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Porovnanie Architektúr Intel Atom a VIA Nano

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Porovnanie Architektúr Intel Atom a VIA Nano Porovnanie architektúr Intel Atom a VIA Nano Michal Prílepok (pri156) Obsah Obsah.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Intel Atom ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Safe Instruction Recognition ....................................................................................................... 3 Rozdelenie procesorov Intel Atom ............................................................................................... 4 Napájacie profily ......................................................................................................................... 4 Bloková schéma procesora .......................................................................................................... 5 Bloková schéma architektúry Intel Atom pre nettop..................................................................... 6 Via Nano ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Rozdelenie procesorov VIA Nano ............................................................................................... 7 Architektúra ................................................................................................................................ 8 Blokový diagram procesora ......................................................................................................... 9 Použitá literatúra ........................................................................................................................... 10 Intel Atom Intel Atom je znaþka procesorov firmy Intel patriaca do rodiny x86 a x86-64. Oficiálne bola predstavená v marci tohto roku. Vývoj procesoru bol oznámený 18. apríla 2007 na INTEL DEVELOPER FORUM v Pekingu. Atomy s jadrom Silverthorne boli uvedené do predaja 2. apríla 2008 a 3. júna s jadrom Diamondville. Atom bol vyvíjaný pre mobilné zariadenia – MID (mobile internet device), nettop a netbook, predovšetkým s dôrazom na þo najnižšiu spotrebu pri dostaþujúcom výkone a zachovaní kompatibility s platformou x86. Podpora platformy x86 umožĖuje spúšĢDĢ a používaĢ aplikácie, na ktoré sú užívatelia zvyknutí z klasických poþítaþov. Procesory s jadrom Silverthorne sú urþené pre najmenšie ultraprenosné zariadenia, o nieþo nároþnejšia verzia s jadrom Diamondville je urþená napríklad pre lacné stolové poþítaþe (tzv. nettopy, þo sú stolové varianty netbookov) a netbooky. Procesory s jadrom Diamondville budú dostupné i v dvojjadrovej variante (Intel Atom 330). Na výrobu sa používa 45 nm výrobný proces, ktorý je známy z poslednej generácie Core 2 z rodiny Penryn. V procesoroch s jadrom Silverthorne má byĢ 47 212 207 tranzistorov, z toho 30,6 zaberá L2 Cache. Pri miniaturizácii Intel oprášil spracovanie inštrukcií in-order (v poradí), ktorého architektúra je menej nároþná na poþet tranzistorov oproti spracovaniu inštrukcií out-of-odrer (umožĖuje procesoru odhadnúĢ a rozhodnúĢ, ktoré inštrukcie majú byĢ prednostne spracované). Túto architektúru naposledy Intel použil pri prvých Pentiách Pro. Do tejto architektúry bol pridaný algorytmus Safe Instruction Recognition (SIR), ktorý vo veĐmi špecifických prípadoch dovolí spracovanie inštrukcií mimo poradia. Väþšina modelov rady Atom disponuje technológiou Hyper- Threading (HT) známej z Pentií 4, kde sa jedno jadro javí operaþnému systému ako 2 logické procesory a dokáže spracovaĢ 2 inštrukcie zároveĖ. Najmä pri spracovaní in-order architektúry HT prinesie výkonové zisky. Atom vychádza z návrhu Core architektúry, ale je prispôsobený pre þo najmenšiu spotrebu, ktorej padlo za obeĢ druhé jadro a niektoré inštrukþné sady napr. SSE 4.1. K dispozícií sú tieto inštrukþné sady: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 aj SSSE3. Niektoré modely vedia virtualizáciu a XD bit. 9ćaka 45 nm výrobnému procesu a technológii Enhanced Intel Speed Step (EIST - dynamická zmena taktu procesora) nepresiahne spotreba 2 W, výrobná technológia dimenzuje TDP na výkon 4W. Safe Instruction Recognition Jedným z najväþších nedostatkov spracovania inštrukcií in-order (v poradí) je þakanie na vykonanie inštrukcií v pohyblivej þiarke s vysokou latenciou. Tento problém sa pokúša riešiĢ technológia Safe Instruction Recognition (SIR). Ak Atom vykonáva inštrukciu v pohyblivej þiarke s dlhou latenciou nasledovanú inštrukciu v pevnej þiarke s krátkou latenciou, obyþajne vykonávanie ćalších inštrukcií pozastaví po dobu vykonania prvej inštrukcie. SIR algoritmus kontroluje dátovú závislosĢ dvoch nasledujúcich inštrukcií (napr. C = A + B nasledované D = C + F). Ak sa medzi týmito inštrukciami nenachádza dátová závislosĢ, Atom umožní spracovanie „mladšej“ inštrukcie s kratšou latenciou pred dlhšou inštrukciou v pohyblivej þiarke. Rozdelenie procesorov Intel Atom Atom Z5xx Atom N270 Atom 230 Atom 330 Jadro Silverthorne Diamondville Diamondville Diamondville Platforma MID Netbook Nettop Nettop Jadrá/ vlákna 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 2/ 4 L1 Dáta 24 KB 24 KB 24 KB 2 x 24 KB L1 Inštrukcie 32 KB 32 KB 32 KB 2 x 32 KB L2 512 KB 512 KB 512 KB 2 x 512 KB FSB 400/ 533 MHz 533 MHz 533 MHz 533 MHz 64 Bit áno áno áno áno Inštrukcie MMX, SSE, MMX, SSE, MMX, SSE, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE2, SSE3, SSE2, SSE3, SSE2, SSE3, SSE3, SSSE3 SSSE3 SSSE3 SSSE3 HT áno (niektoré áno áno áno modely) Virtualizácia Áno Nie Nie Nie Úspora C1E, Speedstep C1E, Speedstep nie C1E XD bit Áno Áno áno ? Napájacie profily K lepšej úspore energie pribudla v Atome podpora napájacieho profilu C6. V tomto profile je vypnuté prakticky celé jadro a obsah pamätí þipu je uložený do vyhradenej þasti, z ktorej sa po opätovnom zapnutí skopíruje späĢ. Bloková schéma procesora Bloková schéma architektúry Intel Atom pre nettop Via Nano VIA Nano sú 64bitové procesory od spoloþnosti VIA Technologies urþené do mobilných zariadení vyžadujúcich nízku spotrebu energie (napríklad netbooky). Boli oznámené pod kódovým menom Isaiah v roku 2004 a uvedené na trh v máji 2008 ako konkurencia procesoru Intel Atom. Pri výrobe je použitý 65 nm výrobný proces. Zo staršieho modelu C7 bola prevzatá a vylepšená technológia úspory energie Adaptive PowerSaver Technology, hašovacie a šifrovacie technológie PadLock. V Adaptive PowerSaver Technologyp pribudol napájací profil „C6“ známy od Intelu. VIA PadLock Security Engine zahrĖuje okrem NX bitu (dostupný aj pri konkurencii) aj hardvérové šifrovanie, dva generátory náhodných þísel, podporu AES šifrovania a SHA-1 SHA-256 hashovacích funkcií. Procesory VIA Nano sa delia na dve línie - L a U. Línia L je urþená pre mainstream desktopy a mobilné poþítaþe a to v rozmedzí 1,6 – 1,8 Ghz s maximálnym odberom 25W. Druhá línia U je urþená pre ultramobilné zariadenia v rozmedzí je 1,0 - 1,3 Ghz so spotrebou len do 8 W. Procesory Nano pracujú na zbernici FSB s frekvenciou 800Mhz. VeĐkosĢ pamäte L1 cache pamäti je 64 KB pre inštrukcie a dáta, L2 cache je až 1MB. Podporované sú inštrukþné sady MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3. Nechýba ani virtualizácia kompatibilná s Intelom. VIA Nano je pinovo kompatibilný s VIA C7 procesorom, þo umožĖuje výrobcom hladký prechod, lebo môžu vo výrobe len vymeniĢ procesor C7 za Nano. Rozdelenie procesorov VIA Nano Model Takt TDP Spotreba v kĐude L2100 1,8 GHz 25 W 500 mW L2200 1,6 GHz 17 W 100 mW U2400 1,3+ GHz 8 W 100 mW U2500 1,2 GHz 6,8 W 100 mW U2300 1,0 GHz 5 W 100 mW Architektúra Blokový diagram procesora Použitá literatúra http://www.anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/intel/showdoc.aspx?i=3276&p=8 http://www.svethardware.cz/art_doc-D40FCC727CF84FE9C12574B100601A99.html http://www.zive.cz/Clanky/Intel-Atom-levna-a-usporna-platforma-podrobne/sc-3-a- 141141/default.aspx http://www.hardware.sk/clanok-1499/via-nano http://www.cdr.cz/a/24453 http://www.cdr.cz/a/23423 http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/processors/nano/.
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