The Dynamics of Cyber Conflict Between Rival Antagonists
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Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress
Order Code RL32114 Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Updated January 29, 2008 Clay Wilson Specialist in Technology and National Security Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Summary Cybercrime is becoming more organized and established as a transnational business. High technology online skills are now available for rent to a variety of customers, possibly including nation states, or individuals and groups that could secretly represent terrorist groups. The increased use of automated attack tools by cybercriminals has overwhelmed some current methodologies used for tracking Internet cyberattacks, and vulnerabilities of the U.S. critical infrastructure, which are acknowledged openly in publications, could possibly attract cyberattacks to extort money, or damage the U.S. economy to affect national security. In April and May 2007, NATO and the United States sent computer security experts to Estonia to help that nation recover from cyberattacks directed against government computer systems, and to analyze the methods used and determine the source of the attacks.1 Some security experts suspect that political protestors may have rented the services of cybercriminals, possibly a large network of infected PCs, called a “botnet,” to help disrupt the computer systems of the Estonian government. DOD officials have also indicated that similar cyberattacks from individuals and countries targeting economic, -
Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 97 Article 2 Issue 2 Winter Winter 2007 At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W. Brenner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Susan W. Brenner, At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare, 97 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 379 (2006-2007) This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/07/9702-0379 THE JOURNALOF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 97. No. 2 Copyright 0 2007 by NorthwesternUniversity. Schoolof Low Printedin U.S.A. "AT LIGHT SPEED": ATTRIBUTION AND RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME/TERRORISM/WARFARE SUSAN W. BRENNER* This Article explains why and how computer technology complicates the related processes of identifying internal (crime and terrorism) and external (war) threats to social order of respondingto those threats. First, it divides the process-attribution-intotwo categories: what-attribution (what kind of attack is this?) and who-attribution (who is responsiblefor this attack?). Then, it analyzes, in detail, how and why our adversaries' use of computer technology blurs the distinctions between what is now cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and cyberwarfare. The Article goes on to analyze how and why computer technology and the blurring of these distinctions erode our ability to mount an effective response to threats of either type. -
Spytech Keystorke Copy
Spytech Keystroke Spy Invisible Computer Keystroke Logging and Screen Capturing So�ware Keystroke Spy is a keylogger and computer monitoring solu�on that allows you to easily, and efficiently log what your computer users are doing. Keystroke Spy is a powerful tool that can log every keystroke users type and capture screenshots of their ac�vi�es. Keystroke Spy can run in total stealth, email you when specific keywords are typed, and can even be set to only log keystrokes typed in specific applica�ons. With Keystroke Spy you will be able to log websites users visit, emails they send, passwords they use, appli- ca�ons they interact with, typed documents, and see everything they did with visual screenshot playback! Uses: - Home Keystroke Spy can be used in many computer environments, and in countless ways. Here are a few possible uses for Keystroke Spy Computer Monitoring Parental Control Employee Monitoring Keystroke Logger / Keylogging Spouse Monitoring Internet Monitoring **Log Delivery via E-Mail Overview Keystroke Logging and Screenshot Applica�on Usage Capturing Social Ac�vity, Emails & Chats Remote Ac�vity Log Delivery via Email Document Ac�vity Secure Stealth Opera�on Specific Applica�on Logging Keystrokes and Passwords Keyword Phrase Alerts Screenshot Captures Easy-to-use Interface Website Usage & Searches Tracks User Activities by Logging All Keystrokes and Capturing Screen shots Remote Monitoring and Behaviour Alerts via Email Completely Secure, Stealth Monitoring Keystroke Logging and Screenshot Recording Keystroke Spy's keystroke logger allows you to record all keystrokes users type while using your computer. All logged keystrokes are viewable in their raw format, displaying the keys as they were typed, and can be formatted for easy viewing. -
Cyber Warfare a “Nuclear Option”?
CYBER WARFARE A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH CYBER WARFARE: A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? BY ANDREW KREPINEVICH 2012 © 2012 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. About the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, secu- rity policy and resource allocation. CSBA provides timely, impartial, and insight- ful analyses to senior decision makers in the executive and legislative branches, as well as to the media and the broader national security community. CSBA encour- ages thoughtful participation in the development of national security strategy and policy, and in the allocation of scarce human and capital resources. CSBA’s analysis and outreach focus on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to US national security. Meeting these challenges will require transforming the national security establishment, and we are devoted to helping achieve this end. About the Author Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. is the President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, which he joined following a 21-year career in the U.S. Army. He has served in the Department of Defense’s Office of Net Assessment, on the personal staff of three secretaries of defense, the National Defense Panel, the Defense Science Board Task Force on Joint Experimentation, and the Defense Policy Board. He is the author of 7 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century and The Army and Vietnam. -
Nadzor in Zasebnost V Informacijski Družbi
Matej Kovačič NADZOR IN ZASEBNOST V INFORMACIJSKI DRUŽBI Filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu Znanstvena knjižnica Fakulteta za družbene vede Ljubljana, 2006 Matej Kovačič NADZOR IN ZASEBNOST V INFORMACIJSKI DRUŽBI Filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu Izdajatelj: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede Kardeljeva ploščad 5, Ljubljana Zbirka: Znanstvena knjižnica 55 Urednik: dr. Niko Toš Uredniški odbor: dr. Vlado Benko, dr. Zdenko Roter, dr. Tomo Korošec, dr. Vlado Miheljak, dr. Niko Toš Recenzenta: dr. Slavko Splichal dr. Alenka Šelih Likovna oprema: Polona Mesec-Kurdija Lektura: Dora Mali CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 342.721:004.738.5 004.738.5 KOVAČIČ, Matej, 1974- Nadzor in zasebnost v informacijski družbi [Elektronski vir] : filozofski, sociološki, pravni in tehnični vidiki nadzora in zasebnosti na internetu / Matej Kovačič. - Ljubljana : Fakulteta za družbene vede, 2006. - (Znanstvena knjižnica / Fakulteta za družbene vede ; 55) Način dostopa (URL): http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/eknjige/EK_Kovacic_2006_Nadzor.pdf . - Opis temelji na verziji z dne 19.12.2006 ISBN-10 961-235-261-5 ISBN-13 978-961-235-261-5 230725632 Knjigo je sofinancirala Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije. Knjiga je izdana pod Creative Commons licenco: “Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 2.5 Slovenija”. Celotno pravno besedilo licence je dostopno na spletni strani: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- -
Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism
Journal of Strategic Security Volume 6 Number 5 Volume 6, No. 3, Fall 2013 Supplement: Ninth Annual IAFIE Article 3 Conference: Expanding the Frontiers of Intelligence Education Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism Gary Adkins The University of Texas at El Paso Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss pp. 1-9 Recommended Citation Adkins, Gary. "Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism." Journal of Strategic Security 6, no. 3 Suppl. (2013): 1-9. This Papers is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism This papers is available in Journal of Strategic Security: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol6/iss5/ 3 Adkins: Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism Red Teaming the Red Team: Utilizing Cyber Espionage to Combat Terrorism Gary Adkins Introduction The world has effectively exited the Industrial Age and is firmly planted in the Information Age. Global communication at the speed of light has become a great asset to both businesses and private citizens. However, there is a dark side to the age we live in as it allows terrorist groups to communicate, plan, fund, recruit, and spread their message to the world. Given the relative anonymity the Internet provides, many law enforcement and security agencies investigations are hindered in not only locating would be terrorists but also in disrupting their operations. -
Hardware Keylogger User Guide
KeyGrabber Forensic Keylogger User’s Guide KeyGrabber Forensic Keylogger Check http://www.keelog.com/ for the latest version of this document. 1 Copyright © www.keelog.com KeyGrabber Forensic Keylogger Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................................................... 2 Getting started .......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 About the product ................................................................................................................. 3 Features ............................................................................................................................... 3 Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 3 Applications .......................................................................................................................... 4 Quick start ................................................................................................................................ 5 Recording keystrokes ............................................................................................................... 6 Viewing recorded data ............................................................................................................. -
Share — Copy and Redistribute the Material in Any Medium Or Format
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 KOREA You are free to : Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Under the follwing terms : Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license. Disclaimer 국제학석사학위논문 Wired For War: An Analysis of United States Cyber Security Against a Rising China 하이테크 전쟁: 중국의 부상에 대응하는 미국의 사이버 안보에 관한 연구 2017년 8월 서울대학교 국제대학원 국제학과 국제협력 전공 에멧 존슨 Wired For War: An Analysis of United States Cybersecurity Against a Rising China 하이테크 전쟁: 중국의 부상에 대응하는 미국의 사이버 안보에 관한 연구 Thesis By Emmett Johnson Graduate Program in International Cooperation In Fulfillment of the Requirements For The Degree of Master in International Studies August 2017 Graduate School of International Studies Seoul National University Seoul, Republic of Korea Abstract Wired For War: An Analysis of United States Cyber Security Against a Rising China The United States hegemony is challenged by China. With China’s economic and military rise, it is inevitable a power transition will take place. -
A PRACTICAL METHOD of IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX
In Collaboration With A PRACTICAL METHOD OF IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX TOPICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 OVERVIEW 5 THE RESPONSES TO A GROWING THREAT 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 10 THE SCOURGE OF CYBERCRIME 11 THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERWARFARE 12 CYBERACTIVISM: ACTIVE AS EVER 13 THE ATTRIBUTION PROBLEM 14 TRACKING THE ORIGINS OF CYBERATTACKS 17 CONCLUSION 20 APPENDIX: TIMELINE OF CYBERSECURITY 21 INCIDENTS 2 A Practical Method of Identifying Cyberattacks EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW SUMMARY The frequency and scope of cyberattacks Cyberattacks carried out by a range of entities are continue to grow, and yet despite the seriousness a growing threat to the security of governments of the problem, it remains extremely difficult to and their citizens. There are three main sources differentiate between the various sources of an of attacks; activists, criminals and governments, attack. This paper aims to shed light on the main and - based on the evidence - it is sometimes types of cyberattacks and provides examples hard to differentiate them. Indeed, they may of each. In particular, a high level framework sometimes work together when their interests for investigation is presented, aimed at helping are aligned. The increasing frequency and severity analysts in gaining a better understanding of the of the attacks makes it more important than ever origins of threats, the motive of the attacker, the to understand the source. Knowing who planned technical origin of the attack, the information an attack might make it easier to capture the contained in the coding of the malware and culprits or frame an appropriate response. the attacker’s modus operandi. -
KEYLOGGERS Comparison of Detection Techniques & Its
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-11, NOV-2017 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 Cyber Security – KEYLOGGERS Comparison of Detection Techniques & Its Legitimate Use Aaradhya Gorecha Information Technology Department SVKM NMIMS MPSTME, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT This paper presents an introduction of key loggers with explaining the different types and comparison of different detection techniques overview. Also how one of these technique which could be used for keeping to keep a watch on the children web activites to guarentee their protection from online predators and dangers. And also organizations can also use this technique to monitor their employee’s activity on internet. Index Terms:- Keyloggers, hooking, KLIMAX, OS. 1. INTRODUCTION Mainly keyloggers are divided into two types Hardware Keyloggers are software or hardware tools which capture the keylogger and Software keylogger. Hardware key loggers are computer user’s keystrokes and then send this information the electronic devices used for keystroke logging or capturing back to attackers. Keylogger has some bad reputation in the the information between the keyboard device and input/output world of technology because it is often linked with illegal use port. These type of devices have a inbuilt storage where they of the someone personal data. But it can also be used for some capture the keystrokes so a person who had installed it on the of the legal functions. An example can be taken as of the system can get the information of all the activities done on that company security purpose, which states that web activities of system. workers can be checked and keylogger can be used to monitor Software keylogger programs are made to work on the target any employee, which is suspected of being a insider threat. -
The Strange World of Keyloggers - an Overview, Part I
https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.6.MOBMU-313 © 2017, Society for Imaging Science and Technology The strange world of keyloggers - an overview, Part I Reiner Creutzburg Technische Hochschule Brandenburg, Department of Informatics and Media, IT- and Media Forensics Lab, P.O.Box 2132, D-14737 Brandenburg, Germany Email: [email protected] Abstract events, as if it was a normal piece of the application instead In this article we give a bibliographic overview of keyloggers of malware. The keylogger receives an event each time the and review the relavant hard- and software and mobile keyloggers user presses or releases a key. The keylogger simply records that are available and in use. The functionalities, availability, it. + Windows APIs such as GetAsyncKeyState(), GetFore- detection possibilities of keyloggers are described and reviewed. groundWindow(), etc. are used to poll the state of the key- In a future Part II keyloggers for mobile devices and the eth- board or to subscribe to keyboard events [3]. A more recent ical and legal aspects are reviewed. example simply polls the BIOS for pre-boot authentication PINs that have not been cleared from memory [4]. Keylogger – Introduction • Form grabbing based: Form grabbing-based keyloggers Keystroke logging, often referred to as keylogging [1] or log web form submissions by recording the web browsing keyboard capturing, is the action of recording (logging) the keys on submit events. This happens when the user completes a struck on a keyboard, typically covertly, so that the person using form and submits it, usually by clicking a button or hitting the keyboard is unaware that their actions are being monitored. -
WORLD WAR C : Understanding Nation-State Motives Behind Today’S Advanced Cyber Attacks
REPORT WORLD WAR C : Understanding Nation-State Motives Behind Today’s Advanced Cyber Attacks Authors: Kenneth Geers, Darien Kindlund, Ned Moran, Rob Rachwald SECURITY REIMAGINED World War C: Understanding Nation-State Motives Behind Today’s Advanced Cyber Attacks CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 A Word of Warning ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 The FireEye Perspective ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................