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Ransom Where?
Ransom where? Holding data hostage with ransomware May 2019 Author With the evolution of digitization and increased interconnectivity, the cyberthreat landscape has transformed from merely a security and privacy concern to a danger much more insidious by nature — ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to encrypt, Imani Barnes Analyst 646.572.3930 destroy or shut down networks in exchange [email protected] for a paid ransom. Through the deployment of ransomware, cybercriminals are no longer just seeking to steal credit card information and other sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Instead, they have upped their games to manipulate organizations into paying large sums of money in exchange for the safe release of their data and control of their systems. While there are some business sectors in which the presence of this cyberexposure is overt, cybercriminals are broadening their scopes of potential victims to include targets of opportunity1 across a multitude of industries. This paper will provide insight into how ransomware evolved as a cyberextortion instrument, identify notorious strains and explain how companies can protect themselves. 1 WIRED. “Meet LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms” March 25, 2019; https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/. 2 Ransom where? | May 2019 A brief history of ransomware The first signs of ransomware appeared in 1989 in the healthcare industry. An attacker used infected floppy disks to encrypt computer files, claiming that the user was in “breach of a licensing agreement,”2 and demanded $189 for a decryption key. While the attempt to extort was unsuccessful, this attack became commonly known as PC Cyborg and set the archetype in motion for future attacks. -
Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress
Order Code RL32114 Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Updated January 29, 2008 Clay Wilson Specialist in Technology and National Security Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Summary Cybercrime is becoming more organized and established as a transnational business. High technology online skills are now available for rent to a variety of customers, possibly including nation states, or individuals and groups that could secretly represent terrorist groups. The increased use of automated attack tools by cybercriminals has overwhelmed some current methodologies used for tracking Internet cyberattacks, and vulnerabilities of the U.S. critical infrastructure, which are acknowledged openly in publications, could possibly attract cyberattacks to extort money, or damage the U.S. economy to affect national security. In April and May 2007, NATO and the United States sent computer security experts to Estonia to help that nation recover from cyberattacks directed against government computer systems, and to analyze the methods used and determine the source of the attacks.1 Some security experts suspect that political protestors may have rented the services of cybercriminals, possibly a large network of infected PCs, called a “botnet,” to help disrupt the computer systems of the Estonian government. DOD officials have also indicated that similar cyberattacks from individuals and countries targeting economic, -
The Evolution of Ransomware
The evolution of ransomware SECURITY RESPONSE The evolution of ransomware Kevin Savage, Peter Coogan, Hon Lau Version 1.0 – August 6, 2015 Never before in the history of human kind have people across the world been subjected to extortion on a massive scale as they are today. CONTENTS OVERVIEW ..............................................................................3 Key information ......................................................................5 Types of ransomware .............................................................5 How ransomware has evolved ...............................................7 Targets for ransomware .......................................................13 Systems impacted by ransomware ......................................14 Ransomware: How it works ..................................................18 Ransom techniques ..............................................................27 How widespread is the problem of ransomware .................33 What does the future hold for ransomware? .......................37 Conclusion ............................................................................45 Appendix ..............................................................................47 Mitigation strategies ............................................................51 Symantec detections for common ransomware families 54 Resources .............................................................................56 OVERVIEW Never before in the history of human kind have people across the world been -
Monthly Threat Report November 2020
NTT Ltd. Global Threat Intelligence Center Monthly Threat Report November 2020 hello.global.ntt report | GTIC Monthly Threat Report: November 2020 Contents Feature article: Security in the app economy 03 Spotlight article: The Trickbot takedown 07 Spotlight article: Snapshot of threats to retail 08 About NTT Ltd.’s Global Threat Intelligence Center 09 2 | © Copyright NTT Ltd. hello.global.ntt report | GTIC Monthly Threat Report: November 2020 Security in the app economy Lead Analyst: Zach Jones, Sr. Director of Detection Research, WhiteHat Security, US It used to be simple; a retailer Attack vectors and security spending when organizations are trying to enable was a retailer and a bank was are misaligned customer access in our ‘there’s an app for that’ world. The problem is that a bank. Initially, the role of According to our 2020 NTT Ltd. represents a pipeline where benign and Global Threat Intelligence Report, 33% software in non-technology malicious traffic alike enter networks of observed attacks globally were sectors stayed behind the straight through firewalls and DMZs. The application-specific and 22% of attacks protocol was never designed for secure scenes, supporting the core were web-application based. This means application delivery so building HTTP competencies of that industry, a total of 55% of attacks detected globally applications is prone to error. Threat like inventory management occurred at the application layer. for retailers and account actors will continue to abuse these virtual According to Gartner Group, the 2020 front doors and windows. They are easy management for banks. Security Market Segment spend is to access and are often the weakest link This is no longer the case. -
A the Hacker
A The Hacker Madame Curie once said “En science, nous devons nous int´eresser aux choses, non aux personnes [In science, we should be interested in things, not in people].” Things, however, have since changed, and today we have to be interested not just in the facts of computer security and crime, but in the people who perpetrate these acts. Hence this discussion of hackers. Over the centuries, the term “hacker” has referred to various activities. We are familiar with usages such as “a carpenter hacking wood with an ax” and “a butcher hacking meat with a cleaver,” but it seems that the modern, computer-related form of this term originated in the many pranks and practi- cal jokes perpetrated by students at MIT in the 1960s. As an example of the many meanings assigned to this term, see [Schneier 04] which, among much other information, explains why Galileo was a hacker but Aristotle wasn’t. A hack is a person lacking talent or ability, as in a “hack writer.” Hack as a verb is used in contexts such as “hack the media,” “hack your brain,” and “hack your reputation.” Recently, it has also come to mean either a kludge, or the opposite of a kludge, as in a clever or elegant solution to a difficult problem. A hack also means a simple but often inelegant solution or technique. The following tentative definitions are quoted from the jargon file ([jargon 04], edited by Eric S. Raymond): 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. -
Mind Your Own Business: a Longitudinal Study of Threats and Vulnerabilities in Enterprises
Mind your Own Business: A Longitudinal Study of Threats and Vulnerabilities in Enterprises Abstract—Enterprises own a significant fraction of the hosts to, financial assets, and security investment. Thus, it is very connected to the Internet and possess valuable assets, such as likely that the best practices mentioned above do not equally financial data and intellectual property, which may be targeted apply to all of them. by attackers. They suffer attacks that exploit unpatched hosts and install malware, resulting in breaches that may cost millions Currently, it is not clear how the security posture of in damages. Despite the scale of this phenomenon, the threat and enterprises differ according to different factors and whether vulnerability landscape of enterprises remains under-studied. The enterprises are indeed more secure than consumer hosts, i.e., security posture of enterprises remains unclear, and it’s unknown if their security investment is paying off. In this paper, we aim whether enterprises are indeed more secure than consumer hosts. to throw light into these questions by conducting a large-scale To address these questions, we perform the largest and longest longitudinal measurement study of enterprise security. We an- enterprise security study up to date. Our data covers nearly alyze the enterprise threat landscape including the prevalence 3 years and is collected from 28K enterprises, belonging to 67 industries, which own 82M hosts and 73M public-facing servers. of malware and PUP in enterprise hosts and how common security practices, such as vulnerability patching and operating Our measurements comprise of two parts: an analysis of system updates are handled. -
Automatic Classifying of Mac OS X Samples
Automatic Classifying of Mac OS X Samples Spencer Hsieh, Pin Wu and Haoping Liu Trend Micro Inc., Taiwan TREND MICRO LEGAL DISCLAIMER The information provided herein is for general information Contents and educational purposes only. It is not intended and should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The information contained herein may not be applicable to all situations and may not reflect the most current situation. Nothing contained herein should be relied on or acted 4 upon without the benefit of legal advice based on the particular facts and circumstances presented and nothing Introduction herein should be construed otherwise. Trend Micro reserves the right to modify the contents of this document at any time without prior notice. Translations of any material into other languages are intended solely as a convenience. Translation accuracy 6 is not guaranteed nor implied. If any questions arise related to the accuracy of a translation, please refer to Mac OS X Samples Dataset the original language official version of the document. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect for compliance or enforcement purposes. 10 Although Trend Micro uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information herein, Trend Micro makes no warranties or representations of any kind as Classification of Mach-O Files to its accuracy, currency, or completeness. You agree that access to and use of and reliance on this document and the content thereof is at your own risk. Trend Micro disclaims all warranties of any kind, express or implied. 11 Neither Trend Micro nor any party involved in creating, producing, or delivering this document shall be liable for any consequence, loss, or damage, including direct, Malware Families indirect, special, consequential, loss of business profits, or special damages, whatsoever arising out of access to, use of, or inability to use, or in connection with the use of this document, or any errors or omissions in the content 15 thereof. -
Spytech Keystorke Copy
Spytech Keystroke Spy Invisible Computer Keystroke Logging and Screen Capturing So�ware Keystroke Spy is a keylogger and computer monitoring solu�on that allows you to easily, and efficiently log what your computer users are doing. Keystroke Spy is a powerful tool that can log every keystroke users type and capture screenshots of their ac�vi�es. Keystroke Spy can run in total stealth, email you when specific keywords are typed, and can even be set to only log keystrokes typed in specific applica�ons. With Keystroke Spy you will be able to log websites users visit, emails they send, passwords they use, appli- ca�ons they interact with, typed documents, and see everything they did with visual screenshot playback! Uses: - Home Keystroke Spy can be used in many computer environments, and in countless ways. Here are a few possible uses for Keystroke Spy Computer Monitoring Parental Control Employee Monitoring Keystroke Logger / Keylogging Spouse Monitoring Internet Monitoring **Log Delivery via E-Mail Overview Keystroke Logging and Screenshot Applica�on Usage Capturing Social Ac�vity, Emails & Chats Remote Ac�vity Log Delivery via Email Document Ac�vity Secure Stealth Opera�on Specific Applica�on Logging Keystrokes and Passwords Keyword Phrase Alerts Screenshot Captures Easy-to-use Interface Website Usage & Searches Tracks User Activities by Logging All Keystrokes and Capturing Screen shots Remote Monitoring and Behaviour Alerts via Email Completely Secure, Stealth Monitoring Keystroke Logging and Screenshot Recording Keystroke Spy's keystroke logger allows you to record all keystrokes users type while using your computer. All logged keystrokes are viewable in their raw format, displaying the keys as they were typed, and can be formatted for easy viewing. -
Analyzing Android Adware
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Projects Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2018 Analyzing Android Adware Supraja Suresh San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Suresh, Supraja, "Analyzing Android Adware" (2018). Master's Projects. 621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.7xqe-kdft https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects/621 This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Projects by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analyzing Android Adware A Project Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Computer Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Supraja Suresh May 2018 ○c 2018 Supraja Suresh ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Project Committee Approves the Project Titled Analyzing Android Adware by Supraja Suresh APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY May 2018 Dr. Mark Stamp Department of Computer Science Dr. Katerina Potika Department of Computer Science Fabio Di Troia Department of Mathematics ABSTRACT Analyzing Android Adware by Supraja Suresh Most Android smartphone apps are free; in order to generate revenue, the app developers embed ad libraries so that advertisements are displayed when the app is being used. Billions of dollars are lost annually due to ad fraud. In this research, we propose a machine learning based scheme to detect Android adware based on static and dynamic features. -
The Botnet Chronicles a Journey to Infamy
The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy Trend Micro, Incorporated Rik Ferguson Senior Security Advisor A Trend Micro White Paper I November 2010 The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy CONTENTS A Prelude to Evolution ....................................................................................................................4 The Botnet Saga Begins .................................................................................................................5 The Birth of Organized Crime .........................................................................................................7 The Security War Rages On ........................................................................................................... 8 Lost in the White Noise................................................................................................................. 10 Where Do We Go from Here? .......................................................................................................... 11 References ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2 WHITE PAPER I THE BOTNET CHRONICLES: A JOURNEY TO INFAMY The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy The botnet time line below shows a rundown of the botnets discussed in this white paper. Clicking each botnet’s name in blue will bring you to the page where it is described in more detail. To go back to the time line below from each page, click the ~ at the end of the section. 3 WHITE -
Computer Security CS 426 Lecture 15
Computer Security CS 426 Lecture 15 Malwares CS426 Fall 2010/Lecture 15 1 Trapdoor • SttitittSecret entry point into a system – Specific user identifier or password that circumvents normal security procedures. • Commonlyyy used by developers – Could be included in a compiler. CS426 Fall 2010/Lecture 15 2 Logic Bomb • Embedded in legitimate programs • Activated when specified conditions met – E.g., presence/absence of some file; Particular date/time or particular user • When triggered, typically damages system – Modify/delete files/disks CS426 Fall 2010/Lecture 15 3 Examppgle of Logic Bomb • In 1982 , the Trans-Siber ian Pipe line inc iden t occurred. A KGB operative was to steal the plans fhititdtltditfor a sophisticated control system and its software from a Canadian firm, for use on their Siberi an pi peli ne. The CIA was tippe d o ff by documents in the Farewell Dossier and had the company itlibbithinsert a logic bomb in the program for sabotage purposes. This eventually resulted in "the most monu mental non-nu clear ex plosion and fire ever seen from space“. CS426 Fall 2010/Lecture 15 4 Trojan Horse • Program with an overt Example: Attacker: (expected) and covert effect Place the following file cp /bin/sh /tmp/.xxsh – Appears normal/expected chmod u+s,o+x /tmp/.xxsh – Covert effect violates security policy rm ./ls • User tricked into executing ls $* Trojan horse as /homes/victim/ls – Expects (and sees) overt behavior – Covert effect performed with • Victim user’s authorization ls CS426 Fall 2010/Lecture 15 5 Virus • Self-replicating -
View This Article on Online Activity Summaryаннаweek Ending January 13, 2017 This Week, the World's Attention
5/22/2017 FortiGuard Threat Intelligence Brief January 13, 2017 | FortiGuard View this article on online Activity Summary Week Ending January 13, 2017 This week, the world's attention has been focused on US Presidentelect Donald Trump and the allegations that purport to connect him to data stolen by Russian hackers during the 2016 US election. While there is still not enough information to determine whether Trump or his staff were in any way involved with this attack named GRIZZLY STEPPE in a report jointly produced by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) it is clear that they had access to classified and confidential information that had been stolen during a spear phishing campaign that took place between 2015 and 2016. It is generally harder to detect a spear phishing email from a regular phishing email as the attacker impersonates someone close to the victim, possibly someone in a position of authority. To avoid becoming a victim to this sort of attack, we at FortiGuard Labs advise you once again to instruct employees to be extremely careful when handling email attachments and links. Of course, that will not always be enough. In some cases, such as HR staff who are sent resumes from potential candidates, it is actually their job to open attachments from people they don't know. Even the least capable person at your company has an email address, and they are likely to click on attachments regardless of how many times you warn them. Implementing a secure email gateway is the best protection mechanism in these cases.