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A Survey of the Subsistence and Artisanal Fisheries in Rural Areas of Viti Levu, Fiji Northern Division ~

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A Survey of the Subsistence and Artisanal Fisheries in Rural Areas of Viti Levu, Fiji Northern Division ~ A Survey of the Subsistence and Artisanal Fisheries in Rural Areas of Viti Levu, Fiji Northern Division ~ M VlTl LEVU % + C I 2. : - LAUTOKA >x\x-*~+ a, *NADI *I CI ', GROUP S- t -----" NA SOF x - - ,.Y Eastern Division I Western Division , Map of Fiji showing central, western, northern, and eastern divisions A Survey of the Subsistence and Artisanal Fisheries in Rural Areas of Viti Levu, Fiji N.J.F. Rawlinson, D.A. Milton, S.J.M. Blaber, A. Sesewa, and S.P. Sharma Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Suva, Fiji Division of Fisheries, CSIRO, Cleveland, Australia The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR Monograph Series This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. @Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Rawlinson, N.J.F., Milton, D.A., Blaber, S.J.M., Sesewa, A., and Sharma, S.P. A survey of the sl~bsistenceand artisanal fisheries in rural areas of Viti Levu, Fiji. ACIAR Monograph No. 35, 138p. ISBN 1 863 20 142 4 Technical editing, typesetting and layout by Arawang Information Bureau, Canberra, Australia Printed by Goanna Print Pty Ltd, Canberra Contents Summary 1 1. Introduction 4 Involvement of CSlROlAClAR lntroduction Definitions Objectives 2. Methods 6 Questionnaire Survey Design of questionnaire form Selection of sites Household sampling strategy Selection of villages and settlements Example Interviews Data processing Creel Survey Sampling methods General description of creel survey sites Fish Consumption Survey 3. Survey Results 14 Questionnaire Survey General Survey coverage Household composition Results 'The importance of the sale of marine products as a source of income The frequency of fishing activities and the average length of the fishing trips The main fishing techniques being used and the people who are using them The main habitat areas for fishing The potential fishing power of families based on establishing their fishing assets A list of marine products that are being utilised including the main fish groups Marine product consumption Creel Survey Fish Consumption Survey 4. Verification of Questionnaire Survey Data 37 Fishing Effort Numbers of people fishing Length of fishing trips Habitats Fishing Methods Target Species Conclusion 5. Fishing Activities in the Different Habitats 45 Rivers and Estuaries Questionnaire survey Creel survey Lagoon Questionnaire survey Creel survey Subsistence and artisanal fisheries in Fui v Mangroves Questionnaire survey Creel survey Fringing Reef Questionnaire survey Creel survey Distant Areas Questionnaire survey Discussion Comparisons of fishing activity in major habitats Catch rates Role of women in fisheries 6. Fish Consumption Survey Importance of Fish Consumption Fish Consumption Major Species 7. Comparisons with Outer Islands Study Household Size Source of Income Numbers of Households Involved in Fishing Number of People Involved in Fishing Frequency of Fishing Effort Fishing Methods Fishing Assets Habitat Areas Target Species 8. Total estimates of fishing effort and catch Estimation of Effort Example of application of adjustment factors Estimation of Catch Estimation of Total Effort for Rural Viti Levu Recommendations References Attachment A. Field manual Attachment B. List of villages and settlements randomly selected to be interviewed Attachment C. Creel survey form Attachment D. Fish consumption form Attachment E. List of species reported in catches with Fijian names vi Rawlinson et al. List of Tables Table 1. The nuniber of villages, houses and people living in each stratum on Vitl Levu. Table 2. Number of houses to be interviewed by stratum calculated using the formulae of Cochran (1977). Table 3. Length-weight relationships for the fish species important in the subslstence and artisanal fisheries during the survey. Table 4. Target and actual number of houses interviewed. Table 5. The number of houses and population slzes surveyed by stratum in Viti Levu and their composition. Table 6. The number of houses and population sizes surveyed by stratum and race in Viti Levu. Table 7. The estimated household and population coverage of the surl~eyarea broken down by stratum. Table 8. The mean number of people per household and the family composition of interviewed households of each ethnic group in each stratum. Table 9. Household activities reported by respondents to provide a source of income. Table 10. The reported frequency that households sell marine products as a percentage of the households involved. Table 11. The percentage of households reporting to sell particular marine products. Table 12. The percentage of households in each stratum reporting to sell various rnarlne products. Table 13. The percentage of households of the main ethnlc groups that reported selling particular marine products. Table 14. The percentage of Fljlan households in each stratum that reported selling particular marine products Table 15. The percentage of Indian households in each stratum that reported selling particular marine products. Table 16. Nurnber of fishing households classified by their activities as subsistence, artisanal or corrlrnerclal fishing unlts. Table 17. Number of Fijian fishing households classified by their activities as subsistence, artisanal or comniercial fishing units. Table 18. Number of Indian fishing households classified by their activities as subs~stence,artisanal or commercial fishing units. Table 19. The reported age and sex of fishers and their frequency of flshing. Table 20. The age and sex of Fijians reporting to undertake fishing activities. Table 21. The age and sex of Indians reporting to undertake fishing actlv~ties. Table 22. The mean number of people per household of each ethnic group in each stratum who were reported as actlvely fishing. Table 23. The reported frequency of fishing trips by active fishers of each ethnic group and the overall number of houses that reported fishing. Table 24. The mean number of adult males per household of each ethnic group in each stratum who reported making subsistence and artisanal fishing trips. Table 25. The mean number of adult females per household of each ethr~ic group In each stratum who reported rnaking subsistence and artisanal fishing trips. Table 26. The mean number of male children per household of each ethnic group in each stratum who reported rnak~ngsubsistence and artisanal frshlng trips. Table 27. The mean number of female chlldren per household of each ethr~ic grolip in each stratum who reported n;aking subsistence and artisanal fishing trips. Table 28. The total number of households reportlng owning at least one item of flshing gear, the total number of each type owned, and the mean r~umberowned for households reportlng to possess at least one type Table 29. The total number of households, maxirum number of boats per household. and !he ?otal number of boats of that !ype reported by all Fijian and lridian hoirseholds surveyed. Subsistence and artisanal fisheries in Fiji vii Table 30. The number of households, maximum number of boats per household and the total number of boats in a stratum reported during .the questionnaire survey. 29 Table 31. The frequency of reported target species in estuaries and rivers. 30 Table 32. The frequency of reported target species along the shoreline, based on the results of the questionnaire survey. 30 Table 33. The frequency of reported target species from inside the lagoon (shallow water el0 m.) based on the results of the questionnaire survey. 3 1 Table 34. The frequency of reported target species from inside the lagoon (deep water > 10 m.) based on the results of the questionnaire survey. 3 1 Table 35. The frequency of reported target species from mangrove areas, based on the results of questionnaire survey. 32 Table 36. The frequency of reported target species from fringing reefs. 32 Table 37. List of the reported target species from outside the edge of the outer reef. 33 Table 38. The frequency of reported target species from distant areas (based on the results of the questionnaire survey). 33 Table 39 Number of trips, mean number of people, total number of people for fishing trips with males only, females only, trips with combinations of males and females, all trips, and the trip length and number of fisher hours for each village surveyed. 36 Table 40. Numbers of households, people, adult males, adult females, child males and child females who were represented during the course of the questionnaire survey, reported in the 1986 census including the estimated division by age and sex groupings based on the results from the questionnaire, reported fishing in the questionnaire survey, and estimated to be fishing for the four villages visited during the creel surveys. 37 Table 41. Reported and estimated frequency of fishing effort by age and sex groupings for Namatakula with estimated number of people fishing on a weekly basis. 38 Table 42. Reported and estimated frequency of fishing effort by age and sex groupings for Namuaimada with estimated number of people fishing on a weekly basis. 38 Table 43. Reported and estimated frequency of fishing effort by age and sex groupings for Ucunivanua with estimated number of people fishing on a weekly basis. 38 Table 44. Reported and estimated frequency of fishing effort by age and sex groupings for Votua with estimated number of people fishing on a weekly basis. 39 Table 45. Comparison of estimated weekly effort in terms of number of people reporting to go fishing from questionnaire data and the observed number of people fishing during the creel survey.
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