Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -1

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I

Time S. No. Topic Switching System Allotted:- 1. Introduction :

The reliability of digital switching systems is becoming increasingly important for users of services. Digital switching systems are comparatively complex 5 min than analog.

2 Division of Topic :

-Basic line circuits in . 35 min - Basic line circuits in - Short haul communication circuits

3. Conclusion :

Most standards have been developed for use by public-carrier data networks. A public data network is a network established and operated by a 5 min national network administration authority specifically for the transmission of data. A fundamental requirement for a PDN is that it should facilitate the interworking of equipment from different manufacturers, which in turn requires agreed standards for access to and use of these networks. After much discussion and experimentation at national and international level, a set of internationally agreed standards have been accepted - these X-series and I-series recommendations include standards for user data signaling rates and user interfaces with such networks.

There are two main types of PDN - circuit switched and packet switched - each 5 min with its own standards. 4 Q. 1 What is Ans. In circuit switching, a caller must first establish a connection to a callee before any communication is possible

Q.2 What is ? Ans. Packet switching introduces the idea of cutting data on a flow into packets which are transmitted over a network without any resource being allocated.

Assignment to be given:-nil

Reference Readings:- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -2

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Long Haul Communication Systems Allotted:- 1. Introduction :

long-haul communications are characterized by (a) higher levels of users, such as the National Command Authority, (b) more stringent performance requirements, such 5 min as higher quality circuits, (c) longer distances between users, including world wide distances, (d) higher traffic volumes and densities, (e) larger switches and trunk cross sections, and (f) fixed and recoverable assets.

2 Division of Topic : - Long haul communication systems - Long haul fibre optic communication systems - Ultimate long distance communication systems. 35 min

3. Conclusion : A promising technology for long-haul transmission is provided by soliton systems. Soliton transmission controlled by sliding frequency guiding filtering enables higher line bit-rates (10-20 Gbit/s), longer amplifier spans (i.e., 63 km), and 5 min substantially longer transmission distances (10-20 mm). The performance of such passively controlled soliton systems is limited by timing jitter (Gordon-Haus effect and interactions). Such a limit can be overcome by in-line optical regeneration, as based on synchronous .

4 Question / Answer . Q. 1 What is long haul communication system? Ans It is that which runs longer distances between users, including world wide 5 min distances,

Q. 2 What is long haul fibre optic communication system Ans. It is the system where optic fibre is implemented.

Assignment to be given:- nil

Reference Readings:- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -3

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I

Time S. No. Topic Statistical Sharing Allotted:- 1. Introduction :

-We coin the term “statistical bandwidth sharing” to denote a form of statistical where the rate of concurrent traffic streams is adjusted automatically to 5 min make optimal use of available bandwidth. Such sharing is achieved with a certain degree of fairness when all users implement TCP. The evaluation of statistical bandwidth sharing performance provides insight into the nature of congestion at flow level and clarifies the scope for quality of service differentiation. Understanding the relation between performance, capacity and traffic demand is also necessary for the development of performance-related network provisioning procedures.

2 Division of topic : 35 min - Statistical Bandwidth Sharing - Statistical Multiplexing - packet mode or packet-oriented communication

3. Conclusion. : Statistical multiplexing normally implies "on-demand" service rather 5 min than one that pre allocates resources for each data stream. Statistical multiplexing schemes do not control user data transmissions.

4 Q. 1 : Define statistical bandwidth sharing 5 min Ans. In statistical multiplexing, a is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bit-rate digital channels or data streams Q.2 Name second type of Bandwidth Sharing

Ans. Dynamic Sharing.

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Reading: :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc.Reference No.: DCE/0/15 Readings:- Revision : 00

Lecture Plan -4

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I

Time S. No. Topic Signaling and Traffic Switching Allotted:- 1. Introduction : Signaling is required to establish a call. Flashing light and ringing devices are used to alert the called party of incoming call and for called party information to operator to establish calls. 5 min

2 Division of Topic : Components of signaling. Telephone Circuit. Basic Telephone components. 35 min

3. Conclusion : Basic Signaling Components • • Receiver 5 min • Electrical network for equalization • Associated circuitry – to control side tone level

– to regulate signal power • Signaling circuitry \ 4 Q. 1 What is signaling ? Ans. It is the process which is required to establish a call on specified route. 5 min Q.2 What are the major components of signaling circuit ? Ans. Transmitter, receiver and associated circuitary are major componenets.

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -5

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Signaling Schemes Allotted:- 1. Introduction : Most of the transmission channels, bandwidth is at a premium, and an important attribute of any good digital signaling scheme is its ability to make efficient use of the bandwidth. Conventional Nyquist-type pulse signaling 5 min schemes, which are designed to eliminate inter- symbol interference, achieve high data rates only at the expense of a large number of signal levels. In many applications, Correlative coding or partial response signaling, which interference in a controlled way, is able to achieve high data rates with fewer levels and hence with better error rate performance.

2 Division of Topic :

- Signaling Schemes 35 min - Common channel Signaling

3. Conclusion : Efficient signaling schemes and receiver designs can exploit CSI at both the transmitter and receiver for wideband frequency selective space–time channels. This 5 min work builds on our earlier results , in which minimum bit-error rate (BER) signaling schemes are derived for single-user system given different types of channel information.

4 Q. 1 What is common channel signaling ? Ans. In telephony, common-channel signaling (CCS) in the US also common-channel interoffice signaling (CCIS), is the transmission of signaling information (control 5 min information) on a separate channel from the data, and, more specifically, where that signaling channel controls multiple data channels. Q. 2 What is advantage of common signaling ? Ans. Faster call set-up time.

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -6

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- II Time S. No. Topic Review of Switching System Allotted:- 1. Introduction :

The was the first example of an electromechanical stepping switch system. It was invented by , and 5 min first patented in 1891. Because of its operational characteristics it is also known as a step-by-step (SXS) switch. The commercial version of the Strowger switch, as developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company, used a for signaling to the exchange. The original final selector (connector) switch which connected to 100 customers was supplemented by preceding group selector stages.

2 Division of topic . 35 min

Strowger Switch Switching system Hierarchy

3. Conclusion : 5 min The range of frequencies used by a communication device determines the communication channel, communicating devices, bandwidth or information carrying capacity. The most commonly used parameter that characterizes an electrical signal is its bandwidth of or bit rate if it is a . In telephone system, the frequencies it passes are restricted to between 300 to 3400 Hz.

4 Question / Answer 5 min . Q. 1 What is advantage of communication system ? Ans. The communication switching system enables the universal connectivity

Q. 2 State the application of communication link Ans. The telecommunication links and switching were mainly designed for voice communication.

Assignment to be given:- Reference Readings :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -7

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit II Time S. No. Topic SPC Switching Allotted:- 1. Introduction : Stored program control exchange (SPC) is the technical name used for telephone exchanges controlled by a computer program stored in the memory of the system. Early exchanges such as Strowger, panel, rotary, and crossbar switches were 5 min electromechanical and had no software control. SPC was invented by a scientist named Erna Schneider Hoover in 1954 who reasoned that computer software could control incoming calls.[1][2][3] SPC was introduced on a small scale in so called electronic switching systems

2 Division of Topic - SPC - Basic call processing - Level 1,2 and 3 controls 35 min - Interface controller

3. Conclusion : Distributed SPC is both more available and more reliable than centralized SPC.

1. Vertical decomposition: :Whole exchange is divided into several blocks and a 3 min processor is assigned to each block. This processor performs all the task related to that specific blocks. Therefore the total control system consists of several control units coupled together. For redundancy purpose processor may be duplicated in each blocks.

2. Horizontal Decomposition: In this type of decomposition each processor performs only one or some exchange function.

5 min 4 Question / Answer . Q. 1 What is vertical decomposition ? Whole exchange is divided into several blocks and a processor is assigned to each block Q.2 What is horizontal decomposition ? Ans. In this type of decomposition each processor performs only one or some exchange function.

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -8

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit - II

Time S. No. Topic Switching Fabric5 Allotted:- 1. Introduction Switching fabric is the combination of hardware and software that moves data coming in to a network out by the correct port (door) to the next node in the network. Switching fabric includes the switching units (individual boxes) in a node, 5 min

the integrated circuits that they contain, and the programming that allows switching

paths to be controlled. The switching fabric is independent of the bus technology and infrastructure used to move data between nodes and also separate from the router.

2 Division of topics - Switching fabric - Single Stage switching network 35 min - Multi Stage switching network

3. Conclusion The term uses a fabric metaphor to suggest the possible complexity and web-like structure of switching paths and ports within a node. The switching fabric typically 3 min includes data buffers and the use of shared memory.

4 Q.1 What are the components of switching fabric ? Ans. Switching fabric includes the switching units (individual boxes) in a node, the integrated circuits that they contain. 5 min Q.2 State any specific feature of switching fabric. Ans The switching fabric is independent of the bus technology and infrastructure used to move data between nodes and also separate from the router.

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -9

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- II

Time S. No. Topic Switch Design Allotted:- 1. Introduction : ST-switch gives high blocking probability (S-switch can develop blocking on an arbitrary bus, e.g. slots from two different buses attempting to flow to a common output) 5 min • TS-switch has low blocking probability, because T-switch allows rearrangement of time-slots so that S-switching can be done blocking free

2 Division of topic: • Two stage switches • Time-Time (TT) switch • Time-Space (TS) switch 35 min • Space-Time (SP) switch Space-Space (SS) switch.

3. Conclusion . Time division switching applied prior to space switching • Incoming time-slots can always be rearranged such that output requests become conflict free for each slot of a frame, provided that the number of requests for each 3 min output is no more than the number of slots in a frame.

4 Q. 1 What are the types of Two stage switches • Time-Time (TT) switch • Time-Space (TS) switch • Space-Time (SP) switch 5 min • Space-Space (SS) switch Ans. State another category of switch Q.2 Define polarization diversity. Ans. Three stage switch

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -10

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- II

Time S. No. Topic Central Proccesor Allotted:- 1. Introduction It controls all the functions of a digital switching. The basic functions are 1. Management of call status 2. Call processing 5 min 3. Signal Control 4. Network Control 5. Maintenance Control

2 Division of topic : - Central Processing - Network Control - Signal Control 35 min

3. Conclusion : The architecture of a modern digital switching system calls for redundancy for most of its subsystems. One of the subsystems which is not duplicated is the line and trunk modules. 5 min

4 Q. 1 State any two functions of central l processor Ans. It occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinging on a object which is very large dimension compared to wavelength of propagating wave Q.2State types of switches 5 min Ans. T switch, Cross switch

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -11

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- III

Time S. No. Topic Traffic Engineering and Tele-Traffic Theory Allotted:- 1. Introduction : The basic objective are: -To ascertain the reliability fig for digital switching system . - To study the switching architecture 5 min -To understand the interaction between hardware and software system.

2 Division of Topic : - Stationary Probability measure - Markov processes - Calculation of blocking probability 35 min

3. Conclusion : Markov system are commonly employed in digital switching system and represent a duplicated architecture. The subsystem operate in parallel and only one is active (in control of its functionality) 5 min

4 Q. 1 State the purpose of reliability analysis? Q.2 What are the system reliability assessment techniques?

5 min

Assignment to be given:- Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -12

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit II

Time S. No. Markov Model in series arrangement Allotted:- 1. Introduction Te side 0 of the subsystem can be further decomposed into 2 component connected in series . In series arrangement the entire side will fail in case of failure of either element. 5 min

2 Division of Topic - Markov Model in series arrangement - Markov model of detection failure - Markov model of coverage failure 35 min -

3. Conclusion: The Markov model is available in series and parallel arrangement. There are various algorithms for solving them. Markov model are also available for diagnostic and recovery failure. 3 min

4 Q. 1 State different types of Markov Model. Q. 2 What is sensit

5 min

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -13

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit IV

Topic:- Data Comm. Networks Time S. No. Allotted:- 1. Introduction A data network is an electronic communications process that allows for the orderly transmission and reception of data, such as letters, spreadsheets, and other types of documents. What sets this type of network apart from other forms of communication, 5 min such as an audio network, is that it is configured to transmit data only. This is in contrast to the audio or voice network, which is often employed for both voice communications and the transmission of data, such as a facsimile transmission.

2 Division of the Topic - Define PTN - Differentiate between private & public Telephone. - Define Circuit switching. 35 min - Define packet switching. - Brief for Local loop and trunk circuits. -

3. Conclusion

PTN accommodates two types , public & private. Leased lines are private networks. Public networks are generally referred as service providers. 5 min

4 Q1- What is PTN ? A1- It is network connecting several links resulting in single entity. Q2- What are types of PTN ? A2- . Private & Public are the types of PTN. 5 min

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -14

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit III

Time S. No. Topic:- Protocols Allotted:- 1. Introduction Open System (OSI) model is an ISO standard that allows any two different systems to communicate without requiring to the logic of the underlying hardware and software. It is not a protocol; it is a model for understanding and 5 min designing a network architecture that is flexible, robust, and interoperable. It is a layered framework that allows for communication across all types of computer systems.

2 Division of the Topic - OSI. - Data transmission modes. - Asynchronous protocols 35 min - Synchronous protocols - `Public Data Network.

3. Conclusion The seven layers of OSI Reference model developed by ISO is ideal and excellent guide to protocols of CCN. It is “Open” to any machine for interconnection to any CCN. Lower layers re hardware oriented whereas higher layers are more software 5 min based

4 Q1- Why do you need for DC? A1- Unlike voice network, CCN operates without human intervention. So it requires rigorous set of rules to ensure proper communication. Q2- How do the different layers perform their functions. 5 min A2- . Each layer adds a header at transmitting end. Corresponding header is then removed at the receiving end to fin the relevant information about the function to be performed.

Assignment to be given:- nil

Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -15

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems Unit IV

Time S. No. Topic Data Communication Protocols Allotted:- 1. Introduction :

A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for

exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and 5 min in . A protocol may have a formal description. Protocols may include signaling, authentication and error detection and correction capabilities. Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to provoke a particular response of the receiver. Thus, a protocol must define the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication; the specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be

implemented..

2 Division of Topic 35 min - Protocols - Types of protocol - Applications

3. Conclusion 5 min

For communication to take place, protocols have to be agreed upon. Recall that in digital computing systems, the rules can be expressed by algorithms and data structures, raising the opportunity of hardware independence. Expressing the algorithms in a portable programming language, makes the protocol software operating system independent. The source code could be considered a protocol specification. This form of specification, however is not suitable for the parties involved. 4 Q. 1 Define Protocol 5 min . Q.2 Why there is need of protocol ?

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -16

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT III

Topic ISDN Time S. No. Allotted:-

1. Introduction Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched . It was first 5 min defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book.[1] Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN).

2 Division of Topic: 35 min ISDN Types of ISDN ISDN Services

3. Conclusion 5 min ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s.

4 Question / Answer 5 min Q.No 1 What is ISDN ?

Q.No2 What are the types of ISDN?

Assignment to be given:- nil

Reference Readings :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -17

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT IV

Time S. No. ISDN Interfaces Allotted:- 1. Introduction There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N- ISDN).and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN). The interface specifies the following 5 min network interfaces: The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a network terminating unit, which is usually the demarcation point in non-North American networks. The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a . The S interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into; the S & T reference points are commonly implemented as a single interface labeled 'S/T' on an Network termination 1 (NT1). The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a device. 35 min

2 Division of Topic ISDN Interfaces Basic Rate Interface Primary Rate Interface

5 min

3. Conclusion Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Reliance Communications and Bharti Airtel are the 5 min largest communication service providers, and offer both ISDN BRI and PRI services across the country. Reliance Communications and Bharti Airtel uses the DLC technology for providing these services. With the introduction of broadband technology, the load on bandwidth is being absorbed by ADSL. ISDN continues to be an important backup network for point-to-point leased line customers such as banks, Eseva Centers,[16] Life Insurance Corporation of India, and SBI ATMs.

4 Question / Answer Q.No`1 What is BRI ? Q.No. 2 What is PRI ?

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings Switching :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -18

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT IV

Time S. No. Topic-Message Handling Systems Allotted:- 1. Introduction Message Handling System (MHS) is an important early email protocol developed by Action Technologies, Inc. (ATI) in 1986. Novell licensed it in 1988 then later bought it. MHS was a very 'open' system, and this, with Novell's encouragement, 5 min made it popular in the early 1990s as a 'glue' between not only the proprietary email systems of the day such as PROFS, SNADS, MCI, 3+Mail, cc:Mail, Para- Mail and Microsoft Mail, but also the competing standards-based SMTP and X.400. By 1996 it was very clear that SMTP over the would take over this role.

2 Division of Topic

Message Handling Systems 35 min Integrated message handling systems. Role as a gateway.

3. Conclusion MH Message Handling System is a free, open source e-mail client. It is different from almost all other mail reading systems in that, instead of a single program, it is made from several different programs which are designed to work from the command 5 min line provided by the shell on Unix-like operating systems. Another difference is that rather than storing multiple messages in a single file, messages each have their own separate file in a special directory. Taken together, these design choices mean that it is very easy and natural to script actions on mail messages using the normal shell scripting tools. A descendant of MH continues to be developed under the name of nmh. 4 Question / Answer What is message handling system? 5 min

How it acts like gateway ?

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings Switching Systems :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -19

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT IV

Time S. No. Intelligent Networks Allotted:- 1. Introduction The Intelligent Network (IN) is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by 5 min providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN and GSM services on mobile phones.The intelligence is provided by network nodes on the service layer, distinct from the switching layer of the core network, as opposed to solutions based on intelligence in the core switches or telephone equipment. The IN nodes are typically owned by telecommunications operators (telecommunications service providers).

IN is supported by the Signaling System #7 (SS7) protocol between telephone network switching centers and other network nodes owned by network operators. 35 min

2 Division of Topic Intelligent Networks Role of Intelligent Network Applications Of Intelligent Networks

5 min

3. Conclusion

While activity in development of IN standards has declined in recent years, there are many systems deployed across the world which use this technology. The architecture has proved to be not only stable, but also a continuing source of revenue with new services added all the time. Manufacturers continue to support the equipment and obsolescence is not an issue. 5 min

4 Question / Answer What is Intelligent Network ? Explain its applications

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Switching :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -20

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT IV

Time S. No. Topic Multi service broadband switching fabrics Allotted:- 1. Introduction

A multi-service platform designed with network processing unit-based line cards and a switch fabric is used to transfer the media streams between the various network 5 min interfaces. The convergence of voice, data, and video onto packet-switched networks is underway as new deployments and traditional communication networks become multi-service platform architectures. Advances in network processor unit (NPU) and switch fabric devices have now made standards-based components available with the processing speed, quality of service (QoS), and programmability necessary to offer a viable alternative to an ASIC implementation for platforms of this type. 2 Division of Topic Multi service broadband switching fabrics Applications 35 min

3. Conclusion As an example illustrating the QoS capability of a standards-based NPU/switch fabric, software tools were utilized to simulate the operation of the network processor 5 min interfaced to a switch fabric made up of a queue manager and crossbar switch. A Diff Serv node was modeled in which the latency of the "integrated" NPU/switch fabric was evaluated for expedite forwarding, per hop behavior (guaranteed delay) as would be used in establishing a SLA for voice traffic.

4 Question / Answer What is multiservice switching fabric ? State its role . 5 min

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings

Switching :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan

Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -21

Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512

Subject:- Switching Systems UNIT IV

Time S. No. Topic ATM Allotted:- 1. Introduction Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is, according to the ATM Forum, "a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, 5 min and video signals,"[1] and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks. It uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing,[2][3] and it encodes data into small, fixed-sized cells. This differs from approaches such as the Internet Protocol or that use variable sized packets or frames.ATM provides layer services that run over a wide range of OSI physical layer links. 2 Division of Topic ATM Functions of ATM 35 min

3. Conclusion ATM has functional similarity with both circuit switched networking and small packet switched networking. It was designed for a network that must handle both traditional high-throughput data traffic (e.g., file transfers), and real-time, low- 5 min latency content such as voice and video. ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.[3] ATM is a core protocol used over the SONET/SDH backbone of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but its use is declining in favour of all IP. 4 Question / Answer What is ATM? 5 min What are its applications ?

Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings

Switching Systems :- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan