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Chapman & Capco 1951.Pdf CHECK LIST OF THE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDJ2) OF ASIA JAMES W. CHAPMAN Formerly of the Department of Biology, Sillinnni University, Dumaguete, Philippines SANTIAGO R. CAPCO Formerly of the National Museum, Manila. INTRODUCTION Perhaps a short history of the check list is necessary, if only to call attention to the difficulty under which scientific work in the Philippines has been carried on during the war and in the postwar period. The check list was begun in 1939 in collabo- ration with the Bureau of Science, Natural History Division, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Manila. Mr. San- tiago R. Capco, then entomologist, was assigned to assist in getting it out. The manuscript was finished and ready to submit for publication in December, 1941. This original copy with its duplicate and all records were burned when the Bureau of Science was destroyed at the time of liberation. When the war came, most of the senior author's ant collection was still in Dumaguete, though a great deal had been sent to Dr. W. M. Wheeler, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, for identification. The material consist- ing of more than 100 boxes of pinned specimens was moved up into the foot-hills of the Cuernos Mountains of Negros, where a small hut was built, at about 3,000 feet altitude, to house and protect it. The ant literature, records of some twenty- live years collecting, card catalogue, and an incomplete draft of the check list were also stored there. The ants and most of the material stored with them were saved and brought back to Dumaguete after the Japanese had been driven out. It was from this material that this check list has been reconstructed. When the study of the ants of the Philippines was begun by the senior author in 1916, seventy-two species were recorded. (3 CHECK LIST OF THE ANTS OF ASIA This number has been increased to approximately five-hundred species, of which one hundred and fifty were new. Many of the Philippine species are related to those on the continent of Asia, as well as to the countries immediately to the south, extending even as far as Australia and into Oceania. In order to identify the Philippine species it has been necessary to become familiar with the literature of the whole Austro- asiatic region. This has led to the compiling of the check list of the ants of this region. It is hoped that it might serve a two-fold purpose: as an aid to further studies of the Philip- pine species and to stimulate others who might be interested in collecting and studying the ant fauna of the whole south Pacific. The accompanying map showing an area blocked in heavy lines gives the countries and islands covered by this list. The main countries included are Japan, Korea, Manchu- ria, Mongolia, China, Tibet, Afghanistan, India, Ceylon, For- mosa, Hongkong, the Philippines, Indo-China, Siam, Burma. Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Moluccas, Celebes, New Guinea, Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands, parts of Seychelles, and Mau- ritius Island, where collections have been made since Wheeler's Check List of Malagasay Region was published in 1922. The Check list of the ants of Hawaii and of Oceania were published by Wheeler in 1935 and 1936 and it included all the small islands of the Central Pacific: Bismark Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Fiji Islands, Santa Cruz, New Caledonia, Lord Howe, Norfolk and New Zealand, and all the smaller islands off the west coast of California and Mexico. The source materials for the present check list are the Zoological Record, Genera Insectorum (Emery), original papers or their micro-film reproductions. The greatest source is the 150 papers by Dr. W. M. Wheeler, on the ants of this region, beginning with "The Ants of Japan," in 1906, and closing with "Additions to the Ant-Fauna of Krakatau and Verlaten Islands."' in 1937. The family Formicidse now contains eight sub-families, all of which are represented in the area covered by the present list. The whole consists of 176 genera, 136 subgenera, 2,080 species. 441 subspecies, and 684 varieties. We have arranged the sub- families by tribes, genera, subgenera, species, and subspecies, to and varieties, following closely Wheeler's (1922) "The Key the Genera and Sub-genera of Ants," except that the senior author took the liberty to arrange the material alphabetically under each division so as to facilitate its use by non-specialists. INTRODUCTION 7 An alphabetical index will also greatly add to its usefulness. Only the original citation is given for each species, subspecies, and variety. This is followed by the caste or castes, when known, on which the original description was based. In addition to the type location, the major regions in which the species have been found are given as these data are of value to the student of ecology and zoogeography. Wheeler in the introduction to his Check List of Oceania (1935) has given a most thorough discussion of the problems faced in the classification and distribution of certain Old World genera of this region. The senior author's own studies during the past thirty years emphasize all the more the fact he called to our attention, that is, the close relationships of the Philippine, Papuan and Australian faunas, some of which extend into the islands of the Pacific. It would appear from the senior author's studies that many genera have a decidedly restricted distribution. I feel that this is probably due to the limited material now available from this region and that there is great likelihood that the range of many of these genera will be considerably extended when more extensive collections are made. When I last visited the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in 1941, and checked the specimens in Wheeler's collection which were still undescribed, 1 found a very large number labeled "new." The total in his collection and mine* may reach two- hundred and fifty species. To describe this material will be a great task involving an extensive study and revision of many difficult genera such as Ponera, Trapeziopelta, Diacamma, LCJ>- iogenys, Pheidole, Slnimifjenys, Aphaenof/aster, Dolichoderns. and Camponotus, to which many of these new species belong. With very few exceptions these have been added to the collection during the past twenty-five years. Collections by various members of the armed forces during World War II will no doubt swell this number enormously. We are indebted to Leonardo Magdamo, one of our under- graduate students of science in Silliman University, who has helped arrange the card catalogue, assisted in checking the lit- erature and micro-films, and typed the manuscript. CHECK LIST OF THE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMI- CIDJE) OF ASIA FORMICIDAE Subfamily DORYLINJE Leach Tribe DORYLINI Forel Genus DORYLUS Fabricius DORYLUS (ALAOPONE) ORIENTALIS Weshvood Dorylua (Alaopone) orientalist Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 3- (1835) 72, $. Hindustan; Emery (1881) Calcutta; Gee (1924) China, $; Karawajew Wheeler (192C) Java, o; Wheeler (1927) Burma, '<$ U ; (1928) China, also Borneo. 9 ; Ceylon, Sumatra, DORYLUS (ALAOPONE) ORIENTALIS var. OBSCURIPES SanCschi Doryhts (Alaopone) oricntalis var. obscuripes Santchi, Ann. Soc. Eut.. Relg-. 60 (1920) 160, 5. India: Madras (Viehmeyer). DORYLUS (ALAOPONE) ORIENTALIS subsp. FUSCA Emery Dorylus (Alaopone) oriental-is subsp. fusca Emery, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 27 (1890) 487, <5. (Aenicttus fitscHx). Burma; Dutt. (1912) India; Wheeler (1927) Burma, y K. DORYLUS (ALAOPONE) ORIENTALIS subsp. LONGICORNIS Shuckard Dorylus (Alaopone) orientalis subsp. longicornis Shuckard, Ann. Nat^ Hist. 5 (1.940) 321, 3. India, also Batchian Is. DORYLUS (ANOMMA) ERRATICA Fred. Smith Dorylitsi (Arwmma) erratica Fred. Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 8 (184) 71, ?. New Guinea. DORYLUS (DICHTIIADIA) LAEVIGATUS Fred. Smith Dori/lus (Dichtliailiii) livi'lya-tux Fred. Smith, Join-. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 2 (1857) 70, 9. (Titpltlopone hri-ii/nfii*) . Borneo: Sarawak; Emery (1887) Sumatra; Emery (1810) Celebes, Forel Wheeler 9 9- ($ ; (1912) Java, J; (191.9) Borneo, v; Wheeler (1924) Sebesi, 9; Forel (1924) Sumatra, v <5 ; Karawajew (192fi) Su- matra, H; Wheeler (1928) Krakatau, o. DORYLUS (DICHTHADIA LAEVIGATUS var. BREVICEPS Emery Dori/liix (Diclitliailia) Lvcifjatu*, var. hrericrpx Emery, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 27 (1890) 488, 5. Tenasserim. CHECK LIST OF THE ANTS OF ASIA DORYLUS (TYPHLOPONE) LABIATUS Shuckard Dorylus (Typklopone) labiatus Shnckard, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist. 5 (1940) 319, $. India: Hindustan. (NOTE: Dovylus Itsvicens Fred. Smith; = Dori/lus hindttstanus Fred. Smith). Tribe ECtTONINI Fore! Genus AENICTUS Shuckard AEN1CTUS (AENICTUS) AITKENI Forel Aenictus (Aenictus) aitkeni Forel, Jour. Nat, Hist. Soc. 13 (1901) 475, v. India: Kanara; Wheeler (1919) Borneo, f. AENICTUS (AENICTUS) AITKENI var. DENTATA Forel Aenictus (Aenictus) aitkeni var. dentata Forel, Bull. Soc. Valid. Sci. Nat. 74 (1911) 5. : Su- Malacca (R. Martin); Forel (1013) Malacca, :- ; Crawler (1027) matra, 5s AENICTUS (AENICTUS) AKAT0S Forel 44 o. Aenictus (Aenictu-n) a-ratits Foi-el, Ann. Soc. Ent. Rei.u'. I'IO(HI) 74, Queensland, Malaya; Wheeler (W25) I'hiliiipine?: Luzon. ,. AENICTUS (/VENICTUS) ARATUS var. ASIATICA Fore! Aenictua (Aenictnx) ?/!/.<. var. <ixi<iticft Forel, llc'V. Snisse Zooi. 19 (1911) 458, $. CeySon (Green). AENICTUS (AENICTUS) AHATUS sut-sp. NESIOTUS Wheeler ct Chapman Aetdctus (Aenictus) aratus subsj). nc.siotntt Wheeler et Chapman, Proc. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 38 (1930) 208, 9. Philippines: Luzuriaga, Negros Oriental. AENICTUS (AENICTUS) ARATUS subsp. NESIOTUS var. FRATERCULUS Wheeler et Chapman Aenictus (Aenictus) aratus subsp, nesiotu-is var. fruteri-nliis Wheeler et Chapman, Proc. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 38 (3930) 209, ?. Philippines: Luzuria^a, Negros Oriental. AENICTUS (AKNICTUS) BENGALENSIS Mayr Aenictus (Aenictux) liengalenfiis Mayr, Verdi, zool.-bot. (es. Wien (1878) 476, . India: Calcutta; Forel (1!01); India: Kanara, S. AENICTUS (AENICTUS) BENGALENSIS var. CONTINUA Forel Aenictus (Aenictus) benfinlensfia var. fmtti>tii Forel, Jour, Bomb. Nat.
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