Records of the Western Australian Aluseum 24: I95~ 1(1) (2001)).

A new species, Olavius ulrikae (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae), re-assessment of a Western Australian gutless marine worm

Christer Erseus Department of Zoology, Ciiteborg University, Box 463, SE-405 30 Ciiteborg, Sweden. Email: christeLerSeUS(II.Zool.gu.se

Abstract Three Western Australian specimens of the gutless marine worm genus OIavius, previously identified as Olavius propinquus Ers(;us, 1984, are reconsidered and selected as type material of a new species, 0. ulrikae sp. novo This taxon differs from 0. propinquus (s. str.), known only from Fiji in the South Pacific Ocean, by its curved (instead of straight) penial chaetae (in segment XI), and more numerous somatic chaetae in preclitellar segments. Both species belong to an Indo-Pacific complex of closely related forms, the general taxonomy of which is discussed.

Keywords: Indian Ocean, morphology, OIavius propinquus, taxonomy

INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS In a taxonomic account of Western Australian The whole-mounted worms selected as types of marine Tubificidae, Erseus (1993) recorded 41 0. ulrikae sp. n. (specified below) were already species from Rottnest Island and adjacent areas near deposited in the Western Australian Museum Perth. One of these species, represented by three (WAM), Perth, and the Swedish Museum of Natural specimens from a subtidal locality near Rottnest History (SMNH), Stockholm. All were originally Island, was identified as Olavius propinquus regarded as non-type specimens of "0. Erseus, 1984, a gutless tubificid previously known propinquus", and information on their collection only from Fiji in the South Pacific Ocean. The and preparation was given by Erseus (1993). Western Australian material was described, illustrated and compared to the original O. propinquus by Erseus (1993), and the morph­ SYSTEMATICS ological differences noted were considered as intraspecific and associated with the long Family Tubificidae geographical distance between the two populations. Subfamily Phallodrilinae It should be noted that the current knowledge of these small worms in the Indo-Pacific region as a Genus Olavius Erseus, 1984 whole is based on limited collection efforts in a few disjunct areas around the Australian continent Olavius ulrikae sp. novo (Erseus 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1997a, 1997b; Erseus Figure 1 and Bergfeldt 2007). Olavius propinquus Erseus: Erseus, 1993: 364~365, Recently, while studying several new species of figure 16 (partim; not Erseus, 1984). OJavius from the South Pacific, Erseus and Bergfeldt (2007) suggested that the intraspecific OJavius "propinquus" Erseus: ErsE'us and Bergfeldt, morphological variation in gutless Tubificidae is 2007: 51 table I (referring to the Western smaller than previously thought. Therefore, Australian material only). specimens from New Caledonia also resembling 0. propinquus were attributed to a new taxon, O. Material examined isomerus ErsE'us and Bergfeldt, 2007, which differs from 0. s. only in the number of propinquus str. Australia: Western Australia: E. of Phillip Rock, secondary body wall annuli and somatic chaetae. In about 1 km off Phillip Point (Kingston), I\ottnest the light of this, the status of "propinquus" from Island, off Perth, 12 m, fine sand, 19 January 1991, Rottnest Island was re-assessed, and it is concluded P. Hutchings (WAM V 156-92), whole-mounted that this form should be regarded as a third species, specimen; originally identified as Olavius formally described as new in the present paper. propinquus(see Erseus 1993: 3(4). 196 C. Erseus A B « a '--__2_0-:IJ_m__--', (A-8)

100 )Jm

Figure 1 OJaviu5 uJrikae sp. novo A, somatic chaeta; B, penial chaeta; C. lateral view of spermathecae and male genitalia in segments X-XI (reproduced from Erseus (1993, figure 16)).

Pa ra types work on South Pacific gutless tubificids drew my Australia: Western Australia: 2 whole-mounted attention to the taxonomic status of the present specimens from type locality, originally identified species. as 0. propinquus and lodged in the SMNH Main (non-type) Collection, as ref. nos. 1397 and 29640, Distribution and habitat respectively (SMNH Type Coli. 6953-6954 (new reg. Known only from Rottnest Island, Western nos.)); 1 specimen (29640) was first retained in the Australia; 12 m, fine sand. author's collection (see Erseus 1993: 364) and later deposited in SMNH. DISCUSSION Description (abbreviated, after Erseus (1993» Olavius u]rikae belongs to a homogeneous group Length 7.6-9.2 mm, 37-48 segments. Body of species that all have more or less C-shaped, slender; maximum width (at XI) 0.15-0.17 mm. tubular atria, each of which opens into the inner Clitellum extending over most of segments X-XII. end of a deep copulatory sac, immediately anterior Secondary annuli (6)7 per (postclitellar) segment. to the base of a large papilla formed by a large fold Somatic chaetae (Figure lA) bifid, 28-42 pm long, of the sac wall (e.g., see Erseus 1981: figure 4; 1984: 2-3 per bundle anteriorly, 2 per bundle in figure 20C). Within this group, O. albidus postclitellar segments. Penial chaetae (Figures 18; (Jamieson, 1977), 0. propinquus Erseus, 1984 (sensu 1C, ps) 28-35 pm long, 3 per bundle, with single­ stricto), 0. albidoides Erseus, 1997, 0. capillus pointed, clearly curved outer ends. Male pores in Erseus, 1997, and 0. isomerus Erseus and Bergfeldt, line with ventral somatic chaetae, posteriorly in 2007, are most similar to 0. ulrikae. All six taxa segment XI. Spermathecal pores in line with dorsal have (1) virtually identical male genital ducts (in 0. chaetae anteriorly in segment X. Alimentary canal capillus, however, the atrium appears to open at the absent. Vasa deferentia (Figure 18, vd) 7-12 pm tip rather than the base of the copulatory papilla; wide, entering apical ends of cylindrical, curved Erseus, 1997), (2) more or less dorsal spermathecal atria, 80-95 pm long, 19-27 pm wide. Atria (Figure pores, (3) oblong, thin-walled spermathecae, and (4) 1C, a) opening into inner ends of copulatory sacs, penial chaetae that are most often three per bundle. each at base of large papilla (pp). Prostate glands However, whereas the penial chaetae of the five (Figure 1C, prl and pr 2) two per atrium. previously described species are straight and Spermathecae (Figure 1C, s) with short ducts and parallel within the bundle, those of 0. ulrikae are oblong, thin-walled ampullae, latter 65-80 pm long, clearly curved in their outer part (Figure 1B). 16-23 pm wide. Moreover, in 0. propinquus s. str. and 0. capillus, the somatic chaetae are invariably two per bundle Etymology throughout the body, while in the others (including Named ulrikae, for Mrs U1rika Liden (born 0. ulrikae), several bundles in the pre-clitellar part Bergfeldt), my former Master's student, whose of the worm contain three chaetae. ------_... _--

Olavius ulrikae, a gutless marine worm 197

Olavius ulrikae, O. capillus and O. albidoides (OligochOligochaeta) 1997) has been recorded also from Rottnest Island of I.(ottnest Island, Western Australia. In E.E. Wells, (Erseus 1993) and Albany in the south (Ers(;us DJ. Walker, H. Kirkman and R. Lethbridge (eds.), 1990). Olavius albidoides is distinguished from 0. The Marine Flora and Fauna of l?otlnest Island, ulrikae as well as the other species mentioned here leVestern Australia: 331-390. Western Australian by its large, characteristically bipartite Museum, Perth. spermathecal ampullae, and the more lateral Ers6us, C. (1997a). Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from position of its spermathecal pores. Interestingly, the Montebello and Houtman Abrolhos Islands, when first reported from Western Australia Western Australia, with descriptions of twenty-three (ErseusI990, 1993), 0. albidoides was also taken new species. In F. E. Wells (cd.), The Marine Flora for a species first described from the South Pacific, and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, i.e., 0. albidus, a taxon of the Great Barrier Reef Western Australia: 3R9-45R. Western Australian (Jamieson 1977; Erseus 1981, 1997). Museum, Perth. Admittedly, the separation of this compex of Ers6us, C (1997b). The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) closely related Olavius species is based on subtle of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia, with descriptions of fifteen new species. In J.R. morphological differences, and the taxonomy Hanley, G. Caswell, D. Megirian and H.K. Larsen presented here needs to be tested by molecular data (eds), PJ'()cf'edings of the Sixth International Marine when such are made available. 'rhe mitochondrial Biological Workshop. 711e Marine Flora and Fauna of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COl) gene has been Darwin HarbollI~ Northern Territory, Australia: 99­ proposed as a "barcode" marker for identification 132. Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern of animal species (Hebert et al. 2003a; Hebert and Territory, Darwin, and the Australian Marine Gregory, 2(05), and Hebert et al. (2003b) noted that Sciences Association. the COl sequences of congeneric species pairs of Ers6us, C and Bergfeldt, U. (2007). Six new species of Annelida available in GenBank differ on average by the gutless genus Olavius (Annelida: Clitellata: about 16')(,. COl works as an identifier for at least Tubificidae) from New Caledonia. Zootaxa 1400: some oligochaetes (Erseus and Kvist 2(07), and it 45-5R. has revealed cryptic speciation in oligochaetes used Erst;us, C and Custafsson, D. (in press). Cryptic as models in biological sciences (reviewed by speciation in ditellate model organisms. In D. Shain Erseus and Gustafsson, in press). For the complex (ed.), Annelids in modem biology. John Wiley & of Olavius species treated here, COl sequences are Sons. available only for O. albidoides (GenBank Erst;us, C. and Kvist, S. (2007). COl variation in Scandinavian marine species of Tubifjcoides AF064037; Nylander et al. 1999), and 0. albidus (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae). Journal of the (Ers(;us, unpublished) and they are 16.5% different. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Although scanty, this information may be indicative 87: 1121-1126. of the genetic distances to be expected also between Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. and deWaard, other morphologically similar forms of Olavius. J. R. (2003a). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the l?oval Socidv, London 13 270: 313-321. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Hebert, P. D. N. and Gregorv, T. R. (2005). The promise I am indebted to the Swedish Research Council of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Systematic Biologv (grant!! 621-2004-2397) for financial support, and 54: R52-R59. two anonvmous reviewers for valuable comments. Hebert, 1'. D. N., 1'enton, E. H., Burns, J. M., janzen, D. ! I. and! Iallwachs, W. (2004b). Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic in the neotropical skipper butterflv Astraptes fulgerator. REFERENCES Proceedings of the National ofSciences 101: Frs('us, C. (19RI). Taxonomic studies of 1'hallodrilinae 14RI2-14RI7. Tubi from the Creat Barrier Heb('l't, pD.N., Ratnasingham, C; and deWaard, j.R. Reef and the Comoro Islands, with descri ptions ot (2003b). Ba rcod ing all ima IIill': toch rOIlll' c ten new and one new genus. oxidase sllbllnit I d arnollg related Scripta 10: 15-31. species. Proceedings of the Roral London B Ers('us, C. (I and phylogeny of the 270: 96-99. gutless Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with jamieson, B. C. M. (1977). Marine ll11'iobenthic descriptions of one new genus and twentv-two IlC,~ Oligochaeta from l1('1'on and Wistari Reefs (Cn'at species. Zoologica Scripta 13: 239-272. Barrier Reef) of the genera Clitellio, Limnodriloides Ers('us, C. (1990). The marine Tubiticidae and Naididae and Phallodri/us (Tubificidae) and Crania 198 C. Erseus

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Manuscript accepted 29 August 2007.

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