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Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine

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Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine PlantsPlants UsedUsed inin MexicanMexican TraditionalTraditional MedicineMedicine Their Application and Effects In Traditional Healing Practices Text by Armando González Stuart, Ph.D. Herbal Research Coordinator UTEP/UT Austin Cooperative Pharmacy Program AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements z We would like to thank Ms Sarah Schoofield, of México Desconocido magazine, for her generous permission to use the beautiful photographs, drawings and maps, which have appeared in various publications of that magazine. z The majority of the photos, drawings, and maps presented here are the work of photographers, artists and scientists including: Abigaíl Aguilar-MS, Lorenzo Armendáriz, Salatiel Barragán, Robert Bye-PhD, André Cabrolier, Rafael Doniz, Ignacio Guevara, Franz Mahler, Ruben Morante, Oscar Pastor Ojeda, Manuel Sarmiento, Nicolás Triedo and Santiago Xolapa. DisclaimerDisclaimer z This presentation is not intended to promote any plant to be used for therapeutic purposes. z It is merely a compilation of herbal use by Mexican Traditional Medicine. z Very few of these plants have ever been studied in depth, so little is known about their efficacy or possible side effects. z Warning: Do not self-medicate with any herb. Consult your health provider first. IntroductionIntroduction z Mexico has a rich tradition of herbal use that predates the European conquest by many centuries z Mexico's medicinal herbal repertoire is one of the world’s most diverse and contains various native plants, as well as many other species introduced from diverse parts of the globe z Approximately 3,000 to 5,000 plants (both native and introduced) are currently used medicinally by 52 different ethnicities throughout the country MedicinalMedicinal PlantsPlants inin MexicoMexico z The Aztec civilization of Mexico was the only one in the New World to record the use of medicinal herbs z They did so in “codices” or catalogues that showed drawings of the plants Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Codices containing information about Aztec medicinal plants were considered “heretical”, and burned by Spanish missionaries CodicesCodices z A few missionaries had the vision of recuperating at least a small portion of this knowledge and reconstructing two codices z One was written, both in Latin and Náhuatl (the Aztec language) and known as the De La Cruz- Badiano Codex z It became the first bilingual publication of the New World (1552) Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine CodicesCodices z These codices were taken to Italy and forgotten for more than 300 years z They were “rediscovered” until the twentieth century z Some of the plants pictured in the codices are still used in the same way today. Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine México’sMéxico’s greatgreat biodiversitybiodiversity z Mexico's rugged landscape includes a great diversity of plants, animals and fungi z Unfortunately, very few Mexican plants have ever been studied in detail regarding their medicinal potential z Deforestation, ill-planned urban expansion, uncontrolled livestock grazing, and desertification are currently threatening Mexico's natural resources, including the survival of various medicinal plants Mexico has a rich diversity of medicinal plants Map courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Some medicinal plants may have a mystical significance in Mexican traditional healing practices Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine The peyote cactus has been used for centuries in various religious ceremonies Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Medicinal plants are used in various types of healing practices throughout Mexico Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Traditional healers view some plants as important spiritual entities Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Drying herbs in the traditional way TheThe MarketplaceMarketplace z In Mexico, marketplaces are important areas of sale and distribution for medicinal herbs z Since before Columbus, markets have provided medicinal plants to people, as well as advice from vendors and healers on how to use them z Whether to instill or break a magic spell, or for direct medicinal purposes to cure a specific disease, herbs are still very important in the lives of millions of people Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Aztec marketplace Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine Modern market in Mexico City MedicinalMedicinal PlantsPlants inin MexicoMexico Traditional Uses and Applications AchioteAchiote,, AnnatoAnnato BixaBixa orellanaorellana -- BixaceaeBixaceae z Measles (ground seeds applied to bath) z Buccal sores (seeds steeped in Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine water, as rinse) z Condiment and food coloring AhuehueteAhuehuete,, SabinoSabino TaxodiumTaxodium mucronatummucronatum -- TaxodiaceaeTaxodiaceae z Burns (bark decoction, poultice) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine z Diarrhea (leaf infusion, as tea) AhuehueteAhuehuete treetree Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine AilAiléé,, BirchBirch AlnusAlnus argutaarguta -- BetulaceaeBetulaceae z Fever z Inflammation z As a poultice to Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine wash wounds AlamoAlamo PlatanusPlatanus lindelianalindeliana PlatanaceaePlatanaceae z Colds (ground leaves with oil applied topically as poultice) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Fractures z Headache AnAnííss TagetesTagetes lucidalucida CavCav.. AsteraeceaeAsteraeceae z Carminative, digestive z Inflammatory, fever z “Empacho”(Stomach upset) z Avoid in pregnancy z Unrelated to European Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine or Star Anise AñAñííll,, IndigoIndigo IndigoferaIndigofera suffruticosasuffruticosa FabaceaeFabaceae z Urinary problems z Constipation z Mange Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Syphilis AnonaAnona AnonaAnona reticulatareticulata AnonaceaeAnonaceae z Boils (leaf infusion as a wash) z Diarrhea (bark decoction as tea) ÁÁrnicarnica deldel papaííss,, FalsaFalsa áárnicarnica HeterothecaHeterotheca inuloidesinuloides -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae z Bruises, contusions (topically) z Tea as gargles for sore throat z Potentially toxic, avoid internal use Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Avoid in pregnancy and lactation z Not to be confused with European arnica, with which it shares some of its applications ““AzafrAzafráánn”,”, ZacatlaxcaleZacatlaxcale CuscutaCuscuta sppspp..-- ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae z Parasitic plant z Purgative internally Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Fright (“susto”) (plant decoction, as bath) BajaBaja tripatripa RivinaRivina humilishumilis -- PhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaceae z “Aire” (Wind) z “Espanto” (Fright) z Rash (prickly heat) z Branch decoction applied externally as body wash Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine BaiborBaiboríínn KallstroemaKallstroema grandifloragrandiflora -- ZygophyllaceaeZygophyllaceae z Fatigue z Fever z Body pains Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Mange BarbascoBarbasco,, CabezaCabeza dede negronegro DioscoreaDioscorea sppspp.. -- DioscoreaceaeDioscoreaceae z Body aches z Menstrual problems z Progesterone source z Rheumatism, aches (rhizome steeped in Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine alcohol, as a rub) z Male contraceptive BarquillaBarquilla RhoeoRhoeo discolordiscolor -- CommelinaceaeCommelinaceae z Fungal infections: roasted leaves, topical z Vaginal infections: leaf infusion douche Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Measles (leaf infusion, orally) BatamoteBatamote BaccharisBaccharis glutinosaglutinosa AsteraceaeAsteraceae z Alopecia z Stomach ache Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Mange z Foot odor BayetillaBayetilla HameliaHamelia patenspatens RubiaceaeRubiaceae z Anti inflammatory z Boils (stem decoction, externally) z Pain relief (topical) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Yellow fever (leaf infusion as tea) BerroBerro NasturtiumNasturtium acuaticumacuaticum BrassicaceaeBrassicaceae z Goiter (iodide ) z Kidney pain z Stomach inflammation (raw) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Tuberculosis (infusion) BretBretóónicanica LepechiniaLepechinia caulescenscaulescens LamiaceaeLamiaceae z Diarrhea z Dysentery (stem decoction) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Gastritis (topical) CabezonaCabezona,, ChapChapúúzz HeleniumHelenium mexicanummexicanum -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae z Colds (pulverized flowerheads as stornutatories; to promote sneezing) z Toxic if ingested Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Avoid use CacaloxCacaloxóóchitlchitl PlumeriaPlumeria rubrarubra ApocynaceaeApocynaceae External application: z Gonorrhea z Warts z Wounds (minor) z Drastic purgative z Avoid internally Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine CahuayoteCahuayote GonolobusGonolobus nigerniger AsclepiadaceaeAsclepiadaceae z Gonorrhea (root decoction) z Efficacy unknown z Avoid during pregnancy and lactation CalagualaCalaguala PhlebodiumPhlebodium aureumaureum PolypodiaceaePolypodiaceae z Tea made from stem z Diarrhea z Gastric ulcers z Kidney pain z Efficacy unknown z Avoid in pregnancy CalderonaCalderona GalphimiaGalphimia glaucaglauca MalpighiaceaeMalpighiaceae z Boils (external application) z Vaginal infections z Wounds z Avoid in pregnancy CandelillaCandelilla EuphorbiaEuphorbia antisyphilliticaantisyphillitica EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae z Used against venereal disease (syphilis) z Cathartic (purgative) z Toothache z Headache Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine z Avoid in pregnancy and
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