Anita Jones

z 2007 IEEE Founders Medal z Director of Defense Research and Engineering at the U.S. Department of Defense from 1993 to 1997 z Fellow of the z Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) z American Association for the Advancement of Science z IEEE z Author of two books and more than 40 papers z U.S. Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service Award z Distinguished Public Service Award z Congressional Record tribute z Augusta Award from the Association for z Lawrence R. Quarles Professor in the Department at the University of Virginia’s School of Engineering and Applied Science Legends in Computing Amy Pearl

Designer and implementer of the Sun Link Service, an open protocol for creating hypertext links between elements of desktop applications

Legends in Computing Programming the Eniac

z Programs were not stored z Every new problem required new connections

Legends in Computing Stephanie Rosenthal

z Computing Research Association Outstanding Female Undergraduate Award, 2007 z research at CMU on social robotics led to two publications. z research on collaborative learning, potential interfaces for use with interactive whiteboards and experiments about issues in collaboration, resulted in a first-authored publication.

Legends in Computing 1950s Assembler Programming Class

This would be so much easier with a computer…

Legends in Computing Elaine Kant

z Founder and president of SciComp z Fellow of the American Association for z Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science z Outstanding Achievement Award in Science/Technology, from University YWCA z U.S. Patent No. 6,173,276, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling and Valuation, with C. Randall. z U.S. Patent No. 6,772,137, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling Using Monte Carlo Simulation, with C. Randall.

Legends in Computing Babbage’s Difference Engine, 1822 Babbage's difference engine No. 2 Finally built in 1991 Could hold 7 numbers of 31 decimal digits Could tabulate 7th degree polynomials

Legends in Computing Tracy Camp

z Co-chair of ACM's Committee on Women in Computing from 1998-2002 z ACM-W liaison to the National Center for Women in Information Technology. z Keynote speaker at the 2006 Australian Women in IT Conference (AusWIT). z Authored over 15 newspaper and magazine articles on Women in Computing published in the N.Y. Times, the Tribune, USA Today, and Scientific American z ACM Distinguished Lecturer z IEEE Senior Member z ACM Distinguished Scientist

Legends in Computing 1890: Hollerith Tabulating System

z Census Counter z Hollerith Tabulating System Was A System Of Machines z Punch, z Tabulator z Sorting Box z Hollerith's Business Joined A Firm That Later Became IBM.

Legends in Computing Anita Borg

Founded the Systers online community in 1987 Co-founded the Celebration of Women in Computing, inspired by the legacy of Navy Admiral Grace Murray Hopper. Founded the Institute for Women and Technology which began new programs, partnerships and initiatives to include women in all aspects of technology. President appointment to the Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technloogy. Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery Board of Directors of the Computing Research Association National Academy of Engineering's Committee for the Celebration of Women in Engineering National Research Council's Committee on Women in Science and Engineering

Legends in Computing 1943-45: Eniac

z Electrical Numerical Integrator And Computer z Built To Compute Ballistics Tables For U.S. Army Artillery During World War II. z 1,000 Times Faster Than Any Existing Device. z External Plug Wires Used To Program The Machine z Principal Designers, J. Presper Eckert And John Mauchley z Cost, About $400,000

Legends in Computing Helen Greiner

Co-founder and chairman of iRobot, a consumer robotics company Ernst and Young New England Entrepreneur of the Year, 2003 Technology Review Magazine "Innovator For The Next Century" DEMO god award at the DEMO conference Worked at NASA jet propulsion laboratory, MIT’s artificial intelligence laboratory.

Legends in Computing Susan Owicki

Researched distributed systems, performance analysis, and trusted systems for electronic commerce.

Legends in Computing ENIAC - Vacuum Tubes

z ENIAC z Used Some 18,000 Vacuum Tubes. z 30 Feet By 50 Feet z Weighed 30 The ENIAC was a decimal Tons machine!

Legends in Computing Telle Whitney

Co-founder of NCWIT President and CEO Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology Founder and VP Malleable Technologies Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference along with Dr. Anita Borg.

Legends in Computing The First Bug - 1947

z A moth stuck in one of the ENIAC components. z Engineers taped it in their logbook

"first actual case of bug being found."

Legends in Computing Maria Klawe

z Fifth (And 1st Woman) President Of Harvey Mudd College z Dean Of The School Of Engineering And Applied Science At . z University Of British Columbia z Head Department Of Computer Science z Vice President Of Student And Academic Services z Dean Of Science z Research Scientist And Manager At IBM Almaden Research Center, In San Jose, California

Legends in Computing Rosa Peter

Founded recursive function theory

Legends in Computing IAS (1946-1952)

z Institute For Advanced Study At Princeton University. z Designed And Directed By . z Cost: Several Used externally stored programs Hundred Thousand that could be loaded and executed. Dollars.

Legends in Computing Frances Bilas Spence

One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC

Legends in Computing Lucy Sanders

z CEO and Co-founder of the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) z Executive in Residence at the ATLAS Institute at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU.) z development and executive positions at AT&T , Bell Labs, and Avaya Labs z Bell Labs Fellow Award z Holds six patents in the communications technology area. z Board Member of Engineering Advisory Council and the Department of Computer Science Advisory Board at CU, the Denver Public Schools Computer Magnet Advisory Board, the Advisory Board for the Women's College Applied Computing Program at the University of Denver, and several corporate boards. z Distinguished Alumni Award from the Department of Engineering at CU z Conference Chair for the 2007 Grace Hopper Conference

Legends in Computing 1949: Core Memory

z Small Ring, Or Core, Of Ferrite (A Ferromagnetic Ceramic) z Magnetically driven spin z One Bit Of Information. z For Almost 15 Years, 'Core' Was The Most Important Memory Device. z The Invention Of Core Memory In Was A Leap Forward In Cost- effectiveness And Reliability.

Legends in Computing Meg Whitman

z President and CEO of eBay z Board of Directors of Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks Animation z worth an estimated $1.5 billion in 2005. z one of only five women on Earth to have been repeatedly ranked among the world's most influential people by Time magazine.

Legends in Computing 1965: PDP8

z Programmed Data Processor z 50,000+ Sold z Cost: $18,000 z Primary Memory: 4K z 12-bit Word Core Memory z Speed: 1.5 Micro-second Cycle Time

Modern computers have a half- billionth second cycle time Legends in Computing Amy Wohl

President and Founder of Wohl Associates consulting firm.

Pioneered office automation and ergonomics

Legends in Computing Fran Allen

Made significant contributions to research

First woman to become an IBM Fellow

Legends in Computing Barbara Liskov

Developed CLU in the 70s, Argus in the 80s, and Theta in the 90s

CLU influenced development of ADTs

Legends in Computing 1960s/70s Card Reader

Card is pre-printed with field layouts

Legends in Computing Kathleen (Kay) McNulty Mauchly Antonelli

One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC

Legends in Computing 1977: Trs-80

z Shack "Trash-80," z 4K Of Memory z Could Not Handle Lowercase Letters z Only Three Error Messages: z "HOW?" z "What" z "Sorry" z Cost Only $400! z Some 55,000 Machines Sold In First Year

Legends in Computing Stephanie Seneff

Research and development of computer speech recognition

Legends in Computing Jean Jennings Bartik

One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC

Legends in Computing 1979: Vic-20

z Processor Speed: 1.0227 Mhz. z ROM: 16kb z RAM: 5kb (3.5kb User Memory) z Expandable To 32kb. z Screen: 22 Columns By 23 Rows. z Sound: 3 Voices Plus White Noise. z Media: Tape Drive

Legends in Computing Alice Burks

One of 75 female "computers" working at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering to perform calculations necessary to create firing and bombing tables

Coauthored numerous articles on ENIAC and the history of computers with her husband, Arthur Burks, a computer scientist who was part of the ENIAC team.

Legends in Computing 1984: Macintosh

z Revolutionary Graphical User Interface (GUI). z A Device Called A Mouse z Pictorial Symbols (Icons) On The Screen. z Select Commands, Call Up Files, Start Programs, Etc. z Original Selling Price: $2,495

Legends in Computing Ada (Lady Lovelace) Byron

Mathematician Patron of Wrote first program that calculated Bernoulli numbers U. S. Department of Defense named language in 1979 in her honor

Legends in Computing Edith Clarke

First woman to earn MSc. Degree from MIT in EE in 1919

Received patent in 1921 for a graphical calculator

First woman to teach engineering at University of Texas, Austin in 1947

Legends in Computing Misha Mahowald

“Neuromorphic” engineering – the application of analog CMOS VLSI technology to the fabrication of analog electronic circuits that emulate real neural systems

Legends in Computing Enigma

z portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. z electro-mechanical rotor machines z variety of different models.

Legends in Computing Ruth Davis

Provided leadership at the National Bureau of Standards

President and Founder of the Pymatuning Group

Legends in Computing Nordon Bombsight

z Mechanical analog computer made up of gyros, motors, gears, mirrors, levers and a telescope. z Determined the exact moment bombs had to be dropped to hit the target accurately. z On later versions would actually fly the plane through the bomb run while coupled to the airplanes controls. z Claimed to be accurate enough to hit a 100 foot circle from and altitude of 21,000 feet (4 miles).

Legends in Computing Jean E. Sammet

First group leader for programmers in the engineering organization of Sperry Gyroscope

One of first to teach computer courses for academic credit

Supervised initial specification and design of COBOL compiler on MOBIDIC

Authored "Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals"

President of ACM in the 1970s

Legends in Computing Ruth Dayhoff

Wrote Information Processing Standards

Wrote about the object-oriented properties of MUMPS

Legends in Computing Whirlwind I

z First computer that z operated in real time z used video displays for output z Led to the Air Force's Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE)

Legends in Computing ENIAC Women

First to program with machine language

First programmers of ENIAC

First “computers” calculating bombing and firing trajectory tables during WWII

Legends in Computing Ruth Lichterman Teitelbaum One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC

Legends in Computing Sage - 1950s to 1980s

z Semi Automatic Ground Environment z automated control system used by NORAD for collecting, tracking and intercepting enemy bomber aircraft z Later versions could automatically direct aircraft to an interception by sending commands directly to the aircraft's autopilot.

Legends in Computing Thelma Estrin

Recognized for her computer contributions to brain research and healthcare technology

Legends in Computing Line Printer

z high speed impact printer z Print speeds of 600 to 1200 lines-per- minute z approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute

Legends in Computing Marilyn Wescoff Meltzer

One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC

Legends in Computing Margaret R. Fox

Electronics engineer in radar at the Naval Research Station in Washington

Chief of the Office of Computer Information in the NBS Institute for Computer Science and Technology

Legends in Computing Circuit boards

z printed circuit boards, or PCBs z connect electronic components using conductive pathways etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non- conductive substrate. z rugged, inexpensive, and highly reliable z higher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to- point constructed circuits

Legends in Computing Adele Goldberg

Led design team for Smalltalk

Worked in creation of first window- and icon-based user interface

Legends in Computing Barbara G. Ryder

Professor of Computer Science at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersy

Worked at Bell Laboratories which developed Unix, C, and pcc.

Legends in Computing

Wrote Manual for the ENIAC which Adele detailed the machine down to its resistors

Her assistant

Legends in Computing Evelyn Boyd Granville

First African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics (Yale,1949)

Developed computer programs used to analyze trajectories in the MercuryProject (first manned U.S. space mission) and in the Apollo Project (sending U.S.astronauts to the moon)

Legends in Computing IBM System/360 -1964

z Mainframe computer system family by IBM z First to make clear distinction between architecture and implementation z Allowed IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different price points

Legends in Computing Madge Griswold

Helped develop the Icon

Legends in Computing Digital Equipment VAX 11-780 – 1970s

z 32-bit computing architecture z orthogonal instruction set (machine language) z virtual addressing z CISC z large number of addressing modes z machine instructions

Legends in Computing

Developed arithmetic expression analyzer, an essential component of the FORTRAN compiler

Legends in Computing Emmy Noether

Researched abstract algebra which provided the foundation for Prolog

Legends in Computing Cray-1 - 1976

z One of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history. z First Cray design to use integrated circuits (ICs). z Each IC contained four "gates", each containing perhaps four transistors. z Total of about 200,000 gates, roughly the same as the Intel 386 of the 1980s.

Legends in Computing Margaret Hamilton

Founded Higher Order and Hamilton Technologies, Inc.

Legends in Computing Cray-2 - 1985

z Vector supercomputer z Fastest machine in the world when it was released z Components were too tightly packed for air cooling, so fluid cooling system was used

Legends in Computing Kim Polese

Driving force behind Java

President and CEO of Marimba, Inc.

Legends in Computing Barbara Hayes-Roth

Author of the Guardian system

Legends in Computing Kathleen Jensen

Co-author of PASCAL User Manual and Report

Legends in Computing Illiac IV - 1976

z High parallelism with up to 256 processors z Commercial failure z Late z Over budget z Outperformed by existing commercial machines like the Cray-1.

Legends in Computing Srinija Srinivasan

Yahoo!’s fifth employee Manages Yahoo! Inc's team of Surfers Responsible for the design and maintenance of Yahoo!'s overall classification and organization scheme Cyc Project, database of human commonsense knowledge

Legends in Computing Frances Snyder (Betty) Holberton

Created first sort-merge generator

Involved in development and standardization of FORTRAN and COBOL

Legends in Computing Xerox Perq & Alto Workstations

z Possible first personal computer or workstation z bit-mapped graphics z mouse z menus z icons z Also networked using local area networking protocol

Legends in Computing Erna Schneider Hoover

Invented a computerized switching system for traffic and received one of the first patents for software ever awarded

Legends in Computing Digital Equipment DEC-10

z Same computer as the PDP-10. z Digital Equipment Corp. changed the name about 1973 z installation included multiple full- size cabinets for z CPU z memory z controllers z networking front ends z magnetic tape z disk drives z line printers z Electrical bill and maintenance costs of thousands of dollars per month

Legends in Computing Grace Murray Hopper

1953: Invented The Compiler Translates English Language Instructions Into Language Of The Target Computer

Major influence in acceptance and standardization of COBOL

Legends in Computing Control Data CDC6600 - 1964

z Mainframe computer z Generally considered to be the first successful supercomputer z World's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969

Legends in Computing Jeannette Wing

z National Science Foundation (NSF) assistant director for Computer Science & and Engineering (CISE) z President's Professor and head of the Computer Science Department in Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science (SCS)

Legends in Computing