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Switching Systems MEEC-512 Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -1 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Switching System Allotted:- 1. Introduction : The reliability of digital switching systems is becoming increasingly important for users of telephone services. Digital switching systems are comparatively complex 5 min than analog. 2 Division of Topic : -Basic line circuits in telephony. 35 min - Basic line circuits in telegraphy - Short haul communication circuits 3. Conclusion : Most Wide Area Network standards have been developed for use by public-carrier data networks. A public data network is a network established and operated by a 5 min national network administration authority specifically for the transmission of data. A fundamental requirement for a PDN is that it should facilitate the interworking of equipment from different manufacturers, which in turn requires agreed standards for access to and use of these networks. After much discussion and experimentation at national and international level, a set of internationally agreed standards have been accepted - these X-series and I-series recommendations include standards for user data signaling rates and user interfaces with such networks. There are two main types of PDN - circuit switched and packet switched - each 5 min with its own standards. 4 Q. 1 What is circuit switching Ans. In circuit switching, a caller must first establish a connection to a callee before any communication is possible Q.2 What is packet switching ? Ans. Packet switching introduces the idea of cutting data on a flow into packets which are transmitted over a network without any resource being allocated. Assignment to be given:-nil Reference Readings:- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -2 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Long Haul Communication Systems Allotted:- 1. Introduction : long-haul communications are characterized by (a) higher levels of users, such as the National Command Authority, (b) more stringent performance requirements, such 5 min as higher quality circuits, (c) longer distances between users, including world wide distances, (d) higher traffic volumes and densities, (e) larger switches and trunk cross sections, and (f) fixed and recoverable assets. 2 Division of Topic : - Long haul communication systems - Long haul fibre optic communication systems - Ultimate long distance communication systems. 35 min 3. Conclusion : A promising technology for long-haul optical fiber transmission is provided by soliton systems. Soliton transmission controlled by sliding frequency guiding filtering enables higher line bit-rates (10-20 Gbit/s), longer amplifier spans (i.e., 63 km), and 5 min substantially longer transmission distances (10-20 mm). The performance of such passively controlled soliton systems is limited by timing jitter (Gordon-Haus effect and interactions). Such a limit can be overcome by in-line optical regeneration, as based on synchronous modulation. 4 Question / Answer . Q. 1 What is long haul communication system? Ans It is that which runs longer distances between users, including world wide 5 min distances, Q. 2 What is long haul fibre optic communication system Ans. It is the system where optic fibre is implemented. Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -3 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Statistical Bandwidth Sharing Allotted:- 1. Introduction : -We coin the term “statistical bandwidth sharing” to denote a form of statistical multiplexing where the rate of concurrent traffic streams is adjusted automatically to 5 min make optimal use of available bandwidth. Such sharing is achieved with a certain degree of fairness when all users implement TCP. The evaluation of statistical bandwidth sharing performance provides insight into the nature of congestion at flow level and clarifies the scope for quality of service differentiation. Understanding the relation between performance, capacity and traffic demand is also necessary for the development of performance-related network provisioning procedures. 2 Division of topic : 35 min - Statistical Bandwidth Sharing - Statistical Multiplexing - packet mode or packet-oriented communication 3. Conclusion. : Statistical multiplexing normally implies "on-demand" service rather 5 min than one that pre allocates resources for each data stream. Statistical multiplexing schemes do not control user data transmissions. 4 Q. 1 : Define statistical bandwidth sharing 5 min Ans. In statistical multiplexing, a communication channel is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bit-rate digital channels or data streams Q.2 Name second type of Bandwidth Sharing Ans. Dynamic Sharing. Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Reading: :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Reference Readings:- Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -4 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Signaling and Traffic Switching Allotted:- 1. Introduction : Signaling is required to establish a call. Flashing light and ringing devices are used to alert the called party of incoming call and for called party information to operator to establish calls. 5 min 2 Division of Topic : Components of signaling. Telephone Circuit. Basic Telephone components. 35 min 3. Conclusion : Basic Signaling Components • Transmitter • Receiver 5 min • Electrical network for equalization • Associated circuitry – to control side tone level – to regulate signal power • Signaling circuitry \ 4 Q. 1 What is signaling ? Ans. It is the process which is required to establish a call on specified route. 5 min Q.2 What are the major components of signaling circuit ? Ans. Transmitter, receiver and associated circuitary are major componenets. Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -5 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- I Time S. No. Topic Signaling Schemes Allotted:- 1. Introduction : Most of the transmission channels, bandwidth is at a premium, and an important attribute of any good digital signaling scheme is its ability to make efficient use of the bandwidth. Conventional Nyquist-type pulse amplitude modulation signaling 5 min schemes, which are designed to eliminate inter- symbol interference, achieve high data rates only at the expense of a large number of signal levels. In many applications, Correlative coding or partial response signaling, which interference in a controlled way, is able to achieve high data rates with fewer levels and hence with better error rate performance. 2 Division of Topic : - Signaling Schemes 35 min - Common channel Signaling 3. Conclusion : Efficient signaling schemes and receiver designs can exploit CSI at both the transmitter and receiver for wideband frequency selective space–time channels. This 5 min work builds on our earlier results , in which minimum bit-error rate (BER) signaling schemes are derived for single-user system given different types of channel information. 4 Q. 1 What is common channel signaling ? Ans. In telephony, common-channel signaling (CCS) in the US also common-channel interoffice signaling (CCIS), is the transmission of signaling information (control 5 min information) on a separate channel from the data, and, more specifically, where that signaling channel controls multiple data channels. Q. 2 What is advantage of common signaling ? Ans. Faster call set-up time. Assignment to be given:- nil Reference Readings:- :- Digital Switching Systems By Syed Ali Telecommunication & Switching Systems By Thyagrajan Doc. No.: DCE/0/15 Revision : 00 Lecture Plan -6 Semester:-MTech II Class:-ECE Course Code:-MEEC - 512 Subject:- Switching Systems Unit:- II Time S. No. Topic Review of Switching System Allotted:- 1. Introduction : The Strowger switch was the first example of an electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system. It was invented by Almon Brown Strowger, and 5 min first patented in 1891. Because of its operational characteristics it is also known as a step-by-step (SXS) switch. The commercial version of the Strowger switch, as developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company, used a rotary dial for signaling to the exchange. The original final selector (connector) switch which connected to 100 customers was supplemented by preceding group selector stages. 2 Division of topic . 35 min Strowger Switch Crossbar Switch Switching system Hierarchy 3. Conclusion : 5 min The range of frequencies used by a communication device determines the communication channel, communicating devices, bandwidth or information carrying capacity. The most commonly used parameter that characterizes an electrical signal is its bandwidth of analog signal or bit rate if it is a digital signal. In telephone system, the frequencies it passes are restricted to between 300 to 3400 Hz. 4 Question / Answer 5 min . Q. 1 What is advantage of communication system ? Ans. The communication switching system
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