Appendix J Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature Not Evaluated
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Evolution of Photochemical Reaction Centres
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/502450; this version posted December 20, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Evolution of photochemical reaction 2 centres: more twists? 3 4 Tanai Cardona, A. William Rutherford 5 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK 6 Correspondence to: [email protected] 7 8 Abstract 9 The earliest event recorded in the molecular evolution of photosynthesis is the structural and 10 functional specialisation of Type I (ferredoxin-reducing) and Type II (quinone-reducing) reaction 11 centres. Here we point out that the homodimeric Type I reaction centre of Heliobacteria has a Ca2+- 12 binding site with a number of striking parallels to the Mn4CaO5 cluster of cyanobacterial 13 Photosystem II. This structural parallels indicate that water oxidation chemistry originated at the 14 divergence of Type I and Type II reaction centres. We suggests that this divergence was triggered by 15 a structural rearrangement of a core transmembrane helix resulting in a shift of the redox potential 16 of the electron donor side and electron acceptor side at the same time and in the same redox direction. 17 18 Keywords 19 Photosynthesis, Photosystem, Water oxidation, Oxygenic, Anoxygenic, Reaction centre 20 21 Evolution of Photosystem II 22 There is no consensus on when and how oxygenic photosynthesis originated. Both the timing and the 23 evolutionary mechanism are disputed. -
Chapter 3 the Title and Subtitle of This Chapter Convey a Dual Meaning
3.1. Introduction Chapter 3 The title and subtitle of this chapter convey a dual meaning. At first reading, the subtitle Photosynthetic Reaction might seem to indicate that the topic of the structure, function and organization of Centers: photosynthetic reaction centers is So little time, so much to do exceedingly complex and that there is simply insufficient time or space in this brief article to cover the details. While this is John H. Golbeck certainly the case, the subtitle is Department of Biochemistry additionally meant to convey the idea that there is precious little time after the and absorption of a photon to accomplish the Molecular Biology task of preserving the energy in the form of The Pennsylvania State University stable charge separation. University Park, PA 16802 USA The difficulty is there exists a fundamental physical limitation in the amount of time available so that a photochemically induced excited state can be utilized before the energy is invariably wasted. Indeed, the entire design philosophy of biological reaction centers is centered on overcoming this physical, rather than chemical or biological, limitation. In this chapter, I will outline the problem of conserving the free energy of light-induced charge separation by focusing on the following topics: 3.2. Definition of the problem: the need to stabilize a charge-separated state. 3.3. The bacterial reaction center: how the cofactors and proteins cope with this problem in a model system. 3.4. Review of Marcus theory: what governs the rate of electron transfer in proteins? 3.5. Photosystem II: a variation on a theme of the bacterial reaction center. -
Report of the United Nations Conference To
A/CONF.230/14 Report of the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development United Nations Headquarters 5-9 June 2017 United Nations New York, 2017 Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. [15 June 2017] Contents Chapter Page I. Resolutions adopted by the Conference ............................................. 5 II. Organization of work and other organizational matters ................................ 11 A. Date and venue of the Conference ............................................. 11 B. Attendance ................................................................ 11 C. Opening of the Conference................................................... 12 D. Election of the two Presidents and other officers of the Conference ................. 13 E. Adoption of the rules of procedure ............................................ 13 F. Adoption of the agenda of the Conference ...................................... 13 G. Organization of work, including the establishment of subsidiary bodies, and other organizational matters ....................................................... 14 H. Credentials of representatives to the Conference ................................. 14 I. Documentation ............................................................ 14 III. General debate ................................................................ -
Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-Target Organisms Katherine Horak U.S
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Publications Health Inspection Service 2018 Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-target Organisms Katherine Horak U.S. Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Penny M. Fisher Landcare Research Brian M. Hopkins Landcare Research Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Life Sciences Commons Horak, Katherine; Fisher, Penny M.; and Hopkins, Brian M., "Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non- target Organisms" (2018). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 2091. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2091 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff ubP lications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Chapter 4 Pharmacokinetics of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Target and Non-target Organisms Katherine E. Horak, Penny M. Fisher, and Brian Hopkins 1 Introduction The concentration of a compound at the site of action is a determinant of its toxicity. This principle is affected by a variety of factors including the chemical properties of the compound (pKa, lipophilicity, molecular size), receptor binding affinity, route of exposure, and physiological properties of the organism. Many compounds have to undergo chemical changes, biotransformation, into more toxic or less toxic forms. Because of all of these variables, predicting toxic effects and performing risk assess- ments of compounds based solely on dose are less accurate than those that include data on absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of the compound. -
JULIA, ANNE, MARIE PONT Née Le 22 Avril 1975 À PARIS XVI
ENVT ANNEE 2003 THESE : 2003- TOU 3 DES ANIMAUX, DES GUERRES ET DES HOMMES De l’utilisation des animaux dans les guerres de l’antiquité à nos jours THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR VETERINAIRE DIPLOME D’ETAT Présentée et soutenue publiquement en 2003 Devant l’Université Paul-Sabatier de Toulouse Par JULIA, ANNE, MARIE PONT Née le 22 avril 1975 à PARIS XVI Directeur de thèse : M. le Professeur Michel FRANC JURY Liste des professeurs 2 A Monsieur le Professeur …. 3 Professeur de la faculté de Médecine de Toulouse Qui nous a fait l’honneur d’accepter la présidence de notre jury de thèse A Monsieur le Professeur Michel Franc Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse Qui a accepté de diriger cette thèse, pour la confiance et la patience qu’il a bien voulu m’accorder. Je vous témoigne toute ma gratitude et ma profonde reconnaissance. A Monsieur….. Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse Pour l’attention qu’il a bien voulu apporter à l’examen de ce travail 4 A mes parents, présents au jour le jour. Ce que je suis aujourd’hui je vous le dois. Vous m’avez épaulée dans chaque moment de ma vie, soutenue dans tous les tracas et les aléas de l’existence, poussée en avant pour tenter de donner le meilleur de moi-même. Si aujourd’hui je réalise mon rêve d’enfant, c’est en grande partie grâce à vous, à la ligne de conduite que vous m’avez montrée, autant dans ma vie personnelle que professionnelle. -
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation Calvin Cycle Light
Stage 3: RuBP regeneration Glycolysis Ribulose 5- Light-Dependent Reaction (Cytosol) phosphate 3 ATP + C6H12O6 + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 3 ADP + 3 Pi + + 1 GA3P 6 NADP + H Pi NADPH + ADP + Pi ATP 2 C3H4O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H + 2 ATP + 2 H2O 3 CO2 Stage 1: ATP investment ½ glucose + + Glucose 2 H2O 4H + O2 2H Ferredoxin ATP Glyceraldehyde 3- Ribulose 1,5- Light Light Fx iron-sulfur Sakai-Kawada, F Hexokinase phosphate bisphosphate - 4e + center 2016 ADP Calvin Cycle 2H Stroma Mn-Ca cluster + 6 NADP + Light-Independent Reaction Phylloquinone Glucose 6-phosphate + 6 H + 6 Pi Thylakoid Tyr (Stroma) z Fe-S Cyt f Stage 1: carbon membrane Phosphoglucose 6 NADPH P680 P680* PQH fixation 2 Plastocyanin P700 P700* D-(+)-Glucose isomerase Cyt b6 1,3- Pheophytin PQA PQB Fructose 6-phosphate Bisphosphoglycerate ATP Lumen Phosphofructokinase-1 3-Phosphoglycerate ADP Photosystem II P680 2H+ Photosystem I P700 Stage 2: 3-PGA Photosynthesis Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate reduction 2H+ 6 ADP 6 ATP 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 H+ + 6 Pi Cytochrome b6f Aldolase Plastoquinol-plastocyanin ATP synthase NADH reductase Triose phosphate + + + CO2 + H NAD + CoA-SH isomerase α-Ketoglutarate + Stage 2: 6-carbonTwo 3- NAD+ NADH + H + CO2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate carbons Isocitrate α-Ketoglutarate dehydogenase dehydrogenase Glyceraldehyde + Pi + NAD Isocitrate complex 3-phosphate Succinyl CoA Oxidative Phosphorylation dehydrogenase NADH + H+ Electron Transport Chain GDP + Pi 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate H+ Succinyl CoA GTP + CoA-SH Aconitase synthetase -
You Light up My Life
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Electromagnetic Spectrum Shortest Gamma rays wavelength X-rays UV radiation Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Longest Radio waves wavelength Photons • Packets of light energy • Each type of photon has fixed amount of energy • Photons having most energy travel as shortest wavelength (blue-violet light) Visible Light shortest range of most radiation range of heat escaping longest wavelengths reaching Earth’s surface from Earth’s surface wavelengths (most energetic) (lowest energy) gamma x ultraviolet near-infrared infrared microwaves radio rays rays radiation radiation radiation waves VISIBLE LIGHT 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelengths of light (nanometers) • Wavelengths humans perceive as different colors • Violet (380 nm) to red (750 nm) • Longer wavelengths, lower energy Fig. 7-2, p.108 Pigments • Colors you can see are the wavelengths not absorbed • These light catching particles capture energy from the various wavelengths. Variety of Pigments Chlorophylls a and b Carotenoids - orange Anthocyanins - purple/red Phycobilins - red Xanthophylls - yellow Chlorophylls chlorophyll a chlorophyll b Wavelength absorption (%) absorption Wavelength Wavelength (nanometers) Accessory Pigments Carotenoids, Phycobilins, Anthocyanins beta-carotene phycoerythrin (a phycobilin) percent of wavelengths absorbed wavelengths (nanometers) Pigments Fig. 7-3a, p.109 Pigments Fig. 7-3b, p.109 Pigments Fig. 7-3c, p.109 Pigments Fig. 7-3d, p.109 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwGcOg PB10o&feature=fvsr Fig. 7-3e, p.109 Pigments Fig. 7-3e, p.109 Pigments in Photosynthesis • Bacteria – Pigments in plasma membranes • Plants – Pigments and proteins organized in chloroplast membranes T.E. Englemann’s Experiment Background • Certain bacterial cells will move toward places where oxygen concentration is high • Photosynthesis produces oxygen T.E. -
Study Protocol
Protocol 3-001 Confidential 28APRIL2017 Version 4.1 Asahi Kasei Pharma America Corporation Synopsis Title of Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of ART-123 in Subjects with Severe Sepsis and Coagulopathy Name of Sponsor/Company: Asahi Kasei Pharma America Corporation Name of Investigational Product: ART-123 Name of Active Ingredient: thrombomodulin alpha Objectives Primary: x To evaluate whether ART-123, when administered to subjects with bacterial infection complicated by at least one organ dysfunction and coagulopathy, can reduce mortality. x To evaluate the safety of ART-123 in this population. Secondary: x Assessment of the efficacy of ART-123 in resolution of organ dysfunction in this population. x Assessment of anti-drug antibody development in subjects with coagulopathy due to bacterial infection treated with ART-123. Study Center(s): Phase of Development: Global study, up to 350 study centers Phase 3 Study Period: Estimated time of first subject enrollment: 3Q 2012 Estimated time of last subject enrollment: 3Q 2018 Number of Subjects (planned): Approximately 800 randomized subjects. Page 2 of 116 Protocol 3-001 Confidential 28APRIL2017 Version 4.1 Asahi Kasei Pharma America Corporation Diagnosis and Main Criteria for Inclusion of Study Subjects: This study targets critically ill subjects with severe sepsis requiring the level of care that is normally associated with treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The inclusion criteria for organ dysfunction and coagulopathy must be met within a 24 hour period. 1. Subjects must be receiving treatment in an ICU or in an acute care setting (e.g., Emergency Room, Recovery Room). -
Newsletter Master Copy 3
Newsletter Issue 132 Sep 2013 Registered Charity No. 510146 hanks to all those who contributed to this edition. Also, thanks to all those Twho volunteered, some time ago, to assist in the packing of the newsletter for posting. If you haven't been called yet don’t worry I still have your names on the list and the Christmas edition is usually the big one! The details of the programme of events for the rest of the year can be found on page seven, along with any relevant notices. I intend to make this a regular feature to remind members of the events and advise you of any changes to them. The full programme can also be found on the website at: www.deesidenaturalists.org.uk. Speaking of the website we have been experiencing a few problems recently with emails and access to the site itself. That, hopefully, has now been resolved and both should be back to normal. If anyone is still having problems logging onto the site please let me know via email to: [email protected]. I am also still looking for volunteers to help build the bird, butterfly and plant identification pages. Anyone interested in helping can contact me at the same email address. A few members attended the Rutland Bird Fair. As my wife had booked us both on one of the evening trips around the reservoir to see the Ospreys we decided to stop overnight. We didn’t see any but the commentary by Johnny Kingdom more than made up for it. For those of you who have never been to the bird fair, this is a great opportunity to spend a fortune on equipment, see a host of celebrities and book wildlife holidays for virtually any place on the planet! I found the layout of the fair confusing at first but eventually found my way round the site. -
BRAVE BIRDS By: PDSA - the UK’S Leading Veterinary Charity
BRAVE BIRDS By: PDSA - the UK’s leading veterinary charity. Additional text and photos courtesy of Australian War Memorial and UK Flightglobal Archive. The most famous and the oldest of the charity’s awards is the PDSA Dickin Medal. It acknowledges outstanding acts of bravery displayed by animals serving with the Armed Forces or Civil Defence units in any theatre of war, worldwide. The Medal is recognised as the animals’ Victoria Cross and is the highest British honour for animal bravery in military conflicts. The medal was instituted in 1943 Maria Dickin. Maria Dickin CBE PDSA owes its foundation to the vision of one woman - Maria Elisabeth Dickin - and her determination to raise the status of animals, and the standard of their care, in society. During the First World War, Maria Dickin CBE worked to improve the dreadful state of animal health in the Whitechapel area of London. She wanted to open a clinic where East Enders living in poverty could receive free treatment for their sick and injured animals. Left: Despite the scepticism of the Establishment, Maria Dickin opened her free 'dispensary' in a Whitechapel basement on Saturday 17th November 1917. It was an immediate success and she was soon forced to find larger premises. Photo PDSA. Within six years this extraordinary woman had designed and equipped her first horse-drawn clinic and soon a fleet of mobile dispensaries was established. PDSA vehicles soon became a comforting and familiar sight throughout the country. With success came increased attention from her critics at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and the Ministry of Agrigulture. -
New Germans, New Dutch: Literary Interventions Minnaard, Liesbeth
www.ssoar.info New Germans, new Dutch: literary interventions Minnaard, Liesbeth Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Minnaard, L. (2009). New Germans, new Dutch: literary interventions. (Palimpsest: Disorientations). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-271825 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de new Germans, new dutch Literary Interventions liesbeth minnaard amsterdam university press New Germans, New Dutch New Germans, New Dutch Literary Interventions Liesbeth Minnaard Amsterdam University Press Foundation Palimpsest Foundation Palimpsest supports the publication of excellent scientific research in the academic discipline of cultural analysis, among other things by subsidizing the book series Palimpsest: Disorientation. The book series Palimpsest: Disorientation addresses the culture of war, civil war, violence and conflict. It aims to rethink the discourse of war and enmity, and in doing so it hopes to contribute to the undermining of the stereotyping frames, without which no war can be waged. The book series first term, Palimpsest, (the scraped-off parchment roll) suggests the layeredness, opacity and density of cultural objects and processes, and there- fore also their rich possibilities towards rereading and revision. -
CHAPTER 1 General Introduction
CHAPTER 1 General Introduction Chapter 1 1.1 General Introduction Drugs are defined as chemical substances that are used to prevent or cure diseases in humans and animals. Drugs can also act as poisons if taken in excess. For example paracetamol overdose causes coma and death. Apart from the curative effect of drugs, most of them have several unwanted biological effects known as side effects. Aspirin which is commonly used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever and as an anti-inflammatory medication, may also cause gastric irritation and bleeding. Also many drugs, such as antibiotics, when over used develop resistance to the patients, microorganisms and virus which are intended to control by drug. Resistance occurs when a drug is no longer effective in controlling a medical condition.1 Thus, new drugs are constantly required to surmount drug resistance, for the improvement in the treatment of existing diseases, the treatment of newly identified disease, minimise the adverse side effects of existing drugs etc. Drugs are classified in number of different ways depending upon their mode of action such as antithrombotic drugs, analgesic, antianxiety, diuretics, antidepressant and antibiotics etc.2 Antithrombotic drugs are one of the most important classes of drugs which can be shortly defined as ―drugs that reduce the formation of blood clots‖. The blood coagulation, also known as haemostasis is a physiological process in which body prevents blood loss by forming stable clot at the site of injury. Clot formation is a coordinated interplay of two fundamental processes, aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin.