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Fiji Informal Settlement Situation Analysis

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Fiji Informal Settlement Situation Analysis PEOPLE’S COMMUNITY NETWORK FIJI INFORMAL SETTLEMENT SITUATION ANALYSIS Women of Nawajikuma settlement (Nadi) show flood affected areas and identify solutions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Fiji Informal Settlement Situation Analysis was prepared by the People’s Community Network with support of the Ministry of Local Government, Housing, Environment, Infrastructure and Transport (MLGEIT) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme under the Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme, an Initiative of the ACP Secretariat, funded by the European Union . The research was undertaken with the time and input of close to 550 residents of informal settlements across Fiji. We wish to thank them for their time, efforts and contributions towards this report. Fieldwork for this project was undertaken by the People’s Community Network staff including, Kasanita Ratulevu, Melania Erenavula, Metuisela Usa, Sereana Rokotuiviwa, Sereima Vakaidia, Tevita Qio, Lepani Cakau, with the assistance of Danny Southcombe and Ian Hay. Constructive inputs provided by PCN management, Semiti Qalowasa, Fr Kevin Barr and Savu Tawake, MLGEIT staff including, Kolinio S.L. Bola and Mere Rayawa and from Bernhard Barth and Katja Dietrich, UN- Habitat. Report prepared by: Ian Hay and Danny Southcombe: Research and Planning Consultants Final report dated: 02/09/16 UN Habitat PSUP Phase II Settlement Situation Analysis Final Report – People’s Community Network i TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Objectives of SSA ................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 6 2 Urbanisation and informal settlements in Fiji ................................................................................ 8 2.1 Context of urbanization in Fiji ................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1 Overall demographic trends, socio-economic conditions and development .................... 8 2.2 Informal settlements: typologies, growth, and scale ............................................................ 10 2.2.1 Drivers for informal settlement growth .......................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Types of informal settlement growth ............................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Estimating informal settlement numbers ....................................................................... 13 2.3 Profile cities and towns ........................................................................................................ 17 3 Citywide situation analysis .......................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Citywide urban analysis ....................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Citywide settlement analysis ............................................................................................... 25 4 Settlement-level situation analysis .............................................................................................. 29 4.1 Land and population ............................................................................................................ 29 4.2 Land, tenure and community governance ............................................................................ 30 4.3 Housing ............................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Household and dwelling characteristics ........................................................................ 32 4.3.2 Dwelling size, occupancy and cost ............................................................................... 33 4.4 Infrastructure, services and environment ............................................................................. 35 4.5 Socio-economic ................................................................................................................... 37 4.5.1 Income and economic activity ...................................................................................... 37 4.5.2 Residence and future plans .......................................................................................... 39 5 Settlement profiles...................................................................................................................... 41 5.1 Key emerging community priorities ...................................................................................... 41 6 Typologies of settlements ........................................................................................................... 64 6.1 UN Habitat: Settlement typology ......................................................................................... 64 6.2 Human rights: key shelter deprivations ................................................................................ 66 6.3 Rapid climate vulnerability assessment. .............................................................................. 67 7 Key findings and options for action ............................................................................................. 70 UN Habitat PSUP Phase II Settlement Situation Analysis Final Report – People’s Community Network ii 7.1 Summary of key findings and conclusions ........................................................................... 70 7.2 Options for action ................................................................................................................ 74 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 77 8 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 80 A. Appendix A Definitions and terms ............................................................................................... 80 B. Appendix B: Land ownership, tenure and community organization typology ............................... 84 B.1. Land ownership and tenure .................................................................................................... 84 B.2. Community governance and organization ............................................................................... 85 C. Appendix C: Citywide data ...................................................................................................... 87 C.1. Citywide data comparison tables ............................................................................................ 87 C.2. Settlement-level data comparison tables ................................................................................ 88 D. Appendix D: Settlement list ..................................................................................................... 91 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................................... 94 UN Habitat PSUP Phase II Settlement Situation Analysis Final Report – People’s Community Network iii Abbreviations used in this report ADB Asian Development Bank CBO Community Based Organisation CDIA Cities Development Institute for Asia DTCP Fiji Department of Town and Country Planning FBoS Fiji Bureau of Statistics FEA Fiji Energy Authority FLIS Fiji Lands Information Service FRA Fiji Roads Authority GoF Government of Fiji GSUA Greater Suva Urban Area iTLTB iTaukei Lands Trust Board MDG Millenium Development Goals MLGHEIT Ministry of Local Government, Housing, Environment, Infrastructure and Transport NGO Non-government organisation PCN People’s Community Network PCRAFI Pacific Catastrophe Risk Analysis and Financing Initiative PSUP Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme SSA Settlement Situation Analysis UN ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for the Asia Pacific UN Habitat PSUP Phase II Settlement Situation Analysis Final Report – People’s Community Network iv Executive summary Fiji is the first Melanesian country to cross the strategic objectives and outcomes and provide symbolic demographic milestone of more than the evidence base for the development of a Fiji 50% of the population residing in cities and Informal Settlements Upgrading Strategy. towns. Yet, informal settlements have been a major feature of Fijian urban life for at least 40 The methodology for this project included: years. Close to 20% of the urban population lives Identification of and collation of data held by in settlements with diverse range of physical, key agencies, legal and social conditions that often do not meet collection and analysis of spatial, social, basic human rights, are highly vulnerable to economic data citywide and in informal climate change impacts, and represent the settlements through household surveys, extremes of poverty and social exclusion in Fiji. community mapping and site observation This Settlement Situation Analysis (SSA) report
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