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Nadzor in Zasebnost V Informacijski Družbi Matej Kovačič NADZOR IN ZASEBNOST V INFORMACIJSKI DRUŽBI Filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu Znanstvena knjižnica Fakulteta za družbene vede Ljubljana, 2006 Matej Kovačič NADZOR IN ZASEBNOST V INFORMACIJSKI DRUŽBI Filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu Izdajatelj: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede Kardeljeva ploščad 5, Ljubljana Zbirka: Znanstvena knjižnica 55 Urednik: dr. Niko Toš Uredniški odbor: dr. Vlado Benko, dr. Zdenko Roter, dr. Tomo Korošec, dr. Vlado Miheljak, dr. Niko Toš Recenzenta: dr. Slavko Splichal dr. Alenka Šelih Likovna oprema: Polona Mesec-Kurdija Lektura: Dora Mali CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 342.721:004.738.5 004.738.5 KOVAČIČ, Matej, 1974- Nadzor in zasebnost v informacijski družbi [Elektronski vir] : filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu / Matej Kovačič. - Ljubljana : Fakulteta za družbene vede, 2006. - (Znanstvena knjižnica / Fakulteta za družbene vede ; 55) Način dostopa (URL): http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/eknjige/EK_Kovacic_2006_Nadzor.pdf . - Opis temelji na verziji z dne 19.12.2006 ISBN-10 961-235-261-5 ISBN-13 978-961-235-261-5 230725632 Knjigo je sofinancirala Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije. Knjiga je izdana pod Creative Commons licenco: “Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 2.5 Slovenija”. Celotno pravno besedilo licence je dostopno na spletni strani: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/2.5/si/legalcode>, ali na poštnem naslovu: Inštitut za intelektualno lastnino, Streliška 1, 1000 Ljubljana. KAZALO KAZALO ............................................................................................................................................ 3 PREDGOVOR .................................................................................................................................... 7 ZASEBNOST ................................................................................................................................... 11 Nastanek sodobne zasebnosti: od polja prisile do polja svobode ........................................... 13 Oženje zasebne sfere: nastanek socialnega ............................................................................... 15 Zasebnost v množični družbi ..................................................................................................... 16 Oženje zasebne sfere kot način politizacije konfliktov ............................................................ 18 Pomen zasebne sfere ................................................................................................................... 19 NADZOROVANJE .......................................................................................................................... 22 Panoptikon .................................................................................................................................... 22 Panoptikon in disciplinarna oblast ............................................................................................. 24 Biopolitika: od oblasti, ki je usmrtila, do oblasti, ki omogoča življenje .................................. 25 Družba nadzora ............................................................................................................................ 27 Tehnologija nadzorovanja ............................................................................................................ 28 Nadzor državljana in nadzor potrošnika .................................................................................... 31 Ambivalentnost nadzora: nadzor oblasti ................................................................................... 33 Možnosti osvoboditve v družbi nadzora? ................................................................................... 35 PRAVICA DO ZASEBNOSTI ........................................................................................................ 37 Izvor pravice do zasebnosti ......................................................................................................... 38 Problem definicije pravice do zasebnosti ................................................................................... 39 Pravica do zasebnosti in svoboda ter avtonomija ...................................................................... 41 Medosebni vidik pravice do zasebnosti ...................................................................................... 42 Pravica do zasebnosti in pravica do umika v samoto ter nadzor nad publiciteto .................. 43 Pravica do zasebnosti in meje tajnosti podatkov ....................................................................... 44 Dimenzije pravice do zasebnosti ................................................................................................ 45 Vpliv tehnoloških sprememb na razvoj pravice do zasebnosti ................................................. 46 Vpliv družbenih sprememb na razvoj pravice do zasebnosti ................................................... 48 Razvojni temelji pravice do zasebnosti ...................................................................................... 49 Koncipiranje pravice do zasebnosti v ZDA kot lastninske pravice .......................................... 50 Načelo upravičenega pričakovanja zasebnosti ........................................................................... 52 Pravica do zasebnosti v ZDA ...................................................................................................... 55 Ustavni temelji pravice do zasebnosti v ZDA .....................................................................................55 Pravica do zasebnosti v ZDA na delovnem mestu ............................................................................58 Varstvo informacijske zasebnosti v ZDA v zasebnem sektorju ........................................................62 Obdelava in izmenjava osebnih podatkov v ZDA – nove grožnje zasebnosti ...............................67 Pravica do zasebnosti v Evropi ................................................................................................... 71 Varstvo informacijske zasebnosti v Evropi ..........................................................................................74 Vpliv direktiv EU na varstvo informacijske zasebnosti v Evropi .....................................................78 Iznos osebnih podatkov iz Evropske unije v ZDA .............................................................................79 Komunikacijska zasebnost v Evropi ........................................................................................... 81 Zasebnost na delovnem mestu .................................................................................................... 85 Boj za pravico do zasebnosti ....................................................................................................... 88 KRIPTOGRAFIJA IN GIBANJE ZA ELEKTRONSKO ZASEBNOST .................................. 91 Kriptografija .................................................................................................................................. 91 Nastanek javno dostopne kriptografije ...................................................................................... 93 Pomen kriptografije ...................................................................................................................... 95 Vojna ameriške vlade proti kriptografiji in elektronski zasebnosti .......................................... 97 DES ..........................................................................................................................................................97 Omejevanje svobode govora ..................................................................................................................99 Finančni pritiski na raziskovalce ...................................................................................................... 100 Omejevanje patentiranja .................................................................................................................... 102 Omejevanje izvoza kriptografskih izdelkov ..................................................................................... 102 Vsiljevanje kriptografskih standardov in sistem depozita šifrirnih ključev ................................ 104 Mednarodni poskusi omejevanja kriptografije ........................................................................ 107 Wassenaarski sporazum ..................................................................................................................... 108 Kriptografske smernice OECD .......................................................................................................... 109 Svet Evrope ........................................................................................................................................... 109 Vrnitev k izvoru problema: zagotavljanje možnosti za nadzorovanje .................................... 110 Operacija ‘Root Canal’ in vgrajevanje ‘stranskih vrat’ ...................................................................110 Carnivore ...............................................................................................................................................115 Izogibanje kriptografski zaščiti ..........................................................................................................121
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