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Ubuntu-Typen 75 An den Leser Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser die Serveradministration ist ein spannendes, aber durchaus anspruchsvolles Metier. Vermutlich können Sie dem zustimmen: Einen Mailserver bereitzustellen, ohne dass er mit Viren und Spam überschüttet wird, ist nicht einfach nebenbei gemacht. Das Backup von umfangreichen Datenbeständen zu erstellen oder einen Webserver für den alltäglichen Einsatz unter schwierigen Bedingungen zu optimieren – trivial ist anders. Ohne die notwendige Erfahrung führen solche Projekte unter Umständen zu Situationen, die viel Zeit und Nerven kosten. An dieser Stelle helfen Ihnen Daniel van Soest und Charly Kühnast mit diesem umfas- senden Begleiter zur aktuellen LTS-Version 16.04 von Ubuntu Server. Sie gehen auf die Planung der Infrastruktur ein, zeigen Ihnen Fallstricke und potenzielle Probleme auf und erläutern Ihnen anhand von umfassend kommentierten Codebeispielen die Installation und Konfiguration der benötigten Dienste. Sie haben alle vorgestellten Skripte und eine Musterumgebung für Sie vorbereitet, sodass Sie komfortabel die dargestellten Arbeitsschritte nachvollziehen können. Beide Autoren kennen den Administratoren-Alltag in einem großen Rechenzentrum und verfügen über langjährige Erfahrung im Umgang mit Linux-Servern. Aus ihrem Praxiswissen sind Anleitungen entstanden, die sich sowohl zum selektiven Lesen auf Projektbasis als auch als umfassendes Nachschlagewerk eignen. Ganz gleich, ob Sie detaillierte Schritt-für-Schritt-Leitfäden oder einen grundlegenden Überblick suchen: Hier finden Sie, was Sie brauchen, um effizient mit Ubuntu Server zu arbeiten. Abschließend ein Hinweis in eigener Sache: Das Buch wurde mit großer Sorgfalt geschrieben, lektoriert und produziert. Sollte dennoch etwas nicht so funktionie- ren, wie Sie es erwarten, dann setzen Sie sich bitte direkt mit mir in Verbindung. Ihre Anregungen und Fragen sind jederzeit willkommen. Ihr Christoph Meister Lektorat Rheinwerk Computing [email protected] www.rheinwerk-verlag.de Rheinwerk Verlag · Rheinwerkallee 4 · 53227 Bonn Auf einen Blick Auf einen Blick TEIL I Grundlagen ................................................................................................. 47 TEIL II Installation .................................................................................................. 85 TEIL III Dienste, Anwendungen und Sicherheit ............................................ 195 TEIL IV Werkzeugkiste ........................................................................................... 917 Impressum Impressum Dieses E-Book ist ein Verlagsprodukt, an dem viele mitgewirkt haben, insbesondere: Lektorat Sebastian Kestel, Christoph Meister Korrektorat Friederike Daenecke, Zülpich Herstellung E-Book Norbert Englert Covergestaltung Julia Schuster Coverbild iSt ockphoto: 5213567 © Beholding Eye Satz E-Book Daniel van Soest Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-8362-4269-1 1. Auflage 2016 © Rheinwerk Verlag GmbH, Bonn 2016 Inhalt Inhalt Vorwort ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Über dieses Buch ............................................................................................................................. 37 Was hat sich getan: »changelog« .................................................................................................. 41 TEIL I Grundlagen 1 Der Administrator 49 1.1 Ganz allgemein: Der Administrator .............................................................................. 49 1.1.1 Was ich tun kann! ........................................................................................... 49 1.1.2 Was ich tun sollte! .......................................................................................... 50 1.1.3 Was ich nicht tun sollte! (BOFH) ................................................................... 51 1.2 Was im Gesetz steht ......................................................................................................... 52 1.2.1 Datenschutz: »BDSG« und »LDSG« .............................................................. 52 1.2.2 Telemediengesetz ........................................................................................... 54 1.2.3 Telekommunikationsgesetz .......................................................................... 54 1.2.4 Gesetz zur Vorratsdatenspeicherung ........................................................... 54 2 Wichtige Grundlagen vorab 55 2.1 Historie ............................................................................................................................... 55 2.2 Der Kernel ........................................................................................................................... 57 2.2.1 Entwicklung des Linux-Kernels ..................................................................... 57 2.2.2 Aufbau des Linux-Kernels .............................................................................. 58 2.2.3 Verwandtschaft .............................................................................................. 59 2.3 Die Struktur von Linux ..................................................................................................... 59 2.3.1 Konformität zu »POSIX« ................................................................................ 60 2.3.2 Alles ist eine Datei .......................................................................................... 60 2.3.3 Verzeichnisstruktur ........................................................................................ 60 2.4 Unterschiede ...................................................................................................................... 62 2.4.1 Paketverwaltung ............................................................................................ 63 2.4.2 Updates und Upgrades .................................................................................. 63 2.4.3 Umgang mit Paketen ..................................................................................... 63 5 Kühnast/van Soest – Ubuntu-Server 16.04 LTS – Das umfassende Handbuch Rheinwerk Verlag, ISBN: 978-3-8362-4260-8 Layout: gp.cls, Version 3.5.024 (22th June, 2016), (C) Dr. Daniel Lauer, Bonn, (4260 Anpassung) Mit TEX bearbeitet am 8. Juli 2016, 10:29 Uhr Umlaut-Check: äöüÄÖÜ. Ligaturen: fl fi S. 5 Einstellungen: ohne Marginalien – ohne Seitenrand – mit Taben – mit Kapitel-Intro – normal breit – Zoom auf 100.0% Aktuelle Quelldatei: ucsencs.def , Aktueller Job: ubuntu-server Inhalt 2.4.4 Benutzer- und Rechteverwaltung ................................................................. 64 2.4.5 Ausführung ..................................................................................................... 66 2.4.6 Lizenzarten ...................................................................................................... 66 2.4.7 Support und kommerzielle Software ........................................................... 67 3 Planung 69 3.1 Einteilung: »Meilensteine« ............................................................................................. 69 3.1.1 Zeitaufwand ................................................................................................... 70 3.1.2 Ein Server(-dienst) bleibt selten allein ......................................................... 71 3.2 Unterstützung ................................................................................................................... 71 3.2.1 Systemvoraussetzungen ................................................................................ 71 3.2.2 Peripherie ........................................................................................................ 72 3.3 Dimensionierung .............................................................................................................. 72 3.3.1 Einsatzzweck ................................................................................................... 72 3.3.2 Software: »Was?«, »Wie viel?« und »Wie lange?« ...................................... 73 3.3.3 Hardware: »CPU«, »RAM« und »HDD« ......................................................... 74 3.3.4 Weniger ist mehr ............................................................................................ 74 4 Ubuntu-Typen 75 4.1 Hintergründe ..................................................................................................................... 75 4.1.1 Die Prinzipien: »Code of Conduct« ............................................................... 76 4.1.2 Pragmatismus ................................................................................................. 76 4.1.3 Entstehung ...................................................................................................... 76 4.1.4 Entwicklungsgeschichte ................................................................................ 77 4.1.5 Vorteile ............................................................................................................ 77 4.1.6 Lizenzen ........................................................................................................... 78 4.2 Unterteilung .....................................................................................................................
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