newsletter published by
The Ontario Archaeological Society1:'lC. 126 Willowdale Avenue, Willowdale, Ontario, M2N 4Y2 ONT ARlO ARCHAEOLOGY (OA) - our scientific, refereed journal - various issues from 1968 to 1989 ..... @ $10 each + $1 handling & book-rate mail ARCH NOTES (AN) - our provincial newsletter - various issues from 1978, plus a few complete twelve-year sets from 1978 .... each $3, sets $100, + $1. MONOGRAPHS IN ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY (MOA) - #'s 1 (1983) and 2 (1986) .... @ $10 each + $1.
Special Publications: POSTER - Ontario's Archaeological Past - 4-colours, 22 x 30". $12 + $2 mail. SP5 - Zooarchaeological Reports for Ontario Archaeological Sites on File in the Faunal Archaeo-Osteology Laboratory, University of Toronto, to April, 1987. by C. Junker-Andersen @ $5 + $1 mail. SP6 - The Annual Archaeological Reports of Ontario 1887-1928, A Research Guide. Compiled by C. Garrad @ $8 + $1 mail. SP7 - The O.A.S. Index to Publications 1950-1988 Compiled by C. Garrad @ $8 + $1 mail. SP8 - Archaeological Directory of Ontario 1989. Constantly updated, printed to order. Compiled by C. Garrad @ $10 + $1 mail. Labels - O.A.S. Membership List on mailing labels, in surname or postal code order @ $40 per set + $1 mail.
Orders, Enquiries ... (416) 730-0797 native sectors as well as the APA, AHC, SOS and the OAS. This questionnaire Well, there is absolutely no news from attempts to take the pulse of our the Ministry of Consumer and community during this time of Commercial Relations. Their promise of movement toward change both from a first draft of the Regulations to the within and without. The results of new Cemeteries Act by the beginning this document will provide our of Februal'y seems to have been overly community with a sense of what is optimistic. The OAS successfully important to us collectively in terms of deputed before the Environmental the way we are regulated and will help Assessment Committee over the Pearson us to frame responses, for example, for Ail'port expansion. We await their policy writing toward the putative new repol'l to comment upon. The OAS has improved Heritage Act writing process. been invited by MNR to appoint a In addition, you will note that there is delegate to sit on the planning team a demographic gathering section in which will develop a strategy for the this questionnaire. The results of this new Rouge Valley provincial park. section ",'ill be very helpful in shaping Long-time area resident, member, a true picture of the archaeological naturalist and former Treasurer of the community in Ontario. Right now, for OAS, Geoff Sutherland, has Idndly example, the OAS has the largest single agreed to be our representative for membership of all archaeological the yeal'-Iong process. I had a very ol'ganizations in the province yet we nice lunch meeting with Robert have a very difficult time knowing how Bothwell, Chairman of the OHF to target programming because we Archaeology Committee, the othel' day really don't know the demography of to tl'y and impl'ove communications on our own membership. These statistics matters such as the OHF sponsored simply have never been gathered MOA series and future cooperation on before at the OAS level or indeed at planning wOl'kshops and meetings any level within our community. So, if around CUtTent issues in archaeology. you can spare a few minutes, please I attended the MCC Awards ceremony a fill out the questionnaire and send it. few da;y's ago in Toronto where Dena There is nothing sinister about it. We Doroszenko and Bernice Field (Toronto simply think that this is the best ,,,ay Chnpter) l'eceived 5-year pins, as did to at least begin the process of real I, and our indefatigable editor, Mike dialogue among ourselves on really Eil'by, received his 15-year pin for important issues which will affect us sen/ice to the OAS. Congratulatiolls to all. all othel' OAS membel's across the province who also were honoul'ed in News Flash,,' By the time you read this way. this, an archaeological milestone will have occurred. On May 9, in By no,,' you may have received the Whitehorse at the CAA Conference, the "Questionnaire on the Regulation of Hon. Marcel Masse will announce the Ar'chaeological Activity in Ontario" long-awaited Federal Archaeological pl'epal'ed by an ad hoc committee of Policy. Closer to home on the same concerned members of the day the Hon. Christine Hart, Minister archaeological community representing of Culture and Communications, will be avocational, academic, museums and announcing some equally long-awaited news. She plans to release a document LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR ANNOUNCES called "A Strategy for Conserving NEW BOARD MEMBERS FOR THE ONTARIO Ontario's Hel'itage: the report of t.he HERITAGE FOUNDATION Ontado Heritage Policy Review". This 80 page paper will be the blueprint for The Honourable Lincoln Alexander, government and the heritage Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, and community as we approach the end of The Honourable Christine E. Hart, the millennium. A short synopsis or Minister of Culture and executive summary is also to be Communications, recently announced released for those who do not want to the appointment of Board members to read the full report. In addition, The Ontario Heritage Foundation. Minister Hart is also expected to release a further document about Newly-appointed members to the proposed legislative revisions, in other Foundation's Board for a one-year words, a new, or at least improved, period, effective from March 5, 1990 to Heritage Act. The schedule for these March 4, 1991 are: legislative revisions and the process to be followed is not known yet. We will, M. Georges Belander, Sudbury of course, keep you posted and if Dr. Gary W. Crawford, Mississauga there are any further developments Dean M. Jacobs, Walpole Island before we go to press we will include Dr. J. Eldon Molto, Thunder Bay them. As you may have guessed, I am Dr. !'1arie E. Sanderson, Waterloo writing this column extra early as I will not be around the first two weeks The following are current members who of May. I'm taking a well-deserved have been reappointed for a three- break birding and looking at pyramids year period, effective from March 5, in Central America. On May 9 I'll hoist 1990, to March 4, 1993: a beer in honour of that historic day for archaeology in this province~ Professor Robert S. Bothwell, Toronto Joan F. Johnston, Martintown Not'bert J. Schuller, London Christopher D. Tossell, Sault Ste. Marie Colin D. Watson, Toronto
John H. Moore,London, was also reappointed for a one-year period.
In making their announcement, the Lieutenant Governor and the Minister expressed their deep appreciation fO!' the following Board members who retired as of March 4, 1990:
Cedric P. Haynes, Cobourg Theodore Teshima, Toronto Dr. Peter L.Storck, Toronto Dr. Morgan Tamplin, Peterborough Ian W. Kimmerly, Ottawa
The OtA.S. Endowmlnt Pund fUarantHl Tour tmmortaUt71 Inv •• t ncnt in Archaeolo.,'. tuture ..• phone (416) 7300797 In his recent article "The Huron Mat of side has cut away the slate rock, so War" (Arch Notes Nov/Dec, 1989). John that it presents a mural front upwards Steckley presents linguistic and of one hundred feet in height, and ethnohistorical c\"idence regarding the entirely inaccessible. Upon the impol'lance of r1i\"ens in ideology opposite side is a ravine, within which Associated \,ith historic pel"iod Huron flows a small stream. Here the slope, warfare. Linguistic "vidence for Huron though not precipitous, is very abrupt; use of I'ush mats to hold "charms" and if a line of palisades were carried associated with the feast of war is along its brow, it "'ould be entirely combined with documentary evidence inaccessible to the savage assailant.. on the importance of ravens and raven symbols in Huron ideology associated A number of long houses were identified with warfare. Through t.his, Steckley archaeologically at this site. A suggest.s that Hur'on mats of war may complete long house and a portion of a have held pArts of ravens that were second adjacent long house were used in the acquisition of spiritual excavated as part of the University at pm,et' during \var feasting or raids. Albany (State University of New Yorlil Thinking ill terms of archaeology, Mohawk Valley Project between 1984 Steckley further suggests that we and 1987 (report in preparation). should look fOI' parts of I'avens Ceramic analysis and an absolute date associated with certain archaeological places the site sometime around 1500 contests such as houses that may have AD, just prior to the protohistoric been inhabited by war chiefs. At period (Kuhn and Bamann 1987). present, there are no identified raven faunal t'emains for ~1ohawk Iroquois The three bird effigies from ceramic sites in the ~lohawl{ Valley of New York smoking pipes were recovered from State. Hmvever, recent excavations at within or near the t,,'o adjacent one prehistoric Mohawk site have excavated longhouses. The first (cat produced three bird effigies from #: TU9/U consists of a head with a ceramic smoldng pipes that may long beak; the head is broken off at possibly represent ravens. I would the point of attachment to the pipe. lil,e to discuss such effigies as a line This effigy could clearly be that of a of material evidence for warfare- raven. The second (cat If: 1.4151) is I'elated activities among related an aquiline beak broken off where it NOl'thern 1roquoian peoples including would attach to the head. The third the Huron and Ne\V Yorl, 1l'oquois. (cat #: 1.947) is another complete head with pronounced eyes and a long beak The specific bird effigies mentioned broken at the tip. While the third above are from the Ot.stungo site, a might possibly be an owl, it lacks highly defensible, palisaded site of less other owl characteristics and just as than one hectare located in the upland easily may represent another bird such cou ntry of the Hohawl, river drainage. as a raven. None of these effigies The site has been known of since the were associated with any specific da~'s of Squier' and Davis. Squier feal-ul'e, although numel'OUS hearths (1849:58) describes the site as: and pits were excavated in the houses. However, the excavated area of the site ... a high point of land projecting into has never been plowed, and the spatial a bend of the creek, which upon one distribution of artifacts within the houses appears to have been minimally It therefore seems that it would be disturbed. useful to examine patterns based on the occurrence of possible raven effigy The discovery of these possible raven pipes on Iroquoian sites. At present, effigies on an obviousl;\'- fortified and I am only familiar with a portion of the defensible site suggests an additional existing pipe assemblage attributed to form of material evidence for the Mohawk for which few other Steckley's thesis. The association examples of bird effigies are known between raven symbolism and warfare (see Lenig 1965). However, a could be taken one step further. In preliminary search through Mohawk general, the occurrence, distribution site reports indicates that additional and frequency of raven effigy pipes evidence may be found. For example, on Mohawk Iroquois sites may a crow effigy is reported at the indirectly reflect changing patterns of Elwood site (Gutierrez 1985:60). The warfare (including raiding and effigy consists of a broken beak that feuding). is highly similar to the specimens suggested to represent ravens at the The manufacture and significance of Otstungo site. The Elwood site is a ceramic smoking pipes among Northern Mohawk village site lying within four Iroquoian groups has been a topic of kilometers of the Otstungo site and considerable attention (Kuhn 1985, dates to the same general time period Noble 1979, Mathews 1976, Wray 1956). (Snow 1985). This association is Many agree that men were for the most suggestive. Given Steckley's thesis part the makers and users of pipes relating ravens to warfare related (Kuhn 1985:69-77),(Woolfrey et al. activities, patterns of occurrence of 1976:7). Men also dealt with warfare raven effigy pipes on prehistoric and as a primary activity and concern historic Iroquoian sites may be useful (Fenton 1978:315). The significance of in understanding underlying patterns effigy pipes has been linked to various of Iroquoian warfare. aspects of Iroquois ideology (Kuhn 1985:98-101). In general, animals and birds depicted on the pipes qualify as representations of supernatural themes Fenton, W.N. and pipes were probably sacred 1978 Northern Iroquoian Culture (Mathews 1980:303-304). The Patterns. In Handbook of North association of pipes with men, and the American Indians, Northeast, Vol. 15, general ideological significance of pipes edited by B.G. Trigger, pp. 296-321. suggests the possibility of a strong Smithsonian Institution, Washington. link between pipes and ideology surrounding warfare.
Possible raven effigy from smoking pipe found at the Otstungo Site in the Mohawk Valley (cat.# TU 9/1). Drawn by Todd Preston. Gutiert'ez, H.l'1. 1985 A Brief Description of Smoking Pipes from the Elwood Site. In The Steckley, J. Mohawk Valley Project 1982 Field 1989 The Huron :vIat of \''''-ar. Season Report, edited by D.R. Snow, Notes 89(6):5-11. pp. 59-61. The Institute for Northeast Anthropology, State Univel'sity of New Woolfrey, S., P. L'hitwood, and N.E. York at Albany. Wagner 1976 Who Made the Pipes? A Study of Kuhn, R.D. Decorative Motifs on Middleport Pipe 1985 Trade and Exchange Among the and Pottery Collections. Ontario Mohawk Iroquois: A Trace Element Archaeology 27:3-11. Analysis of Ceramic Smoking Pipes. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, State Wray, C.F. University of Ne,,, Yock at Albany. 1956 Seneca Tobacco Pipes. :-ie,.- York State Archaeological Association Bulletin Kuhn, R.D. and S.E. Bamann 6:15-16. 1987 A Preliminary Report on the Attribute Analysis of Mohawk Ceramics. The Bulletin and Journal of Archaeology for New York State 94:40- 46. DONATED TO THE O.A.S. LIBRARY Lenig, D. by Rita Michaels and Christine Kirby 1965 The Oal, Hill Horizon and Its Relation to the Development of Five ALL THAT GLITTERS: Readings in Nations Iroquois Culture. Researches Historical Metallurgy and Transactions of the New York Slate At'chaeological Association XV(l). More than half of the 43 articles in Lhis fascinating collection are Mathe",s, Z.P. concerned with the history of 1976 Huron Pipes and Iroquoian metallurgy in Canada, one of the Shamanism. Man in the Northeast world's leadi ng metal-produ cing 12:15-31. nations. Bf>ginning with the use of metals by native peoples and "gold" MaLhe",s, Z.P. exploitation by the Frobisher 1980 Of Man and Beast: The expeditions, the articles describe the Chronology of Effigy Pipes Among histories of numerous mining and Ontario Iroquoians. Ethnohistory metallurgical opel'ations which are or 27(4):295-307. were producers of iron, gold, coppel', ~oble, W.C. 1l."12d,zin(" aluminum and nickel. 1979 Ontario Iroquois Effigy Pipes. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 3:69- This is a timely volume, coming as it 90. does during a period in which much f->mphasis is being placed on a better Snm,', D.R. appreciation of all aspects of our 1985 The Mohawk Valley Project: 1982 heritFlge. It has appeal for the general Field Season Report. The Institute for ptl blic as we II as for those with a Northeast Anthropology, State particular interest in the history of Uni,'el'sity of New York at Albany. technolog;,. It is published by the ~1etallut'gical Society of the Canadian Squier, E.G. Institute of ~1ining and Metallurgy and 18,Hl Aboriginal Monuments of New York edited by ]''l.L. Wayman, Professor of State. Smithsonian Contributions to Metalltu'gy at the University of Knowledge, The Smithsoniai\ Institution, Alberta. Province of Ontario. #90-076 Woodley, Philip, Dundas, The Archaeology Committee has Province of Ontario. received 61 abstracts covering 1987, 1988 and 1989; 20 Consultants, 16 Survey & Test Excavations or Conservation, 3 Field Schools, 2 Excavations Underwater Surveys and 20 Excavation #90'::-~- Ellis, Dr. Christopher, projects. We still need abstracts from University of Waterloo, for the Murphy academic and marine archaeologists to Site. balance the first issue. Field School The abstracts are being edited in 4 #90-070 Latta, Martha, Toronto, batches; batches #1, #2 and #3 have Ontario for the Auger Site lBdGw-31. been edited and returned to the #90-072 - Smardz, Karolyn and Peter senders. All of batch #1 has been Hamalainen, Archaeological Resource returned with the exception of 2 Centre, Toronto Board of Education, for licensees. This batch has been sent the "Gore Vale" Site. on to the copy-editor. During the late spring and summer, the copy-editing Conservation will be completed and work on the #90-074 - Broadbent, Heather, Palgrave, design and preparation including Ontario, for the Corporation of the illustration will be completed. Our Town of Caledon. publishing date is for September, 1990 Glidden, Allyne, Thunder Bay, Ontario, in order that it can be distributed at for Northern Ontario. the Annual OAS Conference. #90-078 Ruddock, James, London, Ontario, for Peterborough County. THEREFORE, PLEASE BE SURE TO #90-077 - Warrack, Mark, Mississauga, RETURN YOUR RE-EDITED ABSTRACTS Ontario for the City of Mississauga. AS SOO~S POSSIBLE SO WE CAN STAY ON SCHEDULE. PUBLICATION Underwater DATE RESTS WITH YOU. NEW #90-082 McLeod, Ken, Osgoode, ABSTRACTS WILL BE ACCEPTED---rF Ontario for the Rideau River area. SENT WITHIN TWO WEEKS OF THE #90-085 Rule, Dr. Margaret, PUBLICATION DATE OF THIS ISSUE OF Portsmouth, England. Underwater ARC.!_:_!NOTES. survey of the !iamilton-Scourge, Lake Ontario. LICENCES Revision The following is a list of licences to #9(l-mH~ - Northeastern Archaeological conduct archaeological exploration, Associates: Heather McKillop and surveyor field work, which have been Lawrence Jackson, Port Hope, Ontario. granted by the Minister during the Consulting licence for Province of period March 1, 1990 to May 4, 1990: Ontario. #90-031 Scarlett Janusas and Consulting Associates Inc., Weston, Ontario. #90-079 - Rajnovich, Grace, Sault Ste. Consulting licence for Province of Marie, Province of Ontario Ontario - land and underwater. #90-071 - Rusuk, Jacqueline, Kenora, The Board of Directors of the Ontario No. 3 - Hidden Amongst the Hills: Heritage Foundation next grant Middle and Late Iroguoian Occupation deadline will be October 31, 1990 for of the Middle Trent ~. Richard E. research, northern initiatives, and aid- Sutton. Indiv. $15, Instit. $20. to-publication projects. The Committee's questionnaire has resulted No. 4 - The Thistle Hill Site and Late in an excellent response and we have Archaic Adaptations. Philip J. Woodley. received 22 applications. Review of Indiv. $12, Instit. $16. grant applications will take place late May. Competition will be stiff. Make cheque or money order payable to COPETOWN PRESS. The new grant deadlines are nearing completion and should be ready before the end of the summer. Editor, Occasional Papers in Northeastern Archaeology, Dept. of Anthropology, CORRECTION NOTICE McMaster University, Please note the telephone number of Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9 the Archaeology Committee of the Ontario Heritage Foundation is 963-1131 and not 923-1131 as given on page 8 of AN90-2. NESTOR FALLS DIG TO CONTINUE VISITORS AND VOLUNTEERS WELCOME
The public archaeology project at Nestor Falls in northwestern Ontario OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON will continue this year, with funding ~ORTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY provided by the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and the Ontario A new monograph series from Cope town Heritage Foundation. Last year's Press of Dundas, Ont. excavations uncovered Archaic, Laurel, Blackduck, Selkirk, Sandy Lake and -intended to encourage the distribution Fur Trade Components. The site is at reasonable" cost of basic data open to visitors from May 19th to reports, as well as more interpretive September 3rd from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. syn theses, relating to historic and Wednesday through Sunday, with tours prehistoric archaeology, osteology and and on-site displays. Volunteers are related topics in eastern Canada and welcome, and must book in advance. the northeastern U.S. Experienced volunteers will be accepted from May 19th to June 17th, those without experience from June No. 1 - The Kirche Site: a 16th 20th to September 2nd. Volunteer Century Huron Village on the upper information kits are available from the Trent Valley. Carol Nasmith Ramsden Regional Archaeologist, 2nd Floor, 227 Indiv. $15, Instit. $20. • 2nd St. S., Kenora, ON P9N 1Gl. Nestor Falls is located on Highway 71, No. 2 - The Coulter Site and Late 85 minutes drive south of Kenora. Iroguoian Coalescence In the Upper There are also numerous roc·k Trent Valle...z. Eric R. Damkjar. Indiv. paintings in the near vicinity. $15, Instit. $20. LET'S MAKE A DEAL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF TRADE IN OKTARIO
The list of confirmed speakers is growing - Convenor Dr. Heather !'1cKillop "ill have more about this in an upcoming Arch Notes, and the Sunday of the Symposium weekend will be devoted to a full-day session hosted by the O.A.S. on "Future Directions" - see separate notice for full details of this important event.
On the Friday evening, there will be a reC\~ption in the Thomas Lounge of Oakham House for all members of the SocietJ· who are able to get there - even the participants in the President's meeting may take a few minutes out for a visit.
On the Saturday, until 4 p.m., we will have the papers on Trade. This will be followed by the Annual Business MeetiM of the Society. If you have any matters to bring before this meeting, please inform the Administl'ator or one of the Officers or Directors in good time (watch Arch Notes for this too).
In the evening, we will have our Dinner and Dance, at which there will be several awards to members.
Altogether this is building up into a weekend of acth'ities most appropriate for celebrating our
Accommodation: The Ibis Hotel on Church Street, a very short walk from Oal,ham House, is reserving a block of 20 rooms for our members. These will be held until two \>'eeks prior to the event (or are all booked'), Parking for guests is availlolble. Prices \>'j]] be announced in the next Arch Notes, along with a pre-registration form. r~- -- I! :1 :i Ii "Future Directions"
On the Sunday of our Symposium weekend (October 28, 1990) the Executive Committee of The Ontario Archaeological Society will be hosting a full- day session entitled "Future Directions". What are your thoughts, recommendations and concerns for the future of archaeology in Ontario? (e.g. the role of the Ministry, the O.H.F., the archaeological warden system, funding, licensing, accreditation, ethics ..J We want to know! Written submissions are being solicited from the membership to assist in setting up an itinerary for this session. Please contact the O.A.S. office - 730 0797 The Ainu have been largely assimilated knew the territory of Hokkaido better by modern Japanese culture. What than the Japanese, the Japanese had a role did they play in the islands' early difficult time subduing what one history? textbook calls the "mild barbarians." "It was more a case of: 'we've met the Japan was not always so full of rice enemy and he is us,'" says Crawford. paddies. Nor was it as ethnically homogeneous as it appears today. Today, although the Japanese have History texts often recount the largely absorbed the Ainu, a few Ainu northward advances of the pioneering on Hokkaido strive to maintain a Japanese from the seventh century traditional lifestyle and are eager to A.D. on, pushing a retreating learn more about their origins. Last "primitive" ethnic minority, the Ainu, summer, Crawford and his Japanese to a last refuge on Hokkaido, the colleague, the distinguished Professor northernmost island. There the Masakazu Yoshizaki, started excavating Japanese forced them into labor and a new Ainu site on the Hokkaido introduced them to agriculture. Who University campus to determine the were the Ainu? Where did they come extent of agriculture and the nature of from? And what really were their their relationship with the Japanese. interactions with the Japanese? Field Conditions: Working at a The Ainu, texts say, were a short, thoroughly comfortable site alongside dark, notably hairy people with heavy Japanese counterparts, volunteers will beards and skin tattoos, dressed in spend three fourths of their time barl, cloth or skin robes, who collecting soil from pits, hearths, worshipped the spirit of the bear. For ovens, and floors, and one fourth years anthropologists considered the processing samples by flotation in the Ainu a simple salmon-fishing and deer- lab. Team members will stay in a hunting culture. But, contrary to Japanese Inn (or ryokan). The lively typical patterns of settlement, the Ainu city of Sapporo lies at about the same also apparently maintained villages latitude as Toronto and enjoys summer without farming. What sustained them? temperatures in the 70s. Before the Their curiosity piqued, archaeologists tourist season, June and July are the from Hokkaido University excavated an best times to visit Japan and to learn ancestral Ainu settlement in 1982. more about uncrowded Hokkaido, an They found that the Ainu in fact grew island that many .Japanese consider barley, w'heat, and millet as early as exotic because it is among the last the ninth century. Other finds settled by the Japanese. Related suggested that Ainu housing, tools, interests: gardening, botany, cultural and weapons were surprisingly similar change, aboriginal rights. to the Japanese versions. One of the archaeologists, Gary Crawford, believes Interested members may call 617-926- that the Ainu, rather than simply 8200 and ask for Julia Haverland or being vanquished and assimilated by Bill Doonan. the Japanese, alternately fought and traded with them for centuries. Since the Ainu were a match in warfare and Arch NO~ 9.0.-.3 .M..B.Y./.J.u.n_l.9.9.0 cf
evanescent suffering due to "the slings and arrows of outrageous Although was not provided the fortune", I fear that have been opportunity at the time, I cannot but singled out to endure the symbolic if now hasten to comment on the quiddity not the 'literal punishments of of Dr. Bothwell's "Letter to the Editor" vapulation and auto-da-fe' for publicly in the previous issue of Arch Notes. voicing concerns that are ,.-idely held This bombastic epistle demonstrates within the Ontario archaeological what a consummate fabulist can do community. Constructive and pedantic with a few worn-out cliches, a little criticism of my beliefs I willingly afflatus, and plenty of gelogenic accept with the ataraxia of gnosis and facetiae. Despite his protest to the within the bounds of reasoned thought contrary, he most assuredly was but self-serving tirades, diatribes, and provided with documented forewarning denunciation from a self-named and ample opportunity to supply a "political hack" I do not. rebuttal to my original letter for publication in the same issue. I, for As with similar nugatory protestations one, would like to congratulate Dr. and mussitations received from other Bothwell on his most amusing provincial civil servants, my personal parisology and also to take this opinion of Dr. Bothwell's public and opportunity to respond in kind with private macrology concerning legitimate equally complementary charientism. heuristic recourses to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy l,.hat is truly "outrageous" about this Act for details of the MCC and OHF entire affair are Dr. Bothwell's Archaeology Committee's illusive agenda remarkably insensitive behavior and and fluctuating priorities is succinctly the objectionable remarks he made yet so eloquently stated in the age-old both in open forum and in a public children's verse "Sticks and stones hallway at the OAS Symposium held may break my bones but names will last October. These consisted of pure never hurt me". If one is to "call a bunlwm and schlock that are spade a spade", as in his reciprocal unquestionably not acceptable from a use of the vernacular "Ie mot juste", person of senior appointed position one can rejoin with impunity the and experience. Upon investigation of monikers ultracrepidarian vir and a complaint lodged against Dr. Bothwell multiloquous mountebank. regard ing his com ments, the Information and Privacy Commissioner's Utilizing the Freedom of Information Office ruled that an unauthorized and Protection of Privacy Act has disclosure of private information was greatly facilitated the development of committed and that the Ministry of an informed critique of the provincial Culture and Communications (as the heritage process - how it works and offending institution) should take more doesn't work under the current caution in matters involving disclosul'e bureaucracy. One does not have to of personal information. have a Ph.D. to know that some things can always be improved in the While I personally grieve not from Dr. management as well as in the delivery Bothwell's ersatz obloquy and of Ontario archaeology if the need is flamboyant quips nOl' for his identified and demanded strongly enough by concerned citizens. There
.." ' ".. . is no bettel' time to act individually or collectively to help shape government AR¢H~b-:rl=::s> ..'.' policy and programs. If one cares about the futul'e status of archaeology .iB:.~:::::r;h!~~'.. in this province, it is imperative to .Ontari~Govel'il~eiit .»/< become informed by asking questions of the Ontario Heritage Foundation and the Ministry of Culture and .cu\~~~~'a~J~~:~h~~~r~~•••••••·••·•··•····· Communications. The archaeological community as a whole must take advantage of appropriate opportunities such as with the recently announced proposed changes in the Ontario Heritage Act to state their reasoned opinions and alternate strategies for conserving archaeological resources to Field/Lab archaeologist required for the appropriate ministerial authorities Ontario consulting and research. -BEFORE ITS TOO LATE. Supervisory ability and experience essential. Challenging opportunity for responsible self-starter with academic credentials and professional ambition.
Send letter of interest resume/C.V. and references to:
Rita Michael Michael Archaeological Services 907-981 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1A8 (416) 524-1384
Applications for summer employment as members of archaeological survey and excavation field crews are presently being solicited. All interested persons al'e invited to apply in writing to the address below.
Applications should include a covering letter and current resume outlining interests and work experience in
. .. archaeology or related fields (ie. · ·.A:RPH ..~9TE~·· •.· . COUl'ses in archaeology, tree planting, .The.viewtl>expl'~tled .in thie<.· histol'ical interpretation), together with pUblicationd~ nOt: ti~~BsariIy ..' an indication of salary expectations, .'repreaerttihe viewa C;f the .· gener'll health and ability to travel ...... Eiiftor
First and foremost, OUI' heritage is a Heritage is also a basic resource for source of l:ontinuity. It provides the the tourism industry, as attractions sense of roots which is at the heart of like the Royal Ontario Museum or our identity as a people. With the SainLe-"1arie among the Hurons have coming of free trade with the United proven. All regions of the province States, a more close-knit world have heritage appeal that could be economy and powerful mass sensitively developed to IUI'e tourists communications media, our collective and create jobs. memory of who we are has never been more important. In short, the Heritage Policy Revie,,, has concluded that heritage Our heritage also gives us a networl, conservation fl'lr from resisting of familiar touchstones that helps us change - is a way of managing change cope with changing times. ""hether an to build a sustainable futul'e. But how historic streetscape or prehistoric tools is this potential of heritage to be or a coloUl'ful folk dance, heritage realized? '''hat must we do to develop reinforc:es a sense of place and a our heritage as a resource for living? feeling of belonging which with safety and security are essential for distilled into five heritage goals for Local government is closest to the Ontario. The government is committed people and therefore in the best to achieving these goals in partnership position to mobilize participation. We with the stakeholder organizations you must remove the barriers that hinder represent. Let me quickly outline municipalities from playing this role. these critical directions. Most communities need more power to make conservation decisions effectively. Our first goal is to foster awareness They need to integrate heritage that our heritage is vital to our considerations into all aspects of success as a people. Conservation community planning. And they need to begins with awareness - which in turn build on the success of LACACs to depends on our ability to interpret our obtain assistance and advice on a heritage and convey its relevance wider range of heritage resources. In today. addition, community heritage facilities - museums, galleries and archives Until now, we have tended to require greater support to realize concentrate on preserving heritage their potential. features, with less emphasis on interpreting, promoting and using our Goal number four is to stimulate legacy. An old mill may be saved, for private sector involvement in example, but without an effort to conserving and developing Ontario's communicate its role in a town's heritage. By the private sector we evolution, the building may remain mean both individual property owners unappreciated. and corporate interests.
We need better interpretation and Various incentives, such as tax breaks, education pt'ograms to help people zoning regulations and partnerships understand the significance of their with government, could be deployed to heritage. We also need more encourage a stronger private sector promotional activities, from role. We could also include heritage provincewide campaigns to local conservation in development strategies exhibits. All this will stimulate greater for the tourism and construction public commitment and participation in industries. Through an informed conservation efforts. approach, we can generate more investment in conservation, involve Our second goal is to strengthen more people, and stimulate local provincial government leadership. A economies across the province. top priority is to co-ordinate the 26 pieces of legislation and more than 100 Our final goal is to guarantee access pl'ograms in 15 ministries that touch to the best heritage information and on heritage issues. research.
My ministry will take the lead in this It is important to strengthen our base process. We will work with other of heritage knowledge and expertise by ministries touL'ism, transportation, encouraging colleges and universities municipal affairs, citizenship and so to develop relevant courses and forth - to ensure an effective response programs. We must foster innovation across government to the challenge of by promoting research and preserving and developing our development in heritage disciplines. heritage. And we need to improve the information flow within the heritage Our third goal is to empower Ontario's sector. This will enable communities to communities to undertake high quality locate specialized experts as required, hel'itage conservation. and give heritage professionals access to up-to-date technical information. Taken together, the goals highlighted address the goals set by the by the Heritage Review Policy review,and we will convene an annual represent not an end but a beginning Heritage Policy Forum to monitor - not a quick fix but a 10-year agenda progress and set future directions for building a whole new approach to each year. These steps will ensure heritage conservation in Ontario. Our that our heritage conservation strategy task now is implementation to is a living document that evolves as translate our aims into workable needs change and new priorities targets and take action to achieve emerge. them. All of us who have participated in the As I indicated, our first action step Heritage Policy Review, I believe, have will be to proceed with new heritage every right to celebrate today. What legislation. The new statute will may have seemed like an impossible promote our shared vision of heritage mission has been successfull~' and empower the people of Ontario to accomplished. carry out heritage conservation initiatives. But let us not pause too long. With the blueprint complete, the work of Like the policy review, the construction must now begin. development of legislation will be consultation-driven. Right after lunch, Our efforts will be guided by the I invite all of you to attend a briefing Vision of Heritage for Ontario, created session to hear my staff outline the by the review and endorsed by the comprehensive package we are government. In closing, let me quote considering. And I hope you ,,,ill the words of our shared vision: return on June 14 for an intensive workshop to discuss the proposals and 'Ontario's heritage is a living resource. seek a consensus on some of the more It is the basis of our identity and our contentious issues. social and economic well-being. It is a source of confidence in what we can I mentioned our fall deadline for achieve: as we come to understand it, introduction of the bill. This imposes we discover who we are and what we a tight schedule on all of us and we can do. are counting on your utmost co- operation in moving forward as quickly We see an Ontario in which individuals as possible. Time is of the essence and communities have the power to both to capitalize on the widespread learn about their heritage, and to interest and momentum behind the conserve and develop it as the review, and to find solutions to the foundation of liveability and continuity urgent heritage challenges we face. in the province"'.
While work goes ahead on the The legislative proposals mentioned in legislative front, the ministry will the Minister's inl'1'tation for a June establish new consultative forums to 14th workshop are listed below'. ensure continued participation in Consultation and discussion will be on heritage policy-making. We will create these proposals only. (Society a series of working grou ps to begin to members not attending on June 14 ma.)· fOl'ward their appropriate comments to the GAS office for presentation). Current provisions: neither "heritage" nor 1.1 Herltageleglslallon should embody specific definilions of "hcritage", "heritage "consenallon"ls defined; Act almost exclusively comprehensive concepts of heritage and conservalion",elc. will signal significant concerned with certain types or real property heritage consenallon. Heritage, changes from Ihe old Act and encompass many (architectural, historical, archaeological sites) understood comprehensively, Is "all that herilage intereslS nOI now recogniz.cd in Ihe our society has valued and that sunlv •• as Iegislalion Many submissions 10 lhe Onlario Heritage Policy the living conte'" • both natural and Review (OHPR) advocaled eXlending Ihe purview of human· from which we derive sustenance, definition/application provisions in new herilage Ihe legislation to types of heritage resources not now coherence and meaning In our Individual Iegislalion will provide examples for other included: nalUral heritage, cul!urallandscapes and and collective lives;" heritage consenallon Onlario legislalion addressing heritage other kinds of immovable (real) properly, as well as Is "the process through which elements of concerns; MCC will work with affected movable and imangible herilage resources. Providing Ontario's heritage are identified and ministries over lime 10 ensure olher legislalion explicil definitions in heritage legislalion and inclUding mobilized as resources for shaping Identity 10 renect Ihe exlended scope of herilage clear definilions in olher relevanl legislalion, such as and guiding development." interests Ihe Environmenlal Assessmenl ACI, would draw auenlion to Ihe range of heritage resources and 1.1 The legislation should Include conservation aClivilies, promo Ie a common specific definitions of heritage and underslanding in use of terms, and encourage consenallon. The definillon or heritage coherence in Ihe developmenlof minislry/agency should highlight the three broad categories policies and guidelines. of heritage resources· Immovable heritage (or real property), movable heritage (or personal property), and Intangible heritage. The definilion of heritage consenallon should emphasize the three general types of consenollon acllvlty: idenllficallon, protection, Interpretation Bnd use.
1.3 Ilefinltlon and applicullon provisions in other relevunllegislation,such as the l'lunnlng and fl:nvirollment Assessment Ads, should be reviewed over time Bnd amended us upprnpriute, in order thut the full runge or heritage resources are considered In stalulory planning processes. provides opporlunily 10 link IegislalioD clearly 10 Province's guiding vision and overall policy AI presenl Ihe purposes of Ihe Onlario Herilage Act 10 promote a broadened framework for herilage conservalion mUSI be inferred from ils name and from ilS specific undentandlngof Ihe nalure and provisions. An explicil Slalemenl of Ihe broad value or Ontario's heritage and the purposes of Ihe Slalule would be valuable 10 a wide heritage conservation proress; range of users, as well as 10 Ihe murls in inlerpreling parlicular provisions. to provide a framework of roles and responsibilities for heritage conservation In Ontario;
to provide tools for the proleetlon or Ontario's heritage resources; and
to fadlltate good public and private sector stewardship of Ontario's heritage. Current provisions: no Identllkallonor provincial J.I The Iqlslallon should provide refkcts key premise of OHPR that heritage Interest beyond general power or Minister or Culture general authority for all provlllciMI interests and res(!Onsibilitiesextend across and Communlcallons to "determine policies, prlorilies ministries and agencies (not Just the government and programs for Ihe conservation, protection and Ministry of Culture and Communlcallons) preservallon of the heritage or Ontario" to establish policies and programs for as lead ministry MCC has overall wordinating carrying out the purposes or the Act, and support role OHPR pUblic submissions stressed the need for the Province to make its interest in heritage conservation J.2 The Province's Inlerestln heritage development of appropriate Planning Act clear and prominent. Beyond a general declaration of conservallon as It relates to land use poliey statement(s) already underway as part of provincial interest (such as that provided in the planning should be clarified and promoted current interministryexamination of use of Cabinet-endorsed I'olley Statement on Ontario's through approprlale policy slalements and such statements lIerllage), twtl specific inlcrests were illentified: (I) guidelines under Ihe 19KJ I'lallning Act. Ihe Province's interest in seeing glKKIconservation , closely related to 14 - The Municipal Mandate planning undertaken hy puhlic authorities at all levels; for Hcritage Conservation and (2) the Province's interest in heritage resources of Province-wide significance, whether in Crown ownership or otherwise. There were calls for formal provincial policy slatements on these mailers under section 3 of the 1'183 Planning Act. 4.1 The legislation should enable the similar to Planning Act's provision for joint Minister or Cullure and CommunicaUoos, aetivily by minimies with respect 10 policy There is wide public suppon for provincial-level or the Minister together wllh any other slatements under section 3 idenlificalion and inventories of heritage resources. Minister or the C.-n. to •• tabllsh and Such invenlOries are crilical 10 the overall planning maintain Inventory and documentaUoo while MCC need nol compilelkeep all and managemenlo( Ontario's heritage resources, programs or properties, areas and other invenlOries, il should have overall co-ordinaling panicularly those of provincial-level imponance. Immovable heritage resources, as well as role; While much has been done in the nalural herilage movable and Intangible heritage resources. area, there are, (or example, no .comprehensive and on natural heritage side Ihe Ministry of easily accessible invenlOries o( buill herilage resources. Nalural Resources has key role Specific enabling authorily for inventory and documentation aClivity in all areas (immovable. movable and intangible) is desirable. Cu""nt provisions: no provincial register per se; 5.1 The Mlnlsler of Cullure and inclusion on (or eligibilily Cor inclusion on) Ihe Ontario Heritage .'oundatlon required to keep a Communlcallons,or Ihe Mlnlsler logelher regisler would be nigger Cor mOSI provincial reglsler of municipally designated property with any olher Mlnlsler of the Crown, regula lOry and inducemenl mechanisms should be enabled 10 keep a register of As in Ihe case oC other provincial inlerests in Ihe heritage places of provlnclallnteresl. such a regisler could be lied 10 (or even land use planning system, Ihere is considerable incorporaled inlo) policy slalements issued pressure Cor the Province 10 lake sleps 10 clearly 5.1 Such a reglsler should also Include under Ihe Planning ACI idenlify immovable resources oC provincial significance. heritage places In areas wlthoutlDunlclpal Drawing Crom existing and CUlure invenlories oC organization. with respecllo Crown property, inclusion on heritage siles and areas, bolh in pUblie and privale regisler should Irigger Cor applicalion of hands, a Cormal register oC provincially significant corporate (i.e. governmenl.wide)managemenl places could be developed based on clearly eslablished guidelines and slandards, 10 be developed criteria. The regisler would be a key component in joinlly wilh minisnies affecled both provincial and municipal planning and prolection single properties strategies. Such a register would also address the heritage lralls or corridors crileria and process Cor regisler(s) would be need Cor a mechanism Cor idenlifying heritage sites in heritage districts or ateaos developed in consullation wilh polenlial user unorganized lerrilory (comprising much oC nonhern properties adjacenllo specific heritage groups Ontario). sUes, Importanllo Ihe seiling of the slle:.
5.4 Any person should be able 10 request Ihat a property be considered for Inclusion on Ihe reglsler.
5.5 CrUerla and process Cor Ihe Inclusion of properties and areas on such regislers should be provided In Ihe rqulations. Current prorislonl: _ except tlult Mlnlster •• y 6.1 The Minister of Culture and provincial desillnalion of privale property designate sites of arc:luIeoIogialls!&nlflalnce lubject 10 Communialtlonsshould be enabled to should neilher inlerfere wilb local declsion- the plIyment of c:ompensatlon ror buslnes. 101. deslgnale a site or area Induded on Ihe making nor become subslilule for municipal I'fO\'lndal Reglsler of lIerilllge 1'I8ces. aclion There were numerous calls In Ihe OHPR .nd earlier submissions for provincial powers 10 prolect siles and 6.J A1lentlons (Indudlnll ~Itlon) of lluidelines would be developed ronfinlnll use of areas of provincial-level inleresl or significance. AI designated Illes and areas should require Ihls power 10 silualions where provinciaUy presenl lhe Minlsler of Cullure and Communicalions appnwal r•.••• the Mlnlsler and the sillnirlCanl properties are al risk and no may designale only archaeologicalsiles. As a resull Minister should be able to delegate this adequale proleclion exists al local level Ihe Province Is oflen powerless 10 rerognize and power. prolecl buill and nalural herilage fealures. rellardless as under Ihe Planninll Act, approval powers of Iheir importance. The herilage slalules of almosl 6.1 The process ror designation should mighl be delegaled 10 Ihe municipal level all olher provinces provide for designalion al bolh Indude a requlremenllo ronsult with Ihe where appropriale and feasible provincial and municipal levels. local munlclpllUlyconcemed.
6.4 The owner of the properly or lhe munlclpllUly should be able to ha.e lhe designation re¥Iewed by lhe Ontario lIeritage Board (see •• Il). 7.1 1lIe legislation should provide for together wilh other mechanisms (developmenl the automatic protection or certaIn dasses plans review, licensing, provincial designation) At present Ontario's archaeological and of sites. proposal would form comprehensive package of paleonlOlogicalsites enjoy very limited and uneven tools and techniques for archacologicalsite protection. As the OHPR submissions poinled out, 7.1 Protected dasses or site should prolection; specific procedures should dovelail archaeological licensing (see 8 below) regulales the Indude: with those of licensing and plans review practice of archaeology but does nol directly protect (a) .....,-confederatlon sites or native archaeological sites. While government review of origin; to provide lime for selling up necessary statu lOry plans under the Planning Act and other (b) other archaeological sUes before 1815; operational arrangements, mechanism should legislation is of growing importance as a protection (e) any other dass or sUe designated by come inlo effect al lime 10 be established by mechanism, its application is Iimiled 10 activily regulation. Cabinel requiring plans approval. The complicated provision for designation of archaeological sites in Part VI of 7.3 1lIe Ueutenant·Governor·ln·Coundl the OHA has proved unworkable. A different should be able to establish additional approach, modelled on Ihal in effeel in British protected dasses of sUe. Columbia and elsewhere, would address the gaps in the present system. This approach Slarts from the 7.4 Alteration of protected sUes, or assumption that certain classesof heritage resources removal of objects from Ihem, should are of special importance 10 the province and Ihat require approval from the Minister and the pUblic authorities should have a say in Iheir Minister should be able to delegate Ihis development and use. power.
7.5 Notice of discovery of •• protecled sUe should be given Immediately.
7.6 The owner of the property should be able to have the Minister's decisions reviewed by the Trlbullal (see #11). 10.1 The legislation should enable the register oould serve to publicize endangered Minister or Culture and Communications items/colleclions and act as Irigger ror runding As in the case or immovable heritage (real property), to keep a register or heritage objects and or oonservalion assislance certain movable resources (artiracts, specimens, other movable resources. documents) may be or interest or significance 10 Ihe register oould also enoourage private province as a whole. Important oolleclions or 10.1 Criteria and process for Incluston on stewardship or oollections by providing archaeological artiracts, ror example, may be in private the register should be provided In the insurance and security advantages hands or in Ihe custody or oommunity museums. regulations. Except ror acquisilion by provincial agencies (such as like provincial designation or real property, the Archives or Onlario, Royal Ontario Museum, Art 10.3 The legislation should enable the guidelines should be developed limiting use of Gallery or Onlario), no mechanism exists ror (Jeutenant Governor In CouRd!, on the power to situalions where objeclS/collections provincial reoognition or items and oollections. recommendatlonor the Minister or Culture are at risk and allernalives have been and Communications, to designate an exhausled Inpul to Ihe OHPR reoommended thai, where an object or collection Included on the object or colleclion or provincial significance is movable heritage register. threalened by deslrUClion or loss, Ihe Province should be able to lake action 10 sareguard Ihe objecl or 10.4 Alteration or destruction or oollcclion in the provincial interest. As an allernative designated objects or collections should to public acquisilion, such power should be available require a permit from the Minister. only with respect 10 property listed on the movable herilage register (or eligible ror such regislration). 10.5 The Minister should be able to Like designalion or real property, such designalion obtain a court order for the maintenance would nOI arrcct ownership or possession or Ihe objcci or property threatened by neglect. or (he righl or tran,rer ownership. Precedents exist in Quebec, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. 10.6 Removal 01 deslgn.led objects or eoIlectlon. r•.•••• lhe province should also require a penal!.
11.7 Crllerla and procedures ror dalgnallon .hould be prescribed by regulallon.
10.. The _ oIlhe property concemed should be able 10 have Ihe deslgnallon reviewed by the Tribunal (s.., #11). Currenl provisions: OIlF may provide advisory senkes and 11.1 The legislation should specllkally would provide enabling powers only. wilh financial assistance Ihrough granls or loans; Mlnlsl.r m.y .nable Ihe M Inlsler of Cullure and procedures set out in regulations also .x.rdse Ihese pow.rs; regulations provld. for granls 10 Communlcatlonsor any other Mlnlst.r museums and olher heritage organlzallons. Under MCC Act, of the C.--n to support and encourage such provision would avoid Cuture need Cor Mlnlsl.r has broad pow.rs 10 provld. funding, .Ic. the conservallon of Ih. h.rltage of specific enabling legislation such as the Ontario by means of: 1988 Conservalion Lands Act (allowing To improve Ihe economic climale Cor herilage-sensitive MNR 10 give granls loward privately investmenl and developmenl and 10 complemenl regulalory owned nalural siles) mechanisms. a large proportion oC submissions advocaled provincial lax and olher financial measures Cor Ihe in Ihe area oC buill heritage. an extensive conservation oC herilage structures. In addilion 10 grants lisl oC polential inducements Cound in programs. possible avenues include property lax measures OHPR's Technical Paper - Eronomk (e.g. provincial rebales oC tax increases fiowing Crom (c) the creation and admlnlslratlonof Measures for IIistorical Building rehabilitation oC designaled properties). sales lax measures. .mergency, revolving or oth.r specl.1 Conserv.tlon In Ontario prepared by Marc access 10 veRlure capilal. ele. Th. developmenloC funds Ihrough approprlale agencies Denhel apprnpriale inducemenl approaches Cor Ihe conservation oC beritage buildings may have specific implications Cor relevanl in longer lerm some approaches. such as Ontario stalules or regUlations. Within Ihis conlext heritage sales lax incenlives. should be pursued wilh legislalion should provide clear enabling power Cor granls (.) agreem.nts wllh any person, Minislry oC Revenue and OIher ministries and olher inceRlive programs al Ihe provincial level. munlcl ••••llty •• g.ncy. or olher body •.•• pectlng th. mall.rs In (a) - (d). With respecllO movable property. Ihere is a need Cor broad aUlhorily Cor appropriale Corms oC provincial assislance to bOlh public and privale colleclions. including granls. conservalion advice. and agreemeRls wilh owners/cuslodians.
In Ihe area oC inlangible heritage. Ihe OHPR heard Ihat cnnscrvatinnstralcgics nceded to emphasize bringing these clements 10 pUhlic and official recognition and on nUrluring this heritage in its mullitudc of forms. Government needs dear authority 10 unucnakc or SUpP(ut programs of rccngnilinn and documcnlalionof inwngihlc clemenls. Current provisions: Conservation RevI_ Board 12.1 The legislation should provide for a enhanced role for eUher tbe Conservation mandated under Part III of OJlA; CRR~. declslon·maklnl tribunal ••lIh the expert Review Board or the Ontario Municipal Board decisions under Parts IV and VI; Ontario Munklpal and administrative c:apadt" approprlateto would have resource ImplicaliollS (or either Board hean appeals re herltaae This approach would building on the strengths of an exisling herilage tribunal and regularize ilS process in line with those ol the OMB and As the undenaandingof the scope of heritage and heritage conservation has expanded, and new initiatives such as provincial registers are implemented,the assistance of special advisory bodies may be desirable. For ins lance, an expert commillee could be used 10 advise the Minisler on the evaluation of sites for provincial significance. In the area of intangible heritage, several OHPR submissions called on Ihe Province 10 playa leadership role in the same way Ihal it did in the area of buill and archaeological heritage in Ihe 1970s. It was argued there was much "catch up" work to be done. It was suggested that a provincial advisory body be crealed to advise and assist the Province in addressing this emerging area. Such a body wollid play a lead role in co-ordinalingsurveys and other documentalion of Ontario folklife, stimulating research, encouraging the consideration of intangible elemenls in community and project planning, and generally promoling pUblic and official awareness of our intangible legacies. Currenl pnmslonl: _ndale muslbe In~ "- IU 'The Ie&lslallonlhould ClIprcasl, • limllar 10 Planning Act provisions rCJllrding lpectRe powers 11_ 10 a1unldpalle¥el; onl, reference pnmde I•••••• unld ••••IlIIa(.1 both lower conlcnl of official plans 10 Upper ller II 1"'1 • munldpalll'a1.' deIeI.le III .nd upper lien .nd Indudlnglndlan powers under OIIA 10 reaJonaileYel Banda) _, establish obJectives,pollcla · wherc herhagc conscrvalion objectives,policies • nd JIf'OIR"1 for lhe conservallon oIlhelr and progams rclalc 10 land use plannln•• Mln, OHPR submissions stressed lhe need 10 sel berltqe. lhese should be included in offICialplans clear expcclilionsof munlclpalillea for hcrllage conscrvallon. Thc goal should be onc whcre hcrllage 14.% With respect 10 Ihe relalion between • provincial policy 51alcmentsrcgarding herilage concerns arc Inlcgraled Inlo municipal plannlnl and herlta. conaenallon and land use conservalion and olhcr priorily provincial dc:dsion.makingon social, cconomk:, cultural, plannl••••lhe legilialion lhould l ••naIl ••••• Inlcrcsts rclaled 10 lhe land use plannlnl cnvironmcnlal and land use queallons. 'The use of where .ppropriale.nd In acconIance wllh sYSlcmarc under developmenl policy Slalcmcnts undcr Ihc Planning Act was seen as Planning Ad procedures, luch objectl_ onc means of signalling Ihc imporlance of and poIlclea••a, be Indudcd In an, oIIIelal conscrvalion planning, parlicularly wllh reapccl 10 plan oIlhe munkipalll,. land·based resources. 14.J ProYlndal poIkJ slale_nll should Concerns werc also raised lhal rcgionalor upper-lier be ISlued under lhe Planning Ad 10 guide govcrnmcnts had no clear mandalc or direction with .nd direct upper and lower ller rcgard 10 hcrhagc conseNalion. As a reault Ihcrc is a conserv.lion planning wllh rcspccllo land· risk Ihal rcgional.level planning and olhcr aclivhy may based herltqc resources. Ignorc or overridc planning and olher herllage concerns al Ihc local level. A complemcnlaryand co· ordlnaled syslcm of responslbllilies and rowelS is needed. CUrTenlly: Act says only Ihat LACACs may be 15.1 The legislation should enable existing LACACs would continue as municipal appointed to advise and assist local councils In munlclpalltlesal all levels 10 establish herilage boards exerdslng their speelnc powers municipal heritage boards. strenglh of LACAC role must nol be In line wilh expanded understandings of herilage and 15.2 The name "Local Architectural jeopardized heritage conservalion,lhere were many calls for a Conse •.•.atlonAdvisory Commllle<" should wider role for municipalities and their advisory bodies be repla 15.5 The Iqlslatlon should provide thot In Qrrylnl out Its responslbllilies the lDunlclplll heri •• boord IDlY: (I) undertske heritage resouru \() <..0 In..,ntories,doaJmentatlonlnd related <::> Q, I resesrdl; <..0 (b) deoelop publlt triteril ror the determllUltlonor slgnlnQnteor heritage resourus Ind ror the revlew or proposals ror thlnges to deslglUlted property; (t) undertske edutStlllnl' progrsms Ind Ictlvltles; (d) undertske promotlonllllnd mlrketlng Inltllltives; Ind (e) undertske rundrslslnglctlvlty. 15.6 In addition 10 the responslbllilies these additional powers could be conferred on listed In 15.4, the council should be able to boards al council's oplion confer on Its munldpal herilage board any or all or the following functions: note Ihal council could, if il chose, also make its municipal herilage board responsible for (a) administering or grant or loan museums (Toronto Hislorical Board model) programs or special funds; (b) managing or movable herilage objects and collections owned by the munldpality; (c) managing or herilage properties and easements held by "the munklpality; (d) such other dulles as council may require. 15.7 The leglslallon should provide for the creallon of joint municipal herilage boards by two or more munlclpalilles. 16.1 1be legislation should enable would consolidate provisions concerning munldpallllesat all Inels to establish, museums in heritage legislation and extend The conservation or some rorms or locaVreglonal operate andlor support custodial or Inlst these to other types of heritage Institution, heritage resources may call ror the creation of Instltullon. (Including museum •• archl_ such as municipal archiYeS appropriate custodial racUities or trust bodies to hold and propet1)' InlSls) concerned wllh and manage heritage resources In the community idenllfyl •••• protecllng, Interpretl ••••and interest. Under sub-section 208 (57) or the Municipal providing access to community heritage Act a municipality may acquire and operate museums, resoun:ea. natural history collections, parks (among a range or other facilities from arenas to observatories)and may 16.% Council .hould be able to delegate appoint a board of management to act on Its behalf. Ita powers under this provision to a board Archives and local trusts are not specifically or management mentioned. II was suggested that clear powers to establish and support heritage racilities be consolidated. 16.3 Two or more munldpallllesshould under heritage legislallon. be able to undertake Joint action for such purposes. Current provisions: munlclpalltlesrequlrecl to keep 17.1 Where a municipal heritage board registration would constitute first tier of two- registers or designated properties; only real property has '-n created, a local municipality tier designation system of an:hltecturalor historical Interest eligible for should be able to establish an offklal designation and other fonns or protection; designation register or Immovable heritage (real the creation of a municipal heritage board possible without creation or lACAC property). would be a condition precedent for most municipal powers Recognizing Ihal land-based resources may be of 17.1 Any real property or heritage dirrerent degrees of importanre, and Ihat the need for Interest, whether or historical, an:hltectural, protection may vary from property to property, many an:haeologlcal,naturalor scenic OHPR submissions called for a more flexible system slgnlficance,should be eligible for Inclusion of municipal designation. An approach that provides on the register provided It meets clearty for both registration of heritage property and formal denned mteria. Such property could designation has many advantages. It would encourage comprise or Include: an open, consultative and planned process of municipal herilage recognition and protection. Such a a single property process would redure ad hoc and arbitrary responses a heritage trail or corridor and increase the fairness of municipal decision-making. heritage districts or areas Formal designation would normally be available only properties Important to the Immediate with respect to a property included on the herilage selling or context of a heritage site. regisler, i.e. where owners and prospective purchasers were already informed of the heritage value of the 17.3 Inclusion In a heritage register property 10 the community. would give only very temporary protection (60 days) to the heritage features of a The eXlension of municipal powers 10 recognize and property. protcci other Iypes of immovable heritage, such as gardens. cemeteries, and natural and archaeological siles, was also widely favoured. :s: III ISSUES ~<... :t::, •.... <0 17. <0 <::> 17.4 AnI person should be able to request that a property be Induded on !be heritaee reglsler. 17.5 The munklpal heritage board should be required 10 keep any reglsler established under Ihl. provision. Currenl provisions: alle •• llons require ronsenl or 18.1 The legislation should rontinue 10 formal designalion would be part or two·tier rounell; ••••ner can demolish deslgnaled slructure ISO enable munklpalltieslo deslgnale herllage syslem and would be available only in Ihe case day. aRer appllcallon rerused by rounell property roc prolectlon purposes. Only of property enlered on or eligible for the property enlered on Ihe herllage reglsler municipal register Input 10 Ihe OHPR indicaled wide pUblic consensus and meellng locally denned erllerla ror Ihal heritage designalion is essentially a land use designation could be deslgnaled. members of lhe community would be able 10 planning 1001, similar to wning. In this conlexl, iniliate regislration and designalion of herilage existing municipal powers are anomalous and are 18.2 Changes 10 deslgnaled property properly inadequate to provide a real measure of prolection for Including Ihe demolillon or slructures designated property. fn particular, the provision should require a permll rrom Ihe allowing for Ihe demolilion of designated buildings munieipallly. IHO days after council has refused an application to demolish has been heavily criticized. This was the 18.3 Any person should be able 10 issue Ihat prom pled Ihe Cily of Toronto in 1981 10 requesllhal a pro...,rty be deslgnaled by seek special powers allowing it to prohibil demolilion Ihe munieipailly. unlil a building permit for a replacement structure had been granted. 18.4 Where a municipailly Inlends 10 deslgnale a property, any person should be As part of a more comprehensiveconscrvalion able 10 object 10 Ihe designallon and have planning process, including the regisnalion of heritage Ihe mailer rderred 10 Ihe Tribunal ror a property, municipalities should be in Ihe position III hearing and decision. Recourse 10 appeal make final decisions on alleralion and demolilion also should be '!pen 10 any person denied proposals, similar to other land use planning deslgnallon by lhe munieipallly decisions, SUbject III appeal III an impartial IribunaL 19.5 Where a ""!uesllo aller or demolish a deslgnaled herilage pmperty Is rerused, lhe owner should be able 10 appeallhe maltier to the Trihunul (or it hearing and decision. 19.1 Munlclpalltles should be able to as in Ihe ease of environmental assessmenl A heritage impact statement is a wrillen evaluation of require that a development proponent programs, Ihis would allow municipalities 10 the effect of a project or undertaking on heritage provide a heritage Impact statement In transfer some of burden of resources. The slatement oullines the project, situations where the development might assessmenl/evaluation projecl to proponent describes the cultural and nalural mnlext of Ihe adversely arreet a registered or designated development, identifies the impact of Ihe project and heritage property or a property under Implemenlalion musl be mmpatible with recommends ways to avoid or lessen Ihe impact on statutory protecllon (#7). ongoing need 10 S1reamline developmenl heritage resources. There were suggestions that approvals system municipalities he given the power to require such 19.1 Guidelines/standards for such slatements where heritage fealures are likely 10 he statements should be established by affecled. Such statcments muld he used for instance, regulation. in determining whcther permits should he issued for the alteration of designated property. 19.J When a heritage Impact order Is In errect, property should automatkallyreeeive tempo •••ry protection. ~ .)...., '", G ~ :::-. C ::l ~ •.... ~ <0 q; <0 "' <::> 10.1 Local municipalities should be would permit local governments to use register enabled to register and designate property and designalion as recognition tool without A Irequently-voicedconcern was that properties owned owned by the J'rovince in the same way as 'binding' province 10 municipal CORirols by the Province (and the federal government)were other property; the effect or such not legally sUbject 10 designation and that changes to designation should be to require the Planning Act requirement precedent lor such a such properties were sometimes made without Province to consult wllh the council berore consullation obligation (e.g. where minister community involvement. These sites· courthouses, undertaking alterations. wants to change municipality'S olficial plan) provincial institutions, etc. - orten represent local resources 01 landmark or other significance. There 10.1 Consultation procedures should be procedures should be developed by allecled were many calls lor making the legislation binding on set out in regulation. ministries in consullalion wilh municipalities the Crown. What is clearly needed is some means and heritage organizalions whereby the community's interest in such sites would be acknowledged and an opportunily provided lor local input on decisions allecting their IUlUre. The Ministry 01 Cullure and Communications, working with the Ministry 01 Government Services, has already laken some steps in this direction in the case 01 MGS-owned prope.rties. Currenl provisions: lDunldpaliliama, _ke annl. 21.1 Munidpaliliellhouid lie 11_ broad and ••••n. 10 lhe _nen 01 da1analed berI •••• aullMwlt, to provide IInanclal a•• lstance propert, (real propert, ani,) -.N the -.en>atlonol hert •••• , la lhe area or buill herilagc, exlensive lisl or _rea - 1__ bIe (real jII'OpCI1)'). polenlial inducemcnlS found in OHPR'I Consislcnl wilh broader dellnilions or hcrllagc and -we ••••Intanatble. I. lhe ease 01 Tcdlaleal Paper, r-Ic M_ .•••. grealcr municipallnvolw:menl in herllagc real propert)'. 0111, propert)' under _ IlI1to1teaM lint ••••• u•••••• e--tIon conservalion, grealcr laillude and ncxibllily in roo.. 01 haitqe ••.•••ectlon ahouId lie aM •••••••.•1l0li In Ontario prepared by Marc municipaillnancial and olhcr assislancc ror prlvale elilible ror publle IInandalaaalstance. Dcnhcz conservalion aclivlly wilh respect 10 all Iypcs or herilage is called ror. One suggeslion rrequenUy 21.2 The ,,111I11on should lpedlleall, heard in Ihe area or real properly prolCClion was Ihal prcwIde tlult _unidpallllea_, offer municipaiilies orrer properly lax induccmenlS 10 relleta an propertJ taxa to ~ 01 owners or herllagc properlies. dealanated propert,. 21.3 Munidpaliliesshouid lie able to set up and _naae~.rewl" •• or other .peetal rund. to lie used lor hert •••• con_lion purposes. 21.4 Munidpalilleashouid 1uI••• dear authority to: (a) wllh the _ncr'1 aanemen!, erect IlaRl, plaques and other InlerpnoU ••• aids; (b) •••••••Uft Inrormallonalor pro_1ona1 •• alerlal on 10011 reclonal herltall" resources; (e) undertake edUClllional progCllms or courses respecting locaVreglonal heritage; and (d) IlUlke granl5 for an)' of the above purposes. Current provisions: munld""lItlesllUl)' Kqulre 22.1 Munkl""lItlesshould be enabled to (Including b)' expropriation) Indlvlduall)' deslgnatOd real Kqulre real or personal propert), of propert)'; heritage easements ma), also be Kqulred for heritage Interest or significance. building conservation onl)' 22.2 Munkl""lltlesshould be able to Existing municipal powers to acquire real property acquire heritage easemenl5 on all t)'pes of and heritage easements are confined 10 architectural heritage real propert),. sites. 22.3 Munld""lltlesshould be able to The extension 01 municipal authorily to idenlily and expropriate real propert), listed on the protect a wide range 01 heritage property suggests the munld",,1 register, subject to the usual need to similarity widen the scope 01 acquisition expropriations process. powers. ~ .~ .~., ~ r) <;:; ::.- :::s "C ~ <.0 :b ~ C1l Current provisions: only the Ontario lIeritage 23.1 The legislation should enable publk a provincial agenl), (possibly Ihe OHF) will Foundation and munlcipalltlesare enabled to negotiate and private ~ .:.», ~ r> ~ :::- :;E:,: <; •.... a 24.3 lbe existing ",,!uirementror ministerial consent for prosecutions should be removed. There is a somewhat babbling array of we know that this clearly refers to the names for the Odawa that appear in Odawa, I can come to no good the Jesuit Relations and related explanation of why the -n- is there. ethnohistorical sources of the 17th and 18th centuries. In this article I will Other deviant forms vary in ways that, attempt to create order out of as We will see, prove to be both confusion by placing them in three interesting and instructive. In 1660 categories: and 1665 there are forms that end with -t- and -ts- respectively, rather than 1) Algonkian; the expected -k- and -ks-(JR46:160 2) Iroquoian; and JR49:160). In a French-Huron 3) Combined Algonkian/Iroquoian. manuscript dictionary that I have tentatively dated at 1697 the term The ,"ord for the Odawa that most appears as "8ta8a8ak" (FH1697:248). often occurs in the early literature is These will be discussed at a later what can be approximated as utawak. point, in the section on the combined It takes various forms in the Jesuit Algonkian/Iroquoian term. Relations. What seems to be the basic one (as it is the one from which the How is Utawak constructed? It has others can best be explained) is that long been claimed (see White 1971:374) which was written as 8ta8ak (with -§- that the term is based on an Algonkian representing a -u- before a consonant verb meaning 'to trade'. This verb and a -w- before a vowel) from 1653 to takes forms such as the following: 1660 (JR38:180), JR44:110 and 46:104 and 118), sometimes as outaouak, from "*ata:we:wa ... 'he trades, sells,' F/ox/ 1656 to 1658 (JR42:224, 234 and ata:we:wa; C/ree/ ala-we:w; JR44:236). From 1663 on an -s- was M/enomini/ata:weE:w; O/jib",a/ ata:we:" added to the word, adding a French (Aubin 1975:14 #185) plural to it. This was spelled with an -x- representing the -ks- in 1663 If this is a verb, then the -k- ending (JR48:116), in 1670 as -ks- (JR53:44, 48 would seem to be the suffix for a third and 66), from 1673 to 1677 as -cs- person plural. In Moose Cree, for (JR57:22 and 202, 59:88, 92 and 94, and example, we can see this usage. The 60:J46 and 214). Starting in 1674 the verb "ihtaw" means 'he is at a place' -k- sound was dropped to create the (Ellis 1983:666). For 'they are at a Algonquian/French word Outaouais place' the word is "ihtawak" (op. cit., (JR59:68 and 61:68 and 72, for p153). Even if the word were a noun, example). the plural form would also involve a - k- at the end. Again, Moose Cree can There are also a number of mistaken provide us with an example. The word forms. In 1648 we get "Ontanaak", "ililiw" means 'person, Indian' (op. cit., with the not unusual printing errors p666). The form for 'people, Indians' of -n- for -u- and -a- for -0-(1), plus is "ililiwak: (op. cit., p203). an inversion of -0- and -\1-. Other different forms are less easy to Another term for the Odawa that explain. The earliest such instance appears in the ethnohistorical Uccurred in 1640, with "Outaouan" literature, albeit rarely, is a Wyandot (JR18:231). Although from the context word. It takes the following forms: onk8ahiacta c1697 (FHI697:248) 1978:785), this was not the case with ok8a,atat c1740 (Potier 1920:154, 155 the Huron (HF59, HF62 and HF65).(5) and 168) kwa'?ayatac I believe that this form can be further 435) broken down into noun root plus verb root. Evidence suggestive of this The Wyandot nature of the first term comes from another instance of what I is less apparent than for the other think is the verb root involved, the two, which come from well-known yerb form "asa,annen". We can see Wyandot sources. It is one of a small the similarities of structure and number of names written in a hand meaning in this entry from Potier: different from others on the same page comprising a list of tribal names.(2l "asa,annen ,annha, ,annhak, ,and, These appended names refer to peoples ,andande c that the Wyandot were more likely to parler une langue etrangere que ceux have encountered than were the Huron, a qui l'on parle n'entendent pas as can be seen in the following: /to speak a language strange to those to whom one is speaking and who do "Loups/probably the Delaware, see not understand/" (Potier 1920: 174 #85) below /hondasa,annen Les Miamis EOochin,oronnon This term \.as used by Iroquoians to tetes plates/probably the refer to Algonkians that lived to the Che rok ee (3) /oata ,onron non" east of them. In Huron sources we (FHI697:248) find forms of this verb translated as "certains algonquins VOISIns des Can we discovel' what these terms Anglois" (HF65:21), "certains Algonq. meant and what theil' constituent parts proche les Angl. (HF62:17) and more w~re? The best evidence comes from specifically "Abenaquis" (FHI697:248 Potier's 18th century dictionary, in and JR36:118). Other Iroquoians used which we have the following: it to refer to the Abenaki's southern g g neighbours, the Mahican (JR28:113 and "ak8a,annen ,annha and T. J. Brasser 1978:211), others to the ,andande/These refer to different l"Iahican's southern neighbours, the forms a verb can take./parler Ilne Delaware (Goddard 1978:236). In the langue mal, avoir l'accent etrangere/to Wyandot sources we have the term speak a language badl~', to have a referring to the Abenaki (Potier strange accent/ok8a,atat 8ta80i" (Potier 1920:154) and to the "loups";'.olves/, 1920:168) the Mahican or Delaware (FHl697:248 and Potier 1920:174). In the 19th The superscript -£.1- and the century and eal'1y 20th century we translation were both Potier's have the term used to refer to the additions, based on the W.vandot he Delaware (He",'itt 1889, Barbeau 1915:83 heard, to the Huron he had learned. #2 and Barbeau 1960:98}(6). We then appear to have a ,",'yandot cognate (related term) for the verb If, then, the verb root is the common form -ak8a,ann-, with Wyandot having element -,an- (see Michelson 1973:25 a -t- where-Huron has an -n-(4)' for this hypothesis with the Mohawk cognate), what are the noun roots? Interestingly, while the Wyandot used One could make a good case for the this verb to refer to the Ottawa, as noun -8a-, meaning 'oivce' (Potier did speakers of other Iroquoian 1920:452 ",a8a") being the noun root in languages recorded from late in the the first instance. With the 17th century (as "\"aganis", 1691; semireflexive prefix it takes the form - ""'agenhanes", 169~; and "De,.agunhas", ak8a- (ibid). 1747; as cited in Feest and Feest No such readily apparent noun solution -a- stem conjugation. There are five suggests itself for -as-. One conjugations of Huron verbs and possibility, however, is that it might nouns, all determined by their come from the noun root -chi-, formation of pronominal prefixes. While meaning 'mouth' (Potier 1920:446). -ond- is a 'they' form for feminine While the form with the semireflexive plural for -a- stem conjugation verbs, prefix, as presented in Potier, is I do not feel that it was what was -techi-, as is typically the case with being represented here, even though it other noun roots that begin with -ch-, seems to be. It is my belief that there is a precedent for it being at SagaI'd and the Jesuits were merely least some times or in at least one missing the initial-h- in the word, not dialect being -as-. The verb root - surprising considering the silent initial chia,- meaning 'to finish' (Potier -h- in French (e.g., like in 'hache', 1920:212, ",achia,i") takes as its form pronounced more like 'ash' in English with a semireflexive prefix "asa,i" (op. than like 'hash'). My main reason for cit., p213). claiming this comes from a comparative look at the Jesuit Relations relative to The most common Huron name for the Jesuit references concerning peoples' Odawa is a term that can take the names that occur later in French- following forms: Huron dictionaries. In the Jesuit Relations we get -ati- appearing to be Word/Date/Source representing a feminine plural form of Anda ta-houa t -16 32 - Sagar d 1865, the consonant stem verbs and nouns, Dictionnaire, "Nations, de quelle nation" with apparently no instances of -hati- Andatahouats-1632-Sagard 1939:66 and the masculine equivalent.(7) We also 307 get -ond- in the one instance of an - Onda taouaouat-1648-JR33:226 a- stem conjugation form, with no Onda ta8a8ak -1653-JR38: 180 apparent examples of the -hond- form Ondatauauat-1653-JR39: 14 (JR36:118). The case is the opposite Onda lauauat-1654-JR41: 76 with the dictionaries of 1697 and the Ondataouaouats-1656-JR42: 108 1740s. In those sources with tribal Ond ataouaoua t-1657 -Bress ani map names we get the 'they, masculine' (Heidenreich 1971 map 10) form exclusively, with no female plural forms. The following chart shows the Before we get to the analysis of the contrast with reference to the same word, the differences between the form people being spelled differently in the occurring in Recollect Brother Gabriel two types of sources: Sagard's wl'itings and those of the Jesuits should be noted and explained. Sagard wrote an -a- where the Jesuits had -0- initially, and the Jesuit writings contain one more -wa- syllable than do Sagard's works. I feel we can group look upon Sagard's recording here as (JR28:148) being a more imperfect rendition of a form captured more accurately by the hatichra8ata Jesuits in later years. (Potier 1920:154) The form that the various writers were attempting to represent was probably something like 'hondata8a8at'. I believe that there are at least three parts to the word that should be (Huron) analysed. The first is -hond-, meaning (JR34:130) 'they, masculine', for verbs taking the OndatouatandY/-(h)ond- ('they') !1648/Huron/ JR33: 150 Dela'vare (JR36:118) A,otonatendi/-a,o- ('they') /1653/Humn/ JR38: 180 If -hond- is the first element, that leaves us with -ata8a8at-. How can we ndaton8atendi/-nd- analyze this? There are fundamentally /1740s/Wyandot/Potier 1920: 154 two options. One is to assume that the 'vord makes sense in Huron, being U ndatomatend i/- (h) und constructed of Huron origin morphemes ('they' )/1881/Wyandot/White 1971:39-1 (significant word parts). The other is that -ata8a8at- is 'foreign' in origin, ha?atOm@tEndi(8)/-h the word being made to 'look Huron' ('he')/cI911/Wyandot/Barbeau 1960: 101 with the addition of the -hond- #15 pronominal prefix. Pursuing the first option leads into several cul-de-sacs. believe the 'fol'eign' source for There are three verbs that can begin 'ata8a8at' to be the Algonkian verb with -ata8a-: *ata:we:wa, with some likelihood of it 1) "acta8an" /to fail! (Potier 1920:180); being fmm a realization of the verb 2) "ata8an" /to bathe/ (ibid); with the second -w- (i.e., such as is 3) "ata8i" /to lie down/ (Pot.ier found in Fox, Cree and in Menomini). 1920:181). <\s wOI'ds in Huron vel'y rarely end with vow-el plus -8-, a following" -a- These t.hree vel'bs lead us int.o dead might have been seen as making it ends both st.ructurally and more appropriately Huron. philosophically. None of t.hem can be used to develop the -8at- ending. The ethnohistorical literature strongly Likewise, there is nothing identifiably suggests an association for the Huron 0dcl\va in failing, bathing or lying between hondata8a8at and some form of down. 8ta8ak. There was a good number of examples of mixing of forms between The other option looks promising, the two, as can be seen fl'om the particularly as t.hel'e are a good following: number of Huron names for peoples in which linguistically 'fol'eign' elements 8ta8ak with Hondata8a8at Endinj£ al'e incorporated (see discussion 8ta8a.t/1660iJR46:T60' , below). Additionally, there exists a 8ta8als/1665/ JR49: J60 precedent for this kind of etymology Outaouals/1683/WIICJ6:119 with -a- stem conjugation pronominal Oatoua1;s/1684/WHC16:J J5 prefixes with t.he Huron term for the Potawatomi, a people w'ho speak a 8ta8ak w'ith Hondata8a8at Extra -8a- language closely related to that of the 8 ta8;;8ak / c 1'697tFHl@7:248-~~~' Odawa. This can be seen in the follO\ving list of references to the Hondata8a8at ,,·ith 8ta8ak E1!ginj£ Potaw-atomi in Huron and in Wyandot.. Ondata8a8al,/1653/JR38:180' .. It should be noted that. neither -p- nor -m- existed in Huron, so those Hondata8a8at with Initial 8ta8.?Js.....-8- sounds needed to be dropped or Ond8ta8aka/f642/JR22:74 (place name) changed when recorded in Huron Ondoutaouakeronnon/1643/ J R27:26 (Wyandot later developed an -m-): "lay be these last two examples give us some hints about the etymology 01' origin of hondata8a8at, particularly ak8a,ata in Wyandot, was Iroquoian in concerning the hard to explain origin, and was derived from a verb presence of the final -t-. root referring to strange or unintelligible speech. Another form of With the Odawa's fellow Algonkian- this verb was used by Iroquoians to speaking 'neighbours", the Mississauga r'efer to Algonkian-speakers living to and the Achiligouan, and the more the east of them (e.g., the Abenaki, distant Fox and Sioux, the Huron took Mahican and Delaware). Finally, a the people's name for themselves and third term, hOndata8a8at, was composite both reworked the name to make it Algonkian/Huron, originating with some sound 'more Huron' and added the form of the Algonkian verb *atawe:wa: populative suffix -ronnon-(9l. It is resembling 8ta8ak. It was possible that the Huron took a term restructured to become in appearance 8ta8a(8a)k and reworked it by adding (or sound) a Huron word. the noun suffix -,e-, giving the sense 'where', and the populative suffix - Several questions are left unanswered. ronnon-, giving a form something like The one such question that intrigues 8ta8a(8alkeronnon. As -8- can be a me is why the Huron did not use the third person singular pronominal prefix Iroquoian verb for strange speech, a for -a- stem conjugation verbs, the cognate for which existed in Huron, to shift to the plural -hond-would not be refer to the Odawa. For reasons I will unlikely. The introduction of the final be developing in a later article, I -t- could have come from making a believe that the Wyandot language was mistake in shifting back from the -,e- fundamentally Petun in origin. Does plus difference of naming by the Huron and -ronnon- suffix combination. The -ke- their Petun neighbours to the west given in the last example above could suggest difference in the relationship have equally come from a final -k- or between Odawa and these two peoples? -t-, as can be seen in the following More research is required. illustration of the use of the -,e- noun suffix: "8tenr8ke chez 8tenr8t ... 1 - For -u-/-n- mistakes see Steckley handotonke chex handotonk" 1988:11. Examples of an -a- where an (Potier 1920:]6, "ad ..apud ... in") -0- would have been more accurate are "Attiouendaran- khronon" (JR18:234) My suggestion is that some group of and "Etiaantarisati" (Heidenreich 1971 the Huron, seeing a -ke- form that had map 15). been created earlier from a word with 2 - I have since discovered that there a final -k-, mistakenly recreated the are Wyandot examples 'sprinkled' basic form with a -t- final. throughout this dictionary. 3 - see Barbeau 1960:98 #36 and 301 #4). 4 - This is not unusual in the Potier I have proposed here that the French dictionary. See Potier 1920:304-306 in the 17th and 18th cen turies and 450. encountered three kinds of names for 5 - For a possible example of this verb the Odawa. One name, which is with the name of an Algonkian people generally assumed to be derived from see the analysis of an Algonkian verb meaning 'to trade' "Khiondakovananiactonon" in "The and to have been used by the Odawa Early Map "Novvelle France": A themselves, is 8ta8ak. From 8ta8ak Linguistic Analysis", to be published in came the English word 'Ottawa" and Ontario Archaeology. the modern French 'Outaouais". A 6 - Unfortunately Barbeau creates an second name, which took some form of etymology for the word that is inaccurate. 1971 Huronia: A HistorY and 7 - The sole exception to the absence Geo.m:.aphy of the Huron InCl1iil1SI6QO-: of initial -h- with Huron pronominal f600Toronto, McClelland &. Stewart Ltd. prefixes in the Jesuit Relations occurs Hewitt, J.N.B. with "hotinnonchiendi", referring to 1889 Wyando!. Vocabulary Taken from the Iroquois (JR41:86). Samuel Ranking, Six Nations Reserve, 8 - The -0- is being used here to Ontario ms. indicate a nasal -0- and the -@- to HF59 Huron-French dictionaL'Y, ms. indicate a nasal -a-. The -E- is being HF62 Huron-French dictionary, ms. used to refer to an -e- similar to that HF65 Huron-French dictionary, ms. in the word 'bet'. Potier, Pierre 9 - For an analysis of this material see 1920 The 15th Report of the Bureau of "The Early Map "Novvelle France": A Archives for the Province of Ontario Linguistic Analysis", to be published in TOronIo;=C~W-;-~James-~~~ Ontario Archaeology. SagaI'd, Gabriel 1865 Le Grand Voyage du Pa~...§ Huron...§ Paris, Librairie Tross 1939-Yhe Long Journey to tDe Countrr This is to acknowledge that Bill Fox of the Hurons Toronto, The Champlain got this ball rolling by asking the Society nasty question "Where did the terms Steckley, John L. for Odawa come from?" 1988 "Enditenhwaen" Arch Notes 2:9-10 Thwaites, Reuben G. (JR) 1896-1901 The Jesuit Relations and Allied Docu-ments 73 vols. Cleveland, Aubin, George T1'ieBurrows - Bros. 1975 A Proto-Algonquian pic.tionarv, White, James ed. Nationar-Museu111- -of-- Man, j\1el'cury 1971 Handbook of Indians of Canada Series, Canadian Ethnology Service, (orig.-1913) Toronto, Coles -Publishing Paper #29, Ottawa Co. Barbeau, Marius WHC 1915 Huron and Wyandot :v!YtholQgy , 1855-1911 Collections of the State Ottawa, Government Printing bureau Historical Society of Wisconsin 21 vols. 1960 Huron-Wvandot Traditional Madison, The Society -- ~arratives, NatlOnal Museum OfCanada-; Bun -#160;- Ottawa c1911 unpublished field notes (on numbered cards) Brasser, T.J. 1978 "j\lahican" in Handbook of North American Indians, vol.-f5--N;rth~astJ3. Trigger ed. -Washington, -S-riilTIisonian Institution, pp198-212 Mayer, Poulton and Ellis, C. Douglas Associates Incorporated 1983 Spoken Cree, Edmonton, The Pica Pica ]51'ess------is pleased to announce the relocation Fees!., Johanna and Christian ot its corporate otiice to 1978 "Otta,,'a" in Trigger ed., pp772- 786 1265 Commissioners Road West FH1697 French-Huron dictionary, ms., c1697 London. Ontario N6K K9 Goddard, Ives 1978 "Dela,,-are" ill Trigger ed., pp213- 23~J Heidenreich, ('om'ad From the a.A.S. office PASSPORT-TO-THE-PAST PROGRAM registered in the program, please UPDATE advise the office you wish to continue. As undertaken at the last (October 1989) Annual Business Meeting, the PaSSpQl·t-to-the-Past program, now in its fourth year, was reviewed over the winter in the light of operating Time is speeding by and the lucky experience, the assumption by the OAS people participating in the 1990 OAS of the MCC's former share of the trip to Egypt and Jordan this operation, and the withdrawal of the November should be reading, planning Ministry regional Archaeologists who and saving. The price is holding firm were a source of informal input into and no unexpected problems have the program. appeared. In June a letter will go to all who have made a deposit confirming Forms, procedures and rules were their reservation and providing overhauled, reduced and simplified in further information. Enquiries will time for this season's activities. New continue to be accepted. Agencies were solicited. The periodic notices about volunteer opportunities sent to members of the program were fOl'malised into Volunteel' Opportunity FEDERAL BUDGET CUTS AFFECT Bulletins. A notice was sent to ONTARIO NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS everyone who has ever registered for the program asking them to confirm The recent federal budget included they were still active and wish to cuts directed at the native peoples of continue to receive the Bulletins in Canada, specifically affecting 99 1990. This enabled the mailing list to Friendshi p Centre s, 7 native be trimmed to provide faster service to communication societies, 13 northern the actively interested. To the date of native broadcast offices. 11 native writing the office has mailed six newspapers, and 62 native political Volunteel' Opportunity Bulletins for organizations. Funding will end 1990. completely July 1, 1990 for these Ontario native organizations: The fee to join the program and Association of Iroquois and Allied receive a Passport document and Indians, Grand Council Treaty No, 3, Volunteer Opportunity Bulletins for one Nishna\Vbe-Aski Nation and the Union year remains $10. A subsequent $5 of Ontario Indians. In Quebec funding annual service fee toward the cost of to Algonquin, Cree, Huron and Mohawk the Bulletins, established at the councils terminates the same day. commencement of the program in 1987 but always waived when the OAS could The Assembly of First Nations afford to do so, \vill be introduced responded with a document "The next year. Budget in Grief" copies of which can be obtained from the Assembly at 47 If yoU are not receiving Volunteer Clarence Street #300, Ottawa, ON KIN Opportunity Bulletins and believe you 9Kl tel:(613)236-0673 FAX(613l238-5780. should be because you were once if we locate it. If we don't, the missing members' mail piles up in the I n response to Federal Bill C-37 to office al"aiting claimants. Both establish a Canadian Heritage situations can be avoided if ~'OU please Languages Inhtitute, ;,ihich 'vould l'emember to advise the OAS if you are require native languages to compAte planning to move. for mOlllJ~' and attentior, with t.he many Each month we list the names of people languagf>s spol,en by Canada's non- ,,'hose mail has been ['eturned to us native minority groups, nat.ive ~P and ask for help locating them. Ke Ethel Blondin has presented t.o the thank those who ha,'e l'esponded in House of Commons pri\;at.e member's Bill the past and ask you to continue to do C-269 t.o establish an Aboriginal so. For the record ','e have newl:v Languages Foundation "t.o facilitate retuI'ned mail here fOl': throughout Canada the acquisition, Brian LOCHHEAD, was in \;'indsor ret.ention and use of aboriginal 1\1ichael PAYNE, was in Weiland languages". I n view of the Mulroney Government's cuts to the native communications program, the prospect fOl' Bill ('-269 has been described as OA50 has finall,' been mailed. The "oblivion" . delay was because this ~'ear Canada Post. introduced new l'ules for mailing Bool, Rate mail. We found we had to apply for a regist.ral.ion number, which has to appear on the envelope. There lVas uncertainty that "'e would be Plans for a summer bus trip are in the eligible for Rool, Ratp registration, works but not yet firm at the time of hO\,e,'el' it was eventually granted. writing. Hopefully there ,,,ill be a flyer pnc!t)sed with this issue. If We hope you find the wait worth,,'hile. there is, please respond. If there As has been mentioned, this is our isn't, watch for thp next. issue. fortieth anniversary fiftieth issue special edition h'ith an appropriate cover. While it lVas never intended, it is noted that it. inc.ludes contributions by fOUl' current and past Societ,' Presidents and a Past President of the Khat can we say. One of the fe,,· senior Chapter. requirement.s for continuing membership in Uw O,\S is that if you '10A3 is in an advanced stat.e of change YOUI' adnress you advise the pl'eparation and its release should Society. Whpn undeliverable mail is follow snon. returned, the OAS is usually charged the I'etllt'n mail fee, flnd we pay a t.hird time to mail to thf~ ne\V address GRAND RIVERIWATERLOO President: Ken Oldridge (519) 821-3112 Vice-President: Marcia Redmond Treasurer/ Secretary: Nan McKay, 106-689 Woolwich St., Guelph, Ontario, NIH 3Y8 Newsletter: THE BIRDSTONE - Editor: John D. A. MacDonald Fees: Individual $7 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at the Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King Street W., Waterloo. LONDON President: Megan Cook (519) 473-1601 Vice-President: Pat Weatherhead Treasurer: George Connoy Secretary: Lome Sheridan, 55 Centre Street, London, Ontario, N6J 1T4 Newsletter: KEWA - Editor: Tom Arnold Fees: Individual $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Thursday of the month, except June - August, at the Museum of Indian Archaeology. NIAGARA President: Margaret Kalogeropoulos (416) 934-8560 Vice Presidents: Ian Brindle, William Parkins Treasurer/ Secretary: Dave Briggs, PO Box 571, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 6V2 Newsletter: THE THUNDERER - Editor: Jim Pengelly Fees: Individual $10 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Friday of the month at Room H313, Science Complex, Brock University, St. Catharines. OTTAWA President: Helen Armstrong (613) 592-5534 Vice-President: Clive Carruthers Treasurer: Jim Montgomery Secretary: Karen Murchison, 10 Pinetrail Cres., Nepean, Ont. K2G 4P6 Newsletter: THE OTTAWA ARCHAEOLOGIST - Editor: Peggy A. Smyth Fees: Individual $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2nd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at the Victoria Memorial Building, Metcalfe & Mcleod Streets, Ottawa. THUNDER SAY President: Frances Duke (807) 683-5375 Vice-President: George Holbome Treasurer: Secretary: . 331 Hallam St., Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7A lL9 Newsletter: WANIKAN - Editor: A. Hinshelwood Fees: Individual $5 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the last Wednesday of the month, except June - August, in the Board Room, M.C.C., 1825 East Arthur Street, Thunder Bay. TORONTO President: Tony Stapells (416) 962-1136 Vice-President: Duncan Scherberger Treasurer: Greg Purmal Secretary: Annie Gould, 74 Carsbrooke Rd., Etobicoke, Ontario, M9C 3C6 Newsletter: PROFILE - Editors: Jane Sacchetti & Stan Witkowski Fees: Individual $8 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rd Wednesday of the month, except June - August, at Room 561A, Sidney Smith Hall, St. George Street, Toronto. WINDSOR President: Rosemary Denunzio (519) 253-1977 Vice-President: Suzanne Gero Treasurer: Norman Vincent Secretary: Garth Rumble, 454 Tecumseh Rd.,R.R.l, Tecumseh, Ont., N8N 2L9 Newsletter: SQUIRREL COUNTY GAZETTE - Editor: Peter Reid Fees: Individual $5 Meetings: Usually at 7.3Opm on the 2nd Tuesday of the month, except June - August, at Windsor Public Library, 850 Ouellette Ave., Windsor. The Ontario Archaeological Society 126 Willowdale Ave., Willowdale, Ontario M2N 4Y2 (416) 730-0797 secretary Mr. Michael W. Kirby Ms Christine Caroppo Ms Ellen Blaubergs 1225 Avenue Road 142 Glebeholme Blvd. 77 Quebec Ave. #1233 Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario M5N 2G5 M4J 156 M6P 2T4 (416) 484-9358 (416) 466-0460 (416) 767-2393 ~ Mr: Robert G. Mayer Dr. Heather McKillop Rural Route #4 P.O. Box 493 Komoka, Ontario Pon Hope, Ontario NOL lRO LIA 3Z4 (416) 342-3250 (519) 668-2400 Mr. Michael W. Kirby Dr. Peter Reid 1225 Avenue Road University of Windsor Toronto, Ontario Windsor, Ontario M5N 2G5 N9B 3P4 (519) 253-4232 (416) 484-9358 Mr. Charles Garrad 103 Anndale Drive Willow dale, Ontario M2N 2X3 (416) 223-2752 FEES Scientific Journal: ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY Individual: $25 Newsletter: ARCH NOTES Family: $30 Monographs: MONOGRAPHS IN ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGY Institutional: $50 Special Publications: (As advertised) Life: $400 Chapter Fees Extra Ma.v/Jun 1990