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Special Forces' Wear of Non-Standard Uniforms*
Special Forces’ Wear of Non-Standard Uniforms* W. Hays Parks** In February 2002, newspapers in the United States and United Kingdom published complaints by some nongovernmental organizations (“NGOs”) about US and other Coalition special operations forces operating in Afghanistan in “civilian clothing.”1 The reports sparked debate within the NGO community and among military judge advocates about the legality of such actions.2 At the US Special Operations Command (“USSOCOM”) annual Legal Conference, May 13–17, 2002, the judge advocate debate became intense. While some attendees raised questions of “illegality” and the right or obligation of special operations forces to refuse an “illegal order” to wear “civilian clothing,” others urged caution.3 The discussion was unclassified, and many in the room were not * Copyright © 2003 W. Hays Parks. ** Law of War Chair, Office of General Counsel, Department of Defense; Special Assistant for Law of War Matters to The Judge Advocate General of the Army, 1979–2003; Stockton Chair of International Law, Naval War College, 1984–1985; Colonel, US Marine Corps Reserve (Retired); Adjunct Professor of International Law, Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC. The views expressed herein are the personal views of the author and do not necessarily reflect an official position of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the United States government. The author is indebted to Professor Jack L. Goldsmith for his advice and assistance during the research and writing of this article. 1 See, for example, Michelle Kelly and Morten Rostrup, Identify Yourselves: Coalition Soldiers in Afghanistan Are Endangering Aid Workers, Guardian (London) 19 (Feb 1, 2002). -
On the Threshold of the Holocaust: Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms In
Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. of the Holocaust carried out by the local population. Who took part in these excesses, and what was their attitude towards the Germans? The Author Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms Were they guided or spontaneous? What Tomasz Szarota is Professor at the Insti- part did the Germans play in these events tute of History of the Polish Academy in Occupied Europe and how did they manipulate them for of Sciences and serves on the Advisory their own benefit? Delving into the source Board of the Museum of the Second Warsaw – Paris – The Hague – material for Warsaw, Paris, The Hague, World War in Gda´nsk. His special interest Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Kaunas, this comprises WWII, Nazi-occupied Poland, Amsterdam – Antwerp – Kaunas study is the first to take a comparative the resistance movement, and life in look at these questions. Looking closely Warsaw and other European cities under at events many would like to forget, the the German occupation. On the the Threshold of Holocaust ISBN 978-3-631-64048-7 GEP 11_264048_Szarota_AK_A5HC PLE edition new.indd 1 31.08.15 10:52 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. -
A Historical Assessment of Amphibious Operations from 1941 to the Present
CRM D0006297.A2/ Final July 2002 Charting the Pathway to OMFTS: A Historical Assessment of Amphibious Operations From 1941 to the Present Carter A. Malkasian 4825 Mark Center Drive • Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1850 Approved for distribution: July 2002 c.. Expedit'onaryyystems & Support Team Integrated Systems and Operations Division This document represents the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the Department of the Navy. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N0014-00-D-0700. For copies of this document call: CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Copyright 0 2002 The CNA Corporation Contents Summary . 1 Introduction . 5 Methodology . 6 The U.S. Marine Corps’ new concept for forcible entry . 9 What is the purpose of amphibious warfare? . 15 Amphibious warfare and the strategic level of war . 15 Amphibious warfare and the operational level of war . 17 Historical changes in amphibious warfare . 19 Amphibious warfare in World War II . 19 The strategic environment . 19 Operational doctrine development and refinement . 21 World War II assault and area denial tactics. 26 Amphibious warfare during the Cold War . 28 Changes to the strategic context . 29 New operational approaches to amphibious warfare . 33 Cold war assault and area denial tactics . 35 Amphibious warfare, 1983–2002 . 42 Changes in the strategic, operational, and tactical context of warfare. 42 Post-cold war amphibious tactics . 44 Conclusion . 46 Key factors in the success of OMFTS. 49 Operational pause . 49 The causes of operational pause . 49 i Overcoming enemy resistance and the supply buildup. -
CBC Times 540808.PDF
O~ s: "M ~ :r'ft "''''M ::<.... PRAIRIE REGI 0>::: r· :: "'-<> SCHEDULE 0> M August 8 . 14, 1 '"CO'" M Issued Each Week by the CanadIan Broadcasting CorporatIon '"M VOLUME VII-No. 32 ISSUED AT WINNIPEG. JULY 30. 1954 $1.00 PEj '" This Week: Cou,chiching Conference (Pages 2, -1. 6) * Duke of Edinburgh's Ca.nadian Tour (Page 3) * CBC JI"ednesday Nighl- Poetry I Like (Page 5) * Saturday Pla.yhouse (Page 8) * N ils grand tour of Canadian cities, Trans I Canadn's Sntu.rday evening program Canadian Symphonies will visit Calgary on August 14. OUT (..'OVCT photo was takcn on the oc..'casion of an earlier CBC broadcast Irom Calgary. It shows CLAYTON nANE conducting the orchestra and in the right foreground cac prod\l(..-cr NOnMA."'l LUCAS seated besidt: the operator in a telllporary "control room" in the pit. Details of the orchestra's broadcast this week will bf:. fmmd on Page 8. ** * Maureen Forrester "CIIILDREN are marvellous," says Maureen forrester, the young Montreal contmlto. She's !o.pcaking from a professional point of view, of chil· dren as a musical audience. "They are so spontaneous-quick to express their Calgrrry Symphony Orchestra likes and dislikes," she explains. "As an artist you really have to give your best. And it is so much The critics have been generous in their praise of church choirs. At 11 she began taking voice lessons, mure satisfying when you know that they are this Canadian artist since her 6rst public recital in having already been studying piano since the age pleased with )"Our performance." March, 1953. -
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu Introduction In December 2013, the Government of Japan released its first “National Security Strategy” and announced the “National Defense Program Guidelines for FY 2014 and beyond.” The new Guidelines set forth the buildup of “dynamic joint defense force,” calling for a sufficient amphibious operations capability by means of amphibious vehicles and tilt-rotor aircraft, for example, to cope with potential enemy attack against any of Japan’s remote islands. This paper analyzes amphibious warfare from a historical viewpoint to show its major framework and concept. It is no wonder that the scale and form of amphibious operations may differ significantly among states depending on their national strategy, status of military power in the national strategy, military objectives, and historical or geographical conditions. The reason is that the national strategy, which is prescribed according to the national history, geography, culture and more, determines the role of the nation’s military force and way of fighting. With all these facts taken into account, this paper attempts to propose a general framework for examining amphibious warfare, especially for amphibious operations, and to sort out ideas and terms used in such operations. 1. What are Amphibious Operations? (1) The issues surrounding their definition The first issue that one inevitably encounters in examining amphibious operations is the ambiguity surrounding their definition. Without a uniform understanding of the meaning of amphibious operations and of their associated concepts and terminologies, the actual execution of operations will likely be met with difficulties. Nevertheless, a uniform understanding or a “common language” for the associated concepts and terminologies has not been arrived at, not even in the United States, which has conducted many amphibious operations. -
British Army and Palestine Police Deserters and the Arab–Israeli War
This is a repository copy of British Army and Palestine Police Deserters and the Arab– Israeli War of 1948. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/135106/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Caden, C and Arielli, N (2021) British Army and Palestine Police Deserters and the Arab– Israeli War of 1948. War in History, 28 (1). pp. 200-222. ISSN 0968-3445 https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344518796688 This is an author produced version of a paper accepted for publication in War in History. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 British Army and Palestine Police Deserters and the Arab-Israeli War of 1948 British servicemen and policemen who had been stationed in Palestine towards the end of the British Mandate and deserted their units to serve with either Jewish or Arab forces have only received cursory academic attention.1 Yet, this is a relatively unique occurrence, in the sense that in no other British withdrawal from colonial territories did members from the security forces desert in notable numbers to remain in the territory to partake in hostilities. -
The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-39
THE POLICY OF NEGLECT: THE CANADIAN MILITIA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1919-39 ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ___________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY __________________________________________________________ by Britton Wade MacDonald January, 2009 iii © Copyright 2008 by Britton W. MacDonald iv ABSTRACT The Policy of Neglect: The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939 Britton W. MacDonald Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin The Canadian Militia, since its beginning, has been underfunded and under-supported by the government, no matter which political party was in power. This trend continued throughout the interwar years of 1919 to 1939. During these years, the Militia’s members had to improvise a great deal of the time in their efforts to attain military effectiveness. This included much of their training, which they often funded with their own pay. They created their own training apparatuses, such as mock tanks, so that their preparations had a hint of realism. Officers designed interesting and unique exercises to challenge their personnel. All these actions helped create esprit de corps in the Militia, particularly the half composed of citizen soldiers, the Non- Permanent Active Militia. The regulars, the Permanent Active Militia (or Permanent Force), also relied on their own efforts to improve themselves as soldiers. They found intellectual nourishment in an excellent service journal, the Canadian Defence Quarterly, and British schools. The Militia learned to endure in these years because of all the trials its members faced. The interwar years are important for their impact on how the Canadian Army (as it was known after 1940) would fight the Second World War. -
Sunset for the Royal Marines? the Royal Marines and UK Amphibious Capability
House of Commons Defence Committee Sunset for the Royal Marines? The Royal Marines and UK amphibious capability Third Report of Session 2017–19 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 30 January 2018 HC 622 Published on 4 February 2018 by authority of the House of Commons The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Dr Julian Lewis MP (Conservative, New Forest East) (Chair) Leo Docherty MP (Conservative, Aldershot) Martin Docherty-Hughes MP (Scottish National Party, West Dunbartonshire) Rt Hon Mark Francois MP (Conservative, Rayleigh and Wickford) Graham P Jones MP (Labour, Hyndburn) Johnny Mercer MP (Conservative, Plymouth, Moor View) Mrs Madeleine Moon MP (Labour, Bridgend) Gavin Robinson MP (Democratic Unionist Party, Belfast East) Ruth Smeeth MP (Labour, Stoke-on-Trent North) Rt Hon John Spellar MP (Labour, Warley) Phil Wilson MP (Labour, Sedgefield) Powers The committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at www.parliament.uk/defcom and in print by Order of the House. Evidence relating to this report is published on the inquiry page of the Committee’s website. Committee staff Mark Etherton (Clerk), Dr Adam Evans (Second Clerk), Martin Chong, David Nicholas, Eleanor Scarnell, and Ian Thomson (Committee Specialists), Sarah Williams (Senior Committee Assistant), and Carolyn Bowes and Arvind Gunnoo (Committee Assistants). -
Field-Marshal Albert Kesselring in Context
Field-Marshal Albert Kesselring in Context Andrew Sangster Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy University of East Anglia History School August 2014 Word Count: 99,919 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or abstract must include full attribution. Abstract This thesis explores the life and context of Kesselring the last living German Field Marshal. It examines his background, military experience during the Great War, his involvement in the Freikorps, in order to understand what moulded his attitudes. Kesselring's role in the clandestine re-organisation of the German war machine is studied; his role in the development of the Blitzkrieg; the growth of the Luftwaffe is looked at along with his command of Air Fleets from Poland to Barbarossa. His appointment to Southern Command is explored indicating his limited authority. His command in North Africa and Italy is examined to ascertain whether he deserved the accolade of being one of the finest defence generals of the war; the thesis suggests that the Allies found this an expedient description of him which in turn masked their own inadequacies. During the final months on the Western Front, the thesis asks why he fought so ruthlessly to the bitter end. His imprisonment and trial are examined from the legal and historical/political point of view, and the contentions which arose regarding his early release. -
P:\HANADMIN\TYPE\Archive\Hansard\August 24 Aft-43A.Wpd
August 24, 2006 Alberta Hansard 1681 Legislative Assembly of Alberta God keep our land glorious and free! O Canada, we stand on guard for thee. Title: Thursday, August 24, 2006 1:30 p.m. O Canada, we stand on guard for thee. Date: 06/08/24 [The Speaker in the chair] The Speaker: Please be seated. head: Prayers head: Introduction of Visitors The Speaker: Good afternoon and welcome back. I would ask all The Speaker: Hon. members, it’s an honour for me today to rise to hon. members to remain standing after prayers so that we may pay introduce to you guests who are seated in the Speaker’s gallery. tribute to our former colleagues who have passed away since we These guests are family members of our former colleagues, and I were last in this Assembly. would ask them to rise as I introduce them. The family of Mr. As we commence proceedings today in this Assembly, we ask for Randolph McKinnon, former MLA for the constituency of divine guidance so that our words and deeds may bring to all people Strathcona West, represented by Randolph’s brothers Bert McKin- of this great province hope, prosperity, and a vision for the future. non and his spouse, Janice, and Dick McKinnon and his spouse, Amen. Lorraine McKinnon. The family of Mr. Roy Farran, former MLA for the constituency of Calgary North Hill, is represented by his Mr. Roy Alexander Farran daughter Sally Gregg and son-in-law Tim Gregg. If they would rise January 2, 1921, to June 2, 2006 and receive the warm welcome of the Assembly. -
Book Review: 1 Recce–The Night Belongs to Us
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 46, Nr 2, 2018. doi: 10.5787/46-2-1239 Book Review 1 RECCE – THE NIGHT BELONGS TO US Alexander Strachan Abel Esterhuyse Stellenbosch University Cape Town: Tafelberg Publications 2018, 352 pages ISBN: 9780624081531 Combining the writing abilities of a seasoned literary author with the intricacies of a good military story is almost a guarantee for a good book. And this is precisely the case with 1 Recce – The night belongs to us. It is without doubt a well-written book and an outstanding read. The book fills a gap in the existing South African military historiography by documenting the story of the formation and building of 1 Reconnaissance Regiment of the former defence force to full operational capacity. Border War literature is experiencing an unprecedented boom at present. The reasons are diverse and complex. Publications about Special Forces – Recces as they are generally known in South Africa – are especially popular. The reasons for the popularity of Special Forces literature are quite obvious. In most cases, Special Forces literature contains all the basic elements of a good story: adventure, excitement, courage, unprecedented hardship, secrecy and heroes. And this is also the case with 1 Recce – The night belongs to us. The Border War, South Africa’s counterinsurgency campaign against SWAPO in Namibia and the country’s involvement in the Angolan civil war constitute the background against which Strachan’s story of the creation and growth of 1 Reconnaissance Commando as a military unit of the former South African Defence Force unfolds. -
57 David Cesarani, Major Farran's Hat; Murder, Scandal and Britain's War
Nick Burkitt Ex Historia 57 David Cesarani, Major Farran’s Hat; Murder, Scandal and Britain’s War Against Jewish Terrorism, 1945-1948 (London: Heineman, 2009), ISBN 9780434018444. This work is a timely and much needed analysis of Britain’s counter insurgency operations in the Palestine Mandate, which focuses on a particular episode in its history to illustrate the failure of British policy and methods in dealing with ‘terrorism’. As one of Britain’s leading academics on Anglo-Jewry, David Cesarani has in recent years widened his scope to examine associated or related areas, including biographies of Arthur Koestler (1998), Adolf Eichmann (2004) and perspectives on the liberation of Belsen (2006). In Major Farran’s Hat, he has produced an extremely well-researched account of the murder and subsequent cover-up by the British authorities, of Jewish teenager Alexander Rubowitz in May 1947. The hat, to which this rather Agatha Christie-sounding title refers, was one found at the scene of the crime in a Jerusalem suburb, belonging to the perpetrator, Major Roy Farran. Cesarani uses the example of the Rubowitz murder, and what might be called the ‘extra-judicial’ activities of a group of former special operations soldiers, to highlight why Britain failed to crush the Jewish insurgency after World War Two. Over five chapters, the author explores the reasons why Britain lost control of Palestine, the failings of the security forces and the wider consequences of those events both in Britain and in later ‘dirty wars’ such as in Malaya and Kenya. The overall impression painted by Cesarani is a failure of understanding on many different levels of how to defeat terrorism which, as a strategy for the security forces and a policy for the government, is as pertinent today as it was in the 1940s.