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Vulnerability New Essays in Ethics and Feminist Philosophy Vu l n e r a b i l i t y Studies in Feminist Philosophy is designed to showcase cutting-edge monographs and collections that display the full range of feminist approaches to philosophy, that push feminist thought in important new directions, and that display the outstanding quality of feminist philosophical thought. STUDIES IN FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY Cheshire Calhoun, Series Editor Advisory Board Harry Brod, University of Northern Iowa Claudia Card, University of Wisconsin Lorraine Code, York University, Toronto Kimberle Crenshaw, Columbia Law School/UCLA School of Law Jane Flax, Howard University Ann Garry, California State University, Los Angeles Sally Haslanger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alison Jaggar, University of Colorado, Boulder Helen Longino, Stanford University Maria Lugones, SUNY Binghamton Uma Narayan, Vassar College James Sterba, University of Notre Dame Rosemarie Tong, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Nancy Tuana, Penn State University Karen Warren, Macalester College Recently Published in the Series: S h i ft ing Ground: Knowledge and Reality, Transgression and Trustworthiness Visible Identities: Race, Gender and the Self Naomi Scheman Linda Martín Alcoff Th e Metaphysics of Gender Women and Citizenship Charlotte Witt Edited by Marilyn Friedman Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide? Women’s Liberation and the Anita L. Allen Sublime: Feminism, Postmodernism, Adaptive Preferences and Empowerment Environment Serene Khader Bonnie Mann Minimizing Marriage: Marriage, Morality, and Analyzing Oppression the Law Ann E. Cudd Elizabeth Brake Ecological Th inking: Th e Politics of Epistemic Out from the Shadows: Analytic Feminist Location Contributions to Traditional Philosophy Lorraine Code Edited by Sharon L. Crasnow and Self Transformations: Foucault, Ethics, and Anita M. Superson Normalized Bodies Cressida J. Heyes Th e Epistemology of Resistance: Gender and Racial Oppression, Epistemic Injustice, and Family Bonds: Genealogies of Race and Gender Resistant Imaginations Ellen K. Feder José Medina Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Simone de Beauvoir and the Politics of Ethics, Second Edition Ambiguity Margaret Urban Walker Sonia Kruks Th e Moral Skeptic Identities and Freedom: Feminist Th eory Anita M. Superson between Power and Connection “You’ve Changed”: Sex Reassignment and Allison Weir Personal Identity Sovereign Masculinity: Gender Lessons from Edited by Laurie J. Shrage the War on Terror Dancing with Iris: Th e Philosophy of Iris Bonnie Mann Marion Young Vulnerability: New Essays in Ethics and Edited by Ann Ferguson and Mechthild Nagel Feminist Philosophy Philosophy of Science aft er Feminism Edited by Catriona Mackenzie, Wendy Janet A. Kourany Rogers, and Susan Dodds Vu l n e r a b i l i t y New Essays in Ethics and Feminist Philosophy Edited by Catriona Mackenzie , Wendy Rogers , and Susan Dodds 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto W i t h o ffi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vulnerability : new essays in ethics and feminist philosophy / edited by Catriona Mackenzie, Wendy Rogers, and Susan Dodds. pages cm.—(Studies in feminist philosophy) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978–0–19–931664–9 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978–0–19–931665–6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Feminist theory. 2. Ethics. 3. Vulnerability (Personality trait) I. Mackenzie, Catriona, editor of compilation. HQ1190.V85 2013 305.4201—dc23 2013014044 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper { Contents } N o t e s o n C o n t r i b u t o r s v i i A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s x i Introduction: What Is Vulnerability and Why Does It Matter for Moral Th eory? 1 catriona mackenzie , wendy rogers , and susan dodds Part I R e fl ections on Vulnerability 1 . Th e Importance of Relational Autonomy and Capabilities for an Ethics of Vulnerability 33 catriona mackenzie 2. Vulnerability and Bioethics 60 wendy rogers 3 . Th e Role of Vulnerability in Kantian Ethics 88 paul formosa 4. Moral Vulnerability and the Task of Reparations 110 margaret urban walker 5. Autonomy and Vulnerability Entwined 134 joel anderson 6. Being in Time: Ethics and Temporal Vulnerability 162 janna thompson Part II Vu l n e r a b i l i t y, D e p e n d e n c y, a n d C a r e 7. Dependence, Care, and Vulnerability 181 Susan Dodds 8. Disability and Vulnerability: On Bodies, Dependence, and Power 204 Jackie Leach Scully 9. Moral Responsibility for Coerced Wrongdoing: Th e Case of Abused Women Who “Fail to Protect” Th eir Children 222 Marilyn Friedman vi Contents 10. Parental Values and Children’s Vulnerability 242 Mianna Lotz 11. Children, Vulnerability, and Emotional Harm 266 Amy Mullin 12. Vulnerability and Aging in the Context of Care 288 Rosemarie Tong Index 309 { Notes on Contributors } Joel Anderson Anderson is a research lecturer in philosophy at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. His research focus lies at the intersection of social philosophy, moral psychology, ethics, and political theory, with a particular focus on how social institutions can enable autonomous agency without sliding into (nudge) paternalism. He is co-editor (with John Christman) of Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism (Cambridge University Press, 2005) and (with Jos Philips) of Disability and Universal Human Rights (Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, 2012). He currently directs an interdisciplinary research proj- ect on scaff olding for willpower and is currently writing a book developing the concept of autonomy gaps . Susan Dodds Dodds is dean of the Faculty of Arts and professor of philosophy at the University of Tasmania. She has published extensively in feminist bioethics and political philosophy. Her recent work has focused on two areas: delib- erative democratic approaches to public policy surrounding ethically con- tentious issues in bioethics; and the ethical and political obligations arising from recognition of dependency. She is co-editor (with Rosemarie Tong and Anne Donchin) of Linking Visions: Feminist Bioethics, Human Rights, and the Developing World (Rowman and Littlefi eld, 2004), and her work has been pub- lished in a variety of edited volumes and journals including Bioethics, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, Journal of Medical Ethics, and Science and Engineering Ethics. Paul Formosa Formosa is an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award Fellow and lecturer in the Department of Philosophy at Macquarie University. He was previously a Macquarie University research fellow and has also taught at the University of Queensland. He has published widely on Kant, moral evil, and a range of topics in moral and political philosophy in numer- ous edited collections and in journals such as European Journal of Philosophy, Kantian Review, Journal of Value Inquiry, Contemporary Political Th eory , Social Th eory and Practice, Philosophical Forum, Philosophy and Social Criticism, and Journal of Social Philosophy . viii Notes on Contributors Marilyn Friedman Friedman is W. Alton Jones Chair of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University. She has published widely in social and political philosophy, ethics, and feminist philosophy. Her recent books include Autonomy, Gender, Politics (Oxford University Press, 2003) and the edited volume Women and Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2005). Mianna Lotz Lotz is senior lecturer in the Department of Philosophy at Macquarie University. She has published in bioethics, applied ethics, and social philoso- phy, with a particular focus on questions of parental liberty, the family, adop- tion, and children’s rights and interests. Her work has appeared in a variety of edited volumes and journals, including Bioethics , Journal of Social Philosophy , and Journal of Applied Philosophy . Catriona Mackenzie Mackenzie is professor of philosophy and director of the Research Centre for Agency, Values and Ethics at Macquarie University, Sydney. She is co-editor of Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self (Oxford University Press, 2000), Practical Identity and Narrative Agency (Routledge, 2008), and Emotions, Imagination and Moral Reasoning (Psychology Press, 2012). Mackenzie has
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