DOCSLIB.ORG

Commercialization, Domestication, and Resistance in New York City from Melville to Mckay

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Commercialization, Domestication, and Resistance in New York City from Melville to Mckay ABSTRACT A (RE)CONCEPTION OF THE CITY: COMMERCIALIZATION, DOMESTICATION, AND RESISTANCE IN NEW YORK CITY FROM MELVILLE TO MCKAY James Baltrum, Ph.D. Department of English Northern Illinois University, 2014 Dr. Deborah DeRosa, Director This dissertation characterizes the historical changes that shaped nineteenth and twentieth century New York City by examining how Herman Melville, Stephen Crane, Edith Wharton, John Dos Passos, and Claude McKay expressed these changes in their literary works. I employ the ideological principles of scholars such as Henri Lefebvre, who viewed physical spaces including the modern city as socially constructed products, and the methodology of writers such as Michel Foucault, whose genealogical approach prompts an open-ended and multi-faceted analysis. Consequently, my argument shows how various economic, social, cultural, political, and technological developments worked with and against each other to shape (and reshape) people’s perceptions of New York City and how particular writers have work such perceptions into their literature. Starting in the 1850s with the American Renaissance and concluding in the late 1920s with the emergence of Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance, my dissertation focuses on Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener” (1856), Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) and George’s Mother (1896), Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905), John Dos Passos’s Manhattan Transfer (1925) and Claude McKay’s Home to Harlem (1928). I focus on how the developments in the city influenced these authors to continually re-conceive New York City’s commercial and domestic social spaces from the 1850s through the 1920s. Likewise, each text illustrates how certain historical developments produced counter-cultural currents of resistance against hegemonic authorities in each author’s given era. My research reveals that these literary representations demonstrate just how fluid New York City’s identity has always been. Much of the ebb and flow of the city’s identity has been due to the contentious and volatile nature of the social struggles to which the city has been home throughout its history. Some of the notable developments within the scope of my analysis, starting with Melville, include the labor and real estate contests of the antebellum 1850s as well as the solidification of Wall Street as the city’s financial and commercial center, resulting in de- domestication of the neighborhood and northward migration of many of its residents. In Crane’s texts, the Progressive reformers and the swelling immigrant populations of the 1890s swallowed up the city as they waged combative cultural conflicts over standards and separations of gender identities and gendered spaces such the home, the workplace, public places of entertainment and culture – the saloon, stage hall, and museum. The House of Mirth tracks the emerging status- seeking affluence of the leisure class mentality following the turn of the century. In doing so, Wharton explores how the inverted private-to-public utilization of the family home and dual subjective-objectified nature of the leisure-class woman played into the redefinition of New York society. Other developments, as Dos Passos illustrates, include the rise of the city’s skyscraper- dominant skyline and the city’s proliferating advertising culture as well as the desensitizing and mechanizing effect they had on New York City’s citizens. McKay’s Home to Harlem charts the hopeful but all-too-human influences that the returning and largely marginalized African- American soldier had on the racial sanctuary of Harlem. McKay’s novel also demonstrates the repercussions that the city’s loosening mores and opening economic opportunities had on gender identities as well as hetero-social and homo-social relationships. From Melville to McKay, these authors shed critical and unique light on New York City’s multiple faces and facets. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2014 A (RE)CONCEPTION OF THE CITY: COMMERCIALIZATION, DOMESTICATION, AND RESISTANCE IN NEW YORK CITY FROM MELVILLE TO MCKAY BY JAMES BALTRUM ©2014 James Baltrum A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFIFLLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH Doctoral Director: Dr. Deborah De Rosa ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following thoughts of appreciation are all heart-felt and meant with the utmost sincerity. I owe a great deal of thanks to Dr. Deborah De Rosa for the opportunity to work with and learn from her every fortunate chance I had. A special thank you goes to Dr. James Giles and Dr. Mark Van Weinen for their gifted insights as well as to Dr. Betty Birner and the entire English Department at Northern Illinois University for all the support and assistance that I have received throughout my degree. I gladly thank NIU’s Graduate School for their fellowship assistance, without which this project would not have been completed in such a thorough fashion. Moreover, I gladly thank Dr. Keith Gandal at City College of New York for his patience, encouragement, and advice all along the way. I also counted on Dr. Jeffery Einboden for his insightful commentary and support regarding my work with Melville and gladly give him an appreciative thank you for that. Paula Diaz, Don Haynes (in memoriam), Carrie Roath-Ernst, Mick McMahon, Peter Stern, Amy Keck, and especially Gerard Wozek and Mary Russell of Robert Morris University, Illinois, must all be acknowledged for the numerous facets and forms of encouragement they have provided over the years. Librarians Su Erickson and Deirdre Rawls each merit a particular note of thanks for their patient and unwavering assistance with my innumerable and sometimes impatient research requests. Ultimately, A (Re)Conception of the City would not have gotten off the ground let alone completed were it not for the incredible support and inspiration of my wife, Ann, and our two terrific children, Cameron and Loretta, as well as of my parents, Bob and Lorraine Baltrum, and my in-laws, Dr. Fred and Patricia Rodriguez; for my family, in the scope of this project and in all things beyond it, I am forever grateful. DEDICATION For my parents, Bob and Lorraine, and for Ann, for everything TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION: “Complicating the Concept of the City, New York 1850-1930”…………………....1 CHAPTER I: “Melville’s Antebellum New York as Seen Through the Scrivener’s Pen”………..19 CHAPTER II: “Stephen Crane and the Chaotic Complexities of the Slum’s Social Spaces”……...56 CHAPTER III: “Personal Privacy Turned Cultural Commodity in the Publi-City of The House of Mirth”…………………………………………………………………………….106 CHAPTER IV: “The Mechanized Megatropolis and Destabilized Domesticity of Manhattan Transfer”………………………………………………………………………….…138 CHAPTER V: “The Post-War Sanctuaries and Strictures of Harlem in McKay’s Homecoming Novel” ……………………………………………………………………………....176 CONCLUSION: “Sighting New York City in the Citations of New York’s Authors”………………211 WORKS CITED...………………………………………………………………………….219 INTRODUCTION: Complicating the Concept of the City, New York 1850-1930 Thrive, cities – bring your freight, bring your shows, ample and sufficient rivers, Expand, being than which none else is perhaps more spiritual, Keep your places, objects than which none else is more lasting. - Walt Whitman (“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry”) In an article from the April 2011 National Geographic Traveler titled “New Yorker’s New York City,” Adam Graham opens with an anecdotal conversation between himself and first- time visitors to the city who, after asking for Graham’s advice on where to go and what to see, receive the unexpected response of, “I’ve clocked 40 years living in or near the city, and though my love/hate for the place grows stronger each year, I would be a fool to say I know it, that I’ve seen all of it” (74). Graham’s comments testify to the magnitude and complexity of New York City. Given that, astonishing difficulty awaits anyone attempting to perceive and describe the city as a single entity. Like any cultural construction, New York City has backgrounds and textures that cause it to appear different depending on “where” you are standing to see it. When looked at from a historical perspective or as a literary subject, the idea of New York City as a singular entity becomes even more problematic. For instance, late in 1609, Robert Juet, sailing as first mate to Henry Hudson and working for the Dutch West Indies Company, described the coasts of Mana-hat-ta in pastoral terms as simply, “a very good Land to fall with …[and] pleasant Land to see” (Willis 29). But by 1664, the year New Amsterdam became New York, the former Dutch trading post had transformed itself into a then-modern city, with a 2 population reaching about 1,500 people. Later, in 1704, Madam Knight1 summarily described New York in her travel journal as “a pleasant, well compacted place” and its residents as “sociable to one another and Curteos and Civill [sic] to strangers” (109). Conversely, Royall Tyler’s The Contrast (1787) casts a disparaging light upon New York’s cultural landscape. When asked if he had ever attended one of the city’s theatres, Tyler’s satirical character Dimple responds, “I was tortured there once,” and explains, “there is nothing that is worthy the name of amusement to be found in this city” (45). Since its founding as a Dutch settlement bent on trade and profit through to its post-9/11 transformations, the city has continually and increasingly mesmerized, horrified, and fascinated people from all walks of life. Edward Margolies suggests that New York, “so large and seemingly random, offers an abundance of choices,” generally falls into two classifications: “[t]he city as a savage amoral Wild West… or the city as an imagined New West offering American dreams of self-renewal, self-reinvention, individualism, and promises of prosperity” (11). These perceptions are evident in much of fiction focused on the city, certainly.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New York CITY
    New York CITY the 123rd Annual Meeting American Historical Association NONPROFIT ORG. 400 A Street, S.E. U.S. Postage Washington, D.C. 20003-3889 PAID WALDORF, MD PERMIT No. 56 ASHGATENew History Titles from Ashgate Publishing… The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir The Long Morning of Medieval Europe for the Crusading Period New Directions in Early Medieval Studies Edited by Jennifer R. Davis, California Institute from al-Kamil fi’l-Ta’rikh. Part 3 of Technology and Michael McCormick, The Years 589–629/1193–1231: The Ayyubids Harvard University after Saladin and the Mongol Menace Includes 25 b&w illustrations Translated by D.S. Richards, University of Oxford, UK June 2008. 366 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-6254-9 Crusade Texts in Translation: 17 June 2008. 344 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-4079-0 The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel The Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt Edited by Robert Bork, University of Iowa (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale and Andrea Kann AVISTA Studies in the History de France, MS Fr 19093) of Medieval Technology, Science and Art: 6 A New Critical Edition and Color Facsimile Includes 23 b&w illustrations with a glossary by Stacey L. Hahn October 2008. 240 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-6307-2 Carl F. Barnes, Jr., Oakland University Includes 72 color and 48 b&w illustrations November 2008. 350 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-5102-4 The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London Patents, Pictures and Patronage An Edition and Translation John Day and the Tudor Book Trade Lisa Jefferson Elizabeth Evenden, Newnham College, November 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterfront Revitalization Program
    The New Waterfront Revitalization Program New York City Department of City Planning The New Waterfront Revitalization Program As approved by the Council of the City of New York and the NYS Department of State with the eoncurrence of the US Department of Commerce Michael R. Bloomberg, Mayor City o/New York Amanda M. Burden, AI Cp, Director Department o/City Planning • I September 2002 DCP# 02-14 ------------_......_--_..... ------­ This report was prepared for the New York State Department of State • and funded in part with funds provided by I Title 11 ofthe Environmental Protection Fund The New Waterfront Revitalization Program Table of Contents Part I: The Program .......................................................... 1 Coastal Zone Regulations and Jurisdiction ................................... 3 Coastal Zone Boundary .................................................. 5 Planning Context for the New WRP ........................................ 5 The Consistency Determination Process ..................................... 6 The New WRP Policies .................................................. 8 Part II: The New WRP Policies ................................................ 9 Policy 1: Residential and Commercial Redevelopment ......................... 11 Policy 2: Maritime and Industrial Development .............................. 12 Policy 3: Waterways Usage .............................................. 14 Policy 4: Ecological Resources Protection .................................. 16 Policy 5: Water Quality ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Carnegie Corporation of New York a N N U a L R E P O R T 2004-2005 Carnegie Corporation of New York
    Carnegie Corporation of New York COMBINED ANNU A L R E P O R T 2004-2005 ANNU A L R E P O R T 2004-2005 Carnegie Corporation of New York Carnegie Corporation of New York was created by Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to promote “the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding.” Under Carnegie’s will, grants must benefit the people of the United States, although up to 7.4 percent of the funds may be used for the same purpose in countries that are or have been members of the British Commonwealth, with a current emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. As a grantmaking foundation, the Corporation seeks to carry out Carnegie’s vision of philanthropy, which he said should aim “to do real and permanent good in this world.” © 2007 Carnegie Corporation of New York Contents REPORT OF THE PrESIDENT I Reflections on Encounters With Three Cultures 2004 REPORT ON PrOGRAM 1 Ongoing Evaluation Enhances the Corporation’s Grantmaking Strategies in 2004 Grants and Dissemination Awards Education International Development International Peace and Security Strengthening U.S. Democracy Special Opportunities Fund Carnegie Scholars Dissemination Anonymous $15 Million in Grants to Cultural and Social Service Institutions in New York City 2004 REPORT ON FINANCES 77 Financial Highlights 2004 REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION 91 Fiscal 2004: The Year in Review 2005 REPORT ON PrOGRAM 97 Key Programs Meet the Challenges of Maturity in 2005 Grants and Dissemination Awards Education International Development International Peace and Security Strengthening U.S. Democracy Special Opportunities
    [Show full text]
  • Riis's How the Other Half Lives
    How the Other Half Lives http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/title.html HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES The Hypertext Edition STUDIES AMONG THE TENEMENTS OF NEW YORK BY JACOB A. RIIS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS CHIEFLY FROM PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN BY THE AUTHOR Contents NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1890 1 of 1 1/18/06 6:25 AM Contents http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/contents.html HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES CONTENTS. About the Hypertext Edition XII. The Bohemians--Tenement-House Cigarmaking Title Page XIII. The Color Line in New York Preface XIV. The Common Herd List of Illustrations XV. The Problem of the Children Introduction XVI. Waifs of the City's Slums I. Genesis of the Tenements XVII. The Street Arab II. The Awakening XVIII. The Reign of Rum III. The Mixed Crowd XIX. The Harvest of Tare IV. The Down Town Back-Alleys XX. The Working Girls of New York V. The Italian in New York XXI. Pauperism in the Tenements VI. The Bend XXII. The Wrecks and the Waste VII. A Raid on the Stale-Beer Dives XXIII. The Man with the Knife VIII.The Cheap Lodging-Houses XXIV. What Has Been Done IX. Chinatown XXV. How the Case Stands X. Jewtown Appendix XI. The Sweaters of Jewtown 1 of 1 1/18/06 6:25 AM List of Illustrations http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/illustrations.html LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Gotham Court A Black-and-Tan Dive in "Africa" Hell's Kitchen and Sebastopol The Open Door Tenement of 1863, for Twelve Families on Each Flat Bird's Eye View of an East Side Tenement Block Tenement of the Old Style.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbus Park; New York, (New York County) New York – Phase 1A and Partial Monitoring Report Project Number: M015-203MA NYSOPRHP Project Number: 02PR03416
    Columbus Park; New York, (New York County) New York – Phase 1A and Partial Monitoring Report Project Number: M015-203MA NYSOPRHP Project Number: 02PR03416 Prepared for: Submitted to: City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation A.A.H. Construction Corporation Olmstead Center; Queens, New York 18-55 42nd Street Astoria, New York 11105-1025 and New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Peebles Island, New York Prepared by: Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A., Principal Investigator and Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A. for: Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants, Incorporated October 2005 Columbus Park; New York, (New York County) New York – Phase 1A and Partial Monitoring Report Project Number: M015-203MA NYSOPRHP Project Number: 02PR03416 Prepared for: Submitted to: City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation A.A.H. Construction Corporation Olmstead Center; Queens, New York 18-55 42nd Street Astoria, New York 11105-1025 and New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Peebles Island, New York Prepared by: Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A., Principal Investigator and Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A. for: Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants, Incorporated October 2005 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Between September 2005 and October 2005, a Phase 1A Documentary Study and a partial Phase 1B Archaeological Monitoring was undertaken at Columbus Park, Block 165, Lot 1, New York, (New York County) New York. The project area is owned by the City of New York and managed through the Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks). The Parks’ Contract Number for the project is: M015-203MA. The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation’s (NYSOPRHP) File Number for the project is: 02PR03416.
    [Show full text]
  • New York's Mulberry Street and the Redefinition of the Italian
    FRUNZA, BOGDANA SIMINA., M.S. Streetscape and Ethnicity: New York’s Mulberry Street and the Redefinition of the Italian American Ethnic Identity. (2008) Directed by Prof. Jo R. Leimenstoll. 161 pp. The current research looked at ways in which the built environment of an ethnic enclave contributes to the definition and redefinition of the ethnic identity of its inhabitants. Assuming a dynamic component of the built environment, the study advanced the idea of the streetscape as an active agent of change in the definition and redefinition of ethnic identity. Throughout a century of existence, Little Italy – New York’s most prominent Italian enclave – changed its demographics, appearance and significance; these changes resonated with changes in the ethnic identity of its inhabitants. From its beginnings at the end of the nineteenth century until the present, Little Italy’s Mulberry Street has maintained its privileged status as the core of the enclave, but changed its symbolic role radically. Over three generations of Italian immigrants, Mulberry Street changed its role from a space of trade to a space of leisure, from a place of providing to a place of consuming, and from a social arena to a tourist tract. The photographic analysis employed in this study revealed that changes in the streetscape of Mulberry Street connected with changes in the ethnic identity of its inhabitants, from regional Southern Italian to Italian American. Moreover, the photographic evidence demonstrates the active role of the street in the permanent redefinition of
    [Show full text]
  • The New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan
    New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan The New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan August 2010 New York City Department of Transportation1 New York City Department of Transportation 1 New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan CONTENTS 4 Letter from the Commissioner 6 Executive Summary 8 Introduction 20 Findings - Pedestrian Crashes in New York City: Where When How Who 32 Action Plan Engineering Enforcement Public Communication Policy & Legislation Interagency Coordination & Cooperation 45 References 47 Acknowledgements 2 New York City Department of Transportation 3 New York City Pedestrian Safety Study & Action Plan LETTER FROM THE COMMISSIONER Dear fellow New Yorkers: Over the past decade we have made tremendous progress in reducing traffic fatalities in New York City. 2009 was in fact the safest year on record since the City began collecting data in 1910; annual traffic fatalities are down by 35 percent compared to 2001. New York’s streets are far safer than any other big city in this country. Our traffic fatality rates are more on par with world class cities such as London, Paris or Berlin. But even one fatality is too many. DOT aims to reduce by half the number of traffic deaths by 2030. In order to do this the agency has collected and analyzed more data about the causes of traffic deaths and injuries and where they are happening. We are using this information to design better streets. This first, unprecedented Pedestrian Safety Action Plan examines eight years of data about traffic crashes that have caused serious injuries or fatalities to pedestrians, and identifies underlying causes that we can address to reduce these crashes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Atonement in Fresh Kills: from Landfill to Landscape Marissa Reilly
    Vassar College Digital Window @ Vassar Senior Capstone Projects 2013 Ecological Atonement in Fresh Kills: From Landfill to Landscape Marissa Reilly Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone Recommended Citation Reilly, Marissa, "Ecological Atonement in Fresh Kills: From Landfill to Landscape" (2013). Senior Capstone Projects. 187. http://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone/187 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Window @ Vassar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Window @ Vassar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ecological Atonement in Fresh Kills: From Landfill to Landscape Marissa Reilly Urban Studies April 2013 Senior Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Urban Studies ________________________________________ Adviser, Brian Godfrey ________________________________________ Advisor, Tobias Armborst TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………...….3 Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………..…..…..4 Chapter 2: A History of New York City’s Atoned Spaces……………….………………..16 A Park for the People………………………………………….……………..….17 Atonement Atop The High Line………………………………….………….…..22 From Landfill to Landscape……………………………………….……...….….27 Chapter 3:The Competition: Re-conceptualization Nature Atop a Space of Track……35 Parklands by Hargreaves Associates………………………………….…...….37 Fresh Kills by John
    [Show full text]
  • Modernist Portraits
    Unit 11 MODERNIST PORTRAITS Experimentations in Style, World War I to World War II Authors and Works I How did the stylistic innovations of modernist prose affect the way later authors used language Featured in the Video: and narrative structure? Gertrude Stein, Tender Buttons (series of still lives) I How were the myths of the “public enemy” F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night, The Great shaped by historical and cultural changes during Gatsby (novels), “Babylon Revisited” (short story) the modern era? How is this related to shifting Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms (novel), “The notions of the American success story? Snows of Kilimanjaro” (short story) I How did modernity transform the traditional notions of American self-reliance and indepen- Discussed in This Unit: dence? How did authors consider and rework mod- Susan Glaspell, Trifles (play) ern social relations in their writing? Sherwood Anderson, Winesburg, Ohio (series of short stories) Wallace Stevens, “The Snow Man,” “The Emperor of Ice-Cream,” “Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock,” Learning Objectives “Sunday Morning,” “Gubbinal,” “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” (poems) After students have viewed the video, read the head- Marianne Moore, “Poetry,” “Nevertheless,” “In notes and literary selections in The Norton Anthol- Distrust of Merits” (poems) ogy of American Literature, and explored related Nella Larsen, Quicksand (novella) archival materials on the American Passages Web John Dos Passos, The Big Money (novel) site, they should be able to Hart Crane, “Chaplinesque,” The Bridge (poems) 1. recognize the different types of formal experi- mentation in the fiction of modernist writers such as Stein, Hemingway, Anderson, and Dos Overview Questions Passos, as well as in the poetry of Stevens, Moore, and Crane; I What issues shaped Americans’ thinking during 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    INDEX ABC Television Studios 152 Chrysler Building 96, 102 Evelyn Apartments 143–4 Abyssinian Baptist Church 164 Chumley’s 66–8 Fabbri mansion 113 The Alamo 51 Church of the Ascension Fifth Avenue 56, 120, 140 B. Altman Building 96 60–1 Five Points 29–31 American Museum of Natural Church of the Incarnation 95 Flagg, Ernest 43, 55, 156 History 142–3 Church of the Most Precious Flatiron Building 93 The Ansonia 153 Blood 37 Foley Square 19 Apollo Theater 165 Church of St Ann and the Holy Forward Building 23 The Apthorp 144 Trinity 167 42nd Street 98–103 Asia Society 121 Church of St Luke in the Fields Fraunces Tavern 12–13 Astor, John Jacob 50, 55, 100 65 ‘Freedom Tower’ 15 Astor Library 55 Church of San Salvatore 39 Frick Collection 120, 121 Church of the Transfiguration Banca Stabile 37 (Mott Street) 33 Gangs of New York 30 Bayard-Condict Building 54 Church of the Transfiguration Gay Street 69 Beecher, Henry Ward 167, 170, (35th Street) 95 General Motors Building 110 171 City Beautiful movement General Slocum 70, 73, 74 Belvedere Castle 135 58–60 General Theological Seminary Bethesda Terrace 135, 138 City College 161 88–9 Boathouse, Central Park 138 City Hall 18 German American Shooting Bohemian National Hall 116 Colonnade Row 55 Society 72 Borough Hall, Brooklyn 167 Columbia University 158–9 Gilbert, Cass 9, 18, 19, 122 Bow Bridge 138–9 Columbus Circle 149 Gotti, John 40 Bowery 50, 52–4, 57 Columbus Park 29 Grace Court Alley 170 Bowling Green Park 9 Conservatory Water 138 Gracie Mansion 112, 117 Broadway 8, 92 Cooper-Hewitt National Gramercy
    [Show full text]
  • GEOG 3940 Urban Geographies of New York City (Urban Geography Seminar) Instructor: E
    University of Denver Department of Geography & the Environment Course Syllabus GEOG 3940 Urban Geographies of New York City (Urban Geography Seminar) Instructor: E. Eric Boschmann, Associate Professor [email protected] Course dates and planning considerations: This course begins in New York City on Monday, June 17th (late afternoon) and ends on Sunday, June 23rd (morning). Students are responsible for arranging their travel to/from NYC with these course dates in mind. The class is taught entirely in New York City, and requires an extensive amount of walking each day as well as riding of the city subway system. Course fees includes 6 nights shared hotel room, all tours and museum fees, plus 2 group meals. Students will need money for most meals, and should bring extra money for hotel room tips, souvenirs, or discretionary spending. Course Description: This course examines the rise of the modern metropolis through intensive study of New York City. Participants in this course will observe and experience the city through spirited urban hiking and subway riding to learn key themes in urban geography including, the historic evolution of the city, changes in dominant urban issues across time, and contemporary approaches to understanding human urban landscapes. Specifically this class will focus upon urban change, urban growth and development, urban infrastructures and transportation, urban design and architecture, economies of the city, tourism and culture, social geographies, and urban sustainability. The course will be conducted entirely
    [Show full text]
  • Tenure and Vulnerability: the Effects of Changes to Tenure Security on the Identity and Social Relationships of the Urban Poor
    TENURE AND VULNERABILITY: THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES TO TENURE SECURITY ON THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE URBAN POOR BY KAMNA PATEL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM OCTOBER 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Directed by the Millennium Development Goal to improve the lives of at least 100 million ‘slum’ dwellers by 2020, national governments and development agencies are driving policy to upgrade and formalise informal settlements. This study is an investigation into the effects of in situ upgrade and formalisation on the vulnerability and resilience of the urban poor in Durban, South Africa. The study examines the relationships between tenure and vulnerability by identifying and exploring how changes to tenure security, introduced through the upgrade process, affect individuals’ exposure to risk and ability to cope, and the ways in which identity and social relations influence those effects. The data are drawn from twenty-four ethnographies of residents living in three low income settlements in/around Durban each at different stages in the upgrade process.
    [Show full text]