TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE AiftAl., 11111111111111111111111 "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" •18.51 ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME L 2002 PART III TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" 11111111111111i111111111 "1-10PE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME L 2002 PART III TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings, 2000 1 2001 135 2002 295 Orchids of Herefordshire, by P. Thomson 9 The Travertine Deposit at Shelsley Walsh, Hereford & Worcesterhire, by A. Pentecost, H. A. Viles, A. S. Goudie & D. H. Keen 25 A Neolithic Monument in Interpretative Transition: A re-evaluation of Arthur's Stone, Dorstone, Herefordshire (SO 3189/4312), by George Nash 37 Wye and Lugg Navigation, 1696, by E. D. Evans 51 Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club 2002 2005 The Castle Mills, Hereford, by J. C. Eisel - 58 All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any The true friend of the working classes': Class and Politics in Nineteenth Century means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior Hereford, by David M. Young - 68 permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or in part, should be addressed in the first instance, to the editor whose address is given in the LIST OF OFFICERS. Letters of Dr. Henry Graves Bull to Thomas Blashill 1864 to 1885, by John Ross - - - 82 The Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club is not responsible for any statement made, or opinion expressed, in these Transactions; the authors alone are responsible for their own papers and reports. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1055 and Bishop Tramerin of St. Davids, by Andrew Breeze 90 Charity Regd. No. 521000 A Welsh Etymology for Kennet 'Grey Cloth,' by Andrew Breeze - 92 Dispersed or nucleated? Settlement in the parish of Little Hereford North Website: woolhopeclub.org.uk of the River Teme 1086 - 1845, by Rosamund E. Skelton - 144 Archaeological work on land on the east side of Church Road, Eardisley, by Richard Stone - - 161 An Interpretation of a Tudor Manorial Survey of Acton Beauchamp, with reference to the history of the landscape, by C. W. M. Pratt 184 The Historical Development of the Court of Noke Estate, Pembridge, with an Archaeological Assessment of the Canal-like Water Features by Christopher Currie and Neil J. Rushton - 224 The Hereford Beam Engine, by John Eisel - 251 Page Page Herefordshire Maps and Mapmakers, by Brian S. Smith - - 304 - - Natural History Section, 2000, by Beryl Harding - 127 2001, by Beryl Harding - 291 The Roman vallum. An Evaluation at Leintwardine Garage, Mill Lane, 2002, by Beryl Harding - 421 Leintwardine, Herefordshire, by George Nash - 320 Weather Statistics, 2000, by E. H. Ward - 133 2001, by E.H.Ward - 293 A History of Mowley Wood at Staunton-on-Arrow, SO 350597, 2002, by E. H. Ward - 426 by Beryl Lewis 347 Rules of the Club 427 Wigmore Fairs 1669 - 1710, by Brian S. Smith - 356 List of Presidents - 429 List of Members - 431B REPORTS OF SECTIONAL RECORDERS Archaeology, 2000, by R. Shoesmith - 93 2001, by R.Shoesmith - 257 2002, by R. Shoesmith - 386 Botany, 2000, by P. Thomson, using Herefordshire Botanical Society Records - 117 2001, by P.Thomson, using Herefordshire Botanical Society Records - 257 2002, by P.Thomson, using Herefordshire Botanical Society Records - 404 Buildings, 2000, by J. W. Tonkin - - 119 2001, by J. W.Tonkin - - 271 2002, by J. W. Tonkin - - 407 Geology, 2001, by P.Thomson - 277 Industrial Archaeology, 2001, by J. van Laun - 278 Mammals, 2001, by Beryl Harding - 283 2002, by Beryl Harding - 413 Ornithology, 2000, by Beryl Harding - 122 2001, by Beryl Harding - 285 2002, by Beryl Harding - 415 City of Hereford Conservation Advisory Committee, 2000, by Jean O'Donnell - 125 2001, by Jean O'Donnell - 288 2002, by Jean O'Donnell - 419 vi vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Letters of Dr. Henry Graves Bull to Thomas Blashill 1864 to 1885 The Travertine Deposit at Sheisley Walsh Pl. VIII Dr. Henry Graves Bull, a founder of the Woolhope Club, Fig. 1 Simplified geological map showing the drainage pattern and President in 1866 the travertine-depositing first-order streams. S. Southstone Rock 26 IX Mr. Thomas Blashill, F.R.I.B.A., F.Z.S., President in 2 Survey of the Southstone Rock travertine deposit showing the 1882 and 1901 detachment of large blocks from the northeastern margin and the current stream position 28 X Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, F.R.S., President of the Geological Society 3a Probable development of the Southstone Rock deposit during the Postglacial 34 3b Diagrammatic section through the deposits I-VI 35 Archaeology, 2000 Table I Composition of the Southstone Rock travertine 29 P1. XI Watermill at Wellington Quarry 2 Springwater chemistry, Southstone Rock travertine 30 Fig. 1 Ridgeway, Cradley. Ditch section looking W. 108 3 List of Mollusca from the Southstone Rock travertine 31 2 Carving in S. wall of Upton Bishop Church. 116 A Re-evaluation of Arthur's Stone, Dorstone Settlement in the parish of Little Hereford N.of the R. Teme 1086 - 1845 Pl. XII Middleton, Little Hereford Pl. I Arthur's Stone, Dorstone from the North XIII Easton Court, Little Hereford II View of the unorthodox passage with door stone XIV Woodyatt, Bleathwood Common Fig. 1 The 19th-century sketch by Reverend J. Webb 38 Fig. 1 The parish of Little Hereford c.1832 144 2 Church and Mill 1775 145 Distribution of Neolothic Monuments in the Black Mountains 2 3 Little Hereford parish N. of the R. Teme 1775.Settlement and (after Nash 1997) 39 evidence for open-fields 148 3 Plan of the passage 42 4 Little Hereford parish N. of the R. Teme. Location of the 4 The possible original shape of the Arthur's Stone monument River Terrace Gravels 149 5 using the outline of the Gwernvale monument 43 Littleton Hill 1775 150 6 Middleton 1775 151 45 5 Berwick's woodcut of Arthur's Stone (1804) 7 Easton 1775 152 8 Bryhampton 1845 154 The Castle Mills, Hereford 9 Woodhampton 1845 155 10 Frith and Stonyhurst 1775 157 Pl. III Part of a copy of a map of the Hereford city defences, c. 1645 IV Late 19th-century redrawing of Hill's map of the Hereford Archaeological work on land on the E. side of Church Road, Eardisley city defences Pl. XV The excavated area, looking N. V An enlargement of part of Taylor's map of 1757, showing the XVI The Phase 2 hearth site of Castle Mill and the likely site of Dog Mill Fig. 1 Location of the site 162 2 Extent of archaeological investigations 164 VI Powle's view of Hereford from the S.E. The outfall of the ditch 3 Plan of the excavated area 164 and the mill-leat are just visible 4 166 VII Copy of Fisher's water-colour of the Infirmary from Castle Green 5 167 in the 1790s, Castle Mill and dam in the left foreground 6 17 1 viii ix Page Page Table 1 Dating and interpretation of features in northern area 179 Herefordshire Maps and Mapmakers Pl. XXIII Downton and Burrington by William Fowler of Staffordshire 2 Quantification of stratified ceramic and related finds 180 1662. Cartouche with surveying and drawing instruments. 3 Quantification of pottery by minimum number of rims 181 XXIV Downton Castle demesne in Downton estate atlas by 4 Occurrence of fabrics by period ( quantification by sherd count ) 181 James Sheriff of Birmingham, 1780 5 Occurrence of fabrics by period ( quantification by sherd weight ) 182 XXV Kingsland by William Whittell of Bodenham 1709. Scale bar A Tudor Manorial Survey of Acton Beauchamp XXVI Goodrich by Edward Laurence of Lincolnshire and and London 1717, with the cliffs at Symond's Yat Fig. 1 Physical features of Acton Beauchamp 185 XXVII Grendon Warren by Joseph Dougharty of Worcester 1732. 2 First leaf of the manorial survey of Acton Beauchamp taken in 1594 186 The Elizabethan house and dovecote have been demolished 3 Showing the locations of holdings with tenants in 1594 188, but the chapel survives as a barn 4 The sequence of fields in the survey of the manor 189 XXVIII Bridstow by John Green of Bridstow 1755, with a drawing 5 Holdings in 1594 190 of Wilton Castle 6 Open-fields, customary land and demesne waste 1594 191 XXIX Monnington-on-Wye by John Bach of Hereford 1771, 7 Showing rents, value, land distribution and buildings 193 showing Monnington Walk, Court and church 8 Showing dwellings 194 XXX Bredwardine in the Moccas estate atlas by John Lambe Davis 9 Showing the areas of land cultivated 197 of Woburn, Beds. 1772. Marks the bridge (1769) and castle site 10 Showing the pattern of land use 198 XXXI Cusop in the Moccas estate atlas by John Lambe Davis 1772. 11 Showing the distribution of land in the open-fields 208 Marks the castle site 12 Suggested land use in 972 213 XXXII Clehonger by John Harris of Wickton, Stoke Prior 1784 13 Suggested land use in 1086 214 14 Suggested land use in 1315 showing holdings named in I. P. M. 217 The Roman Valium. Evaluation at Mill Lane, Leintwardine 15 Showing farmed land and the number of tenants 218 Pl. XXXIII View of the site looking N. 16 Showing the extent of holdings in 1839 221 XXXIV Slot in Trench 2, bisecting the clay and timber vallum XXXV Evidence of modern disturbance in Trench 4 XXXVI View of Trench 5 and post-hole, looking W. The Historical Development of the Court of Noke Estate Fig. 1 Site and Trench Location 321 Fig.