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Introduction to Telecommunication Network

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Introduction to Telecommunication Network Pilsung Taegyun AB A Fathur Afif Hari Gary Dhika April Mulya Yusuf AB A A A AB AB AB AB Anin Rizka A B Dion Siska Mirel Hani Airita AB AB AB AB AB www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Stored Program Control Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 3 Week : 8 www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Media Gateway on NGN • Media Gateway (MG) – On Transport plane that connects different type of network – Trunk Gateway, connects packet-based network with trunk network from PSTN or ISDN – Access Gateway, provides services to CPE – Residential Gateway, connects packet-based network with analog network • Signaling Gateway (SG) – Transforming signaling format, ex. SIP SS7 • Media Gateway Controller (MGC) – Control Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway – aka. Soft Switch (call setup for multimedia communication, detect and manage events, and manage media gateway based on configuration) – Use MGCP (MGC Protocol) from ITU-T or Megaco from IETF www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Layers in NGN 4 www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Crossbar Switch • Electro-mechanical switch by using relay contact • Numbers are stored in register to establish a call by activating several relay. This activation is done by marker • Marker will become SPC (Stored Program Control) www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Unit Interface for Digital SPC www.telkomuniversity.ac.id What is SPC? SPC (Stored program control) is: • a telecommunications technology used for telephone exchanges • controlled by a computer program stored in the memory of the switching system • SPC was the enabling technology of electronic switching systems (ESS) developed in the Bell System in the 1950s. source: Wikipedia www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Inside the Digital Local Exchange analog trunk analog DLTU trunk digital trunk termination MDF MDF DLTU unit group DDF DDF switch digital subscriber subscriber DLTU block MUX MUX line line concentrator termination termination switch CAS unit unit block DLTU (DLTU) CCS switch switch block block control control exchange control system Subscriber Concentrator Unit Group Switch Unit www.telkomuniversity.ac.id History SPC • Early exchanges (Strowger and crossbar switches) used analog components (electromechanical switching) without software control • Invented by Bell Labs scientist Erna Schneider Hoover in 1954 • SPC was introduced in electronic switching systems in the 1960s • 101ESS PBX was a transitional switching system in the Bell System • Western Electric 1ESS switch and the AXE telephone exchange by Ericsson were large-scale systems in the public switched telephone network • SPC enabled sophisticated calling features • The addition of time-division multiplexing (TDM) decreased subsystem sizes and dramatically increased the capacity of the telephone network • By the 1980s, SPC technology dominated the telecommunications industry. source: Wikipedia www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Exchange Control System • Consists of CPU and Memory, to control relay switch • CPU could be: – Distributed Control • Vertical Decomposition • Horizontal Decomposition – Centralized Control • Standby Mode • Synchronous Duplex Mode • Load Sharing Mode www.telkomuniversity.ac.id CPU Configuration • Distributed Control, more available and more reliable – Vertical Decomposition, 1 CPU for 1 block of exchange – Horizontal Decomposition, 1 CPU performs 1 function • Centralized Control – Standby Mode, 1 CPU on + 1 CPU standby – Synchronous Duplex Mode, 2 CPU on, provide 2 results to compared – Load Sharing Mode, all CPU on, load is shared in random www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Trunk and Subscriber Line • Trunk: analog or digital • Subscriber: analog (PSTN, PBX) or digital (ISDN BRA, PBX PRA) • Terminating unit should considers: – Varying distance for each subscriber – Signaling message translation – Some subscriber still needs ringing current and power feeding – Features for maintenance and testing www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Subscriber Line Termination Unit Analog SLTU should provides functionalities: • Battery feeding (power supply, ex. to CPE) -48VDC • Over voltage protection (ex. from lightning) • Ringing current (to bell customer) • Supervision (to detect CPE condition) • Coding (encoding and decoding between analog and digital) • Hybrid transformer (conversion from 2-wire to 4-wire) • Channel testing www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Subscriber Line Termination Unit Digital SLTU should provides functionalities: • Transfer non-voice data • Use 64 kbps for data transmission • Use 16 kbps for signaling (CCS) • Consists of NTU (Network Termination Unit) and TA (Terminal Adapter) • Supervision is done at TA www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Single Processor vs. Dual Processor • Availability www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Single Processor vs. Dual Processor www.telkomuniversity.ac.id www.telkomuniversity.ac.id See you on next class www.telkomuniversity.ac.id .
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