 Pollis, Alexander, 95 S Pontic, Greek(s), 52, 75 Sacred History, 79, 86n21 Popscholar, 165 Saint George, 127, 129 Pouqueville, Francois, 43, 44, 60n25 Samiou, Eleni, 147 prikosymfona, 33 Samos, 97, 102 Primary and Communal Education Samuel of Bulgaria, 103 Law, 72 Saranda, 139 Primer (textbook), 79, 86n18, 86n22, Schlumberger, Gustave, 104 86n23, 86n25 Scholarios, Dorotheos, 55 proika, 33 schools proxenio, 33 classroom, ix, 1, 5, 8, 24, 64, 84 Prussia, 24, 71 elementary schools, 68, 71, 72, 75–7, 79, 82, 83, 87n30, 109n10, 163 R primary schools, 85n4, 163 Raftopoulos, Pericles, 95 school building, 67, 69, 70, 84, Ragavis, Alexandros, 96 85n4 reading, 1, 7, 24–6, 55, 69–71, 77, school experience, 7, 73, 89, 160 79, 89–4, 96, 101, 107, 111, secondary schools, 27, 163 156 technical schools/training, 7, 55, Rebirth of Greece, The (textbook), 82, 72, 74, 163 87n33 vocational schools/training, 73, 74, Renaissance, 18, 106 163 Report to Greco, 28n1, 75, 147, 148, Second World War, 14, 146, 164, 165. 150, 158n9 See also World War II Rerakis, Heraklis, 104, 110n28 Secret School, 76, 92, 151, 157 Reza Shah, 27 Secrets of the Marches, The, 100, 160 Robinson Crusoe, 95 Serbia/Serbian, 55, 67, 102 INDEX 185

Serres, 102 teaching (teacher manual), 10–12, 17, sexy-typing/sex-typed, 24 20, 22, 24, 29n5, 58, 67, 71, 82, shadow-theater, 9 83, 86n11, 86n16, 87n30, 90, Sinai, 147 92–4, 144, 151, 153, 160, 163, siniori, 41 164 Skiathos, 142–4 Technical Vocational Educational Skopelos, 143 Schools, 163 Slavs/Slavic speakers, 7, 20, 31, 51–8, Themistocles, 81 75, 121, 159 Thermopylae, 81, 131 Smyrna/Ismir, 4, 69, 96, 97, 101, Theseus, 81 138 Thessaloniki, 7, 39, 40, 59n17, 60n36, Catastrophe (1922), 69, 101 66, 73, 100, 109n23, 141, 163 Society of Hellenism, 139 Thessaly, 4, 32, 55, 59n15, 81 Society on Education, 139 Thrace, 4, 32, 48, 58, 67, 103–5 Socrates, 11, 68 Three Friends, The (textbook), 80, 81, Solomos, Dionysios, 96, 131 86n27 Souli/Souliotes, 53, 68, 117, 131, Tinos, 151 132 Tomkinson, John, 122, 135n29 Soviet Union, 6, 147 topos, 57, 139, 140 Spain, 146, 147 toys, 4, 7, 12, 42–4, 48, 49, 95, 150, Spanish Civil War, 146 160 Sparta/Spartans, 81 trader(s)/tradesmen, vii, 33, 67 Spetses, 52 Treaty of Berlin (1878), 101 Spetsiotis, Takis, 51, 60n31 Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 101 Meteor and Shadow, 51, 60n31 Trikala, 139 Stefanidis, Ioannis, 73, 86n12 Trikoupis, Harilaos, 133 Stephoulida, 44 Triodon, 44 Strigla. See witches Triple Entente, 103 Sultan(s). See Ottoman Sultan(s) Trojan War, 81 Switzerland, 24, 99 Troy, 91 Syriza, 164 Tsakonian, 75 Tsiliki/tsilikoverga, 47 Tsoukalas, Constantine, 17, 30n16 T Turkey Tabula Rasa, 148 Ottoman Empire, 20, 25, 27, taka taka (Game), 49 30n22, 32, 55, 68, 82, 86n11, Tale Without a Name, 8, 100, 160 91, 101, 102, 125, 138, 139, teachers, viii, ix, 3, 7, 10–12, 23, 24, 146, 151 27, 28, 37, 55, 64, 67, 70–5, 77, Ottoman Turks, 18, 25, 68, 82, 117 78, 80, 83, 85, 91–3, 107, 118, Turkish Republic, 25, 26, 30n22 137, 141, 143, 148–51, 159, Turks, 16, 21, 40, 68, 82, 97, 102, 162, 163, 165, 166 131, 132 186 INDEX

Turner, William, 48, 60n29 Vlachs, 7, 31, 51–8, 61n38, 159 Twitter, 165 Vrykolaka(s), 121 Vryonis, Omer, 130, 131 Vygotsky, Lev, 43, 60n23 U unigeniture, 33 United Nations High Commissioner W for Refugees (UNHCR), 165, werewolves, 120, 121 166n8 witches, 81, 112, 117, 120–3 United States World War I, 101 America, 5, 24, 29n10, 38, 71, 74, World War II, 147. See also Second 142 World War American, 6, 50, 74, 135n32, 142 worry-beads, 127 University of Athens, 143, 146, 163 writing, viii, 24, 42, 71, 91, 93, 109n22, 117, 138, 141–4, 146, 147, 157, 161 V Valaoritis, A., 131 Vampires, 81, 112, 120–3, 134n25, X 134n26, 135n29 Xenopoulos, Gregorios, 9, 98, 107, Vasilios II, 103, 104 160 Venice, 94 Xenos, Stephanos, 96, 160 Venizelos, Eleutherios, 70, 73, 74, 84, 86n12, 86n14, 103 Vennitsa (town), 55 Y Vezyropoula, 127 Yiannina. See Ioannina Vienna, 91, 94, 146, 147 Vietnam, 14 Vikelas, Demitrios, 96, 97, 109n13, 160 Z Village. See Greek village Zakynthos, 126 Virgin Mary, 78, 79, 103, 145 Zambelios, Spyridon, 18, 116–18, Virtuous Learning (textbook), 80, 134n14 86n26 Zappeion, 41, 42 vizier, 48, 118, 130 Zarnack, August, 124 Vizyenos, Georgios, 97, 160 Zitsa (town), 138, 139