Automatic Classifying of Mac OS X Samples
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Analyzing Android Adware
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Projects Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2018 Analyzing Android Adware Supraja Suresh San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Suresh, Supraja, "Analyzing Android Adware" (2018). Master's Projects. 621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.7xqe-kdft https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_projects/621 This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Projects by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analyzing Android Adware A Project Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Computer Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Supraja Suresh May 2018 ○c 2018 Supraja Suresh ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Project Committee Approves the Project Titled Analyzing Android Adware by Supraja Suresh APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY May 2018 Dr. Mark Stamp Department of Computer Science Dr. Katerina Potika Department of Computer Science Fabio Di Troia Department of Mathematics ABSTRACT Analyzing Android Adware by Supraja Suresh Most Android smartphone apps are free; in order to generate revenue, the app developers embed ad libraries so that advertisements are displayed when the app is being used. Billions of dollars are lost annually due to ad fraud. In this research, we propose a machine learning based scheme to detect Android adware based on static and dynamic features. -
A Proposed System for Hiding Information in Portable Executable Files Based on Analyzing Import Section
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 01 (January. 2014), ||V7|| PP 21-30 A Proposed System for Hiding Information In Portable Executable Files Based on Analyzing Import Section Mohammad Hussein Jawwad 1- University of Babylon- College of Information Technology- Iraq Abstract: - Information-hiding techniques have newly become very important in a many application areas. Many cover mediums have been used to hide information like image, video, voice. Use of these mediums have been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose new system for hiding information in Portable Executable files (PE files). PE is a file format for executable file used in the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the Windows operating system. This algorithm has higher security than some traditional ones because of the combination between encryption and hiding. We first encrypt the information before hiding it to ensure high security. After that we hide the information in the import table of PE file. This hiding depends on analyzing the import table characteristics of PE files that have been built under Borland turbo assembler. The testing result shows that the result file does not make any inconsistency with anti-virus programs and the PE file still function as normal after the hiding process. Keywords: - PE File, Information Hiding, Cryptography. I. INTRODUCTION The development and wide use of computer science and informatics also, the advent of global networks (i.e. Internet) that make the access for information is possible for every one online impose the need for ways to avoid hackers and muggers from getting the important information. -
Portable Executable File Format
Chapter 11 Portable Executable File Format IN THIS CHAPTER + Understanding the structure of a PE file + Talking in terms of RVAs + Detailing the PE format + The importance of indices in the data directory + How the loader interprets a PE file MICROSOFT INTRODUCED A NEW executable file format with Windows NT. This for- mat is called the Portable Executable (PE) format because it is supposed to be portable across all 32-bit operating systems by Microsoft. The same PE format exe- cutable can be executed on any version of Windows NT, Windows 95, and Win32s. Also, the same format is used for executables for Windows NT running on proces- sors other than Intel x86, such as MIPS, Alpha, and Power PC. The 32-bit DLLs and Windows NT device drivers also follow the same PE format. It is helpful to understand the PE file format because PE files are almost identi- cal on disk and in RAM. Learning about the PE format is also helpful for under- standing many operating system concepts. For example, how operating system loader works to support dynamic linking of DLL functions, the data structures in- volved in dynamic linking such as import table, export table, and so on. The PE format is not really undocumented. The WINNT.H file has several struc- ture definitions representing the PE format. The Microsoft Developer's Network (MSDN) CD-ROMs contain several descriptions of the PE format. However, these descriptions are in bits and pieces, and are by no means complete. In this chapter, we try to give you a comprehensive picture of the PE format. -
Investigation of Malicious Portable Executable File Detection on the Network Using Supervised Learning Techniques
Investigation of Malicious Portable Executable File Detection on the Network using Supervised Learning Techniques Rushabh Vyas, Xiao Luo, Nichole McFarland, Connie Justice Department of Information and Technology, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202 Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract—Malware continues to be a critical concern for that random forest learning technique achieved best detection everyone from home users to enterprises. Today, most devices are performance than the other three learning techniques. The connected through networks to the Internet. Therefore, malicious achieved detection rate and false alarm rate on experimental code can easily and rapidly spread. The objective of this paper is to examine how malicious portable executable (PE) files can be data set were 98.7% and 1.8% respectively. We compared detected on the network by utilizing machine learning algorithms. the performances of the four learning techniques on four The efficiency and effectiveness of the network detection rely types of PE malware - backdoors, viruses, worms and trojans. on the number of features and the learning algorithms. In this The results showed that the same learning technique show work, we examined 28 features extracted from metadata, packing, the similar performance on different types of malwares. It imported DLLs and functions of four different types of PE files for malware detection. The returned results showed that the demonstrated the features that are extracted from the files have proposed system can achieve 98.7% detection rates, 1.8% false no bias for a specific type of malware. -
Reporte De Amenazas De ESET Q3
INFORME DE AMENAZAS TERCER TRIMESTRE 2020 WeLiveSecurity.com @ESETresearch ESET GitHub Contenido Prólogo ¡Bienvenido a la edición del Informe de Amenazas de ESET del tercer 3 HISTORIA DESTACADA trimestre de 2020! Mientras el hemisferio norte se prepara para pasar un invierno azotado por la pandemia, el COVID-19 parece es- 5 NOTICIAS DEL LABORATORIO tar perdiendo fuerza, al menos en el ámbito del cibercrimen. Como la táctica de usar señuelos relacionados con el coronavirus ya no tiene el impacto deseado, los delincuentes parecen haber “vuelto a los modelos clásicos” durante el tercer trimestre de 2020. Sin embargo, hay un área donde persisten los efectos de la pandemia: en el 9 ACTIVIDAD DE GRUPOS DE APT trabajo remoto, con sus numerosos desafíos de seguridad. Esto es especialmente cierto para los ataques dirigidos al Protocolo de Escritorio Remoto (RDP), que crecieron 13 ESTADÍSTICAS Y TENDENCIAS durante todo el primer semestre. En el tercer trimestre, los intentos de ataques al RDP considerando el número de clientes únicos apuntados, aumentaron un 37%. Es probable que el aumento se deba al creciente número de 14 Las 10 principales detecciones de malware sistemas mal protegidos que se fueron conectando a Internet durante la pandemia, y quizá también a que otros delincuentes se inspiraron en las bandas de ransomware y comenzaron a atacar el protocolo RDP. 15 Downloaders La escena del ransomware, seguida de cerca por los especialistas de ESET, tuvo consecuencias inéditas este tri- mestre. Por ejemplo, el ataque de ransomware investigado como homicidio tras la muerte de un paciente porque 17 Malware bancario su hospital quedó inhabilitado. -
A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics
UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA´ DE MADRID ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics PH.D THESIS Platon Pantelis Kotzias Copyright c 2019 by Platon Pantelis Kotzias iv DEPARTAMENTAMENTO DE LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS´ E INGENIERIA DE SOFTWARE ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF: Doctor of Philosophy in Software, Systems and Computing Author: Platon Pantelis Kotzias Advisor: Dr. Juan Caballero April 2019 Chair/Presidente: Marc Dasier, Professor and Department Head, EURECOM, France Secretary/Secretario: Dario Fiore, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Software Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Juan Tapiador, Associate Professor, Universidad Carlos III, Spain Member/Vocal: Igor Santos, Associate Research Professor, Universidad de Deusto, Spain Abstract of the Dissertation Potentially unwanted programs (PUP) are a category of undesirable software that, while not outright malicious, can pose significant risks to users’ security and privacy. There exist indications that PUP prominence has quickly increased over the last years, but the prevalence of PUP on both consumer and enterprise hosts remains unknown. Moreover, many important aspects of PUP such as distribution vectors, code signing abuse, and economics also remain unknown. In this thesis, we empirically and sys- tematically analyze in both breadth and depth PUP abuse, prevalence, distribution, and economics. We make the following four contributions. First, we perform a systematic study on the abuse of Windows Authenticode code signing by PUP and malware. -
Malware List.Numbers
CLASS A - Tested once a month (and as significant updates and samples are available) (95% or higher detection rate) CLASS B - Tested every two months (and if many new samples or significant updates are available) (95 - 85% detection rate) CLASS C - Tested every three months (85-75% detection rate) CLASS D - Tested every six months (75% or lower detection rates) For Comparison, not an actual Antivirus CLASS F - Excluded from future testing (read notes) Notes, comments, remarks, FAQ and everything else. McAfee Endpoint Protection for Malware Family (by year) # Malware Sample Type MD5 Hash Avast 9.0 Intego VirusBarrier X8 10.8 Norman 3.0.7664 ESET 6.0 Sophos 9 F-Secure 1.0 Kaspersky Security 14 G Data AntiVirus for Mac Dr Web 9.0.0 Avira ClamXav 2.6.4 (web version) Norton 12.6 (26) Comodo Webroot 8 Thirtyseven4 Total Security eScan 5.5-7 iAntivirus 1.1.4 (282) ProtectMac 1.3.2 - 1.4 BitDefender 2.30 - 3.0.6681 McAfee Internet Security for Mac* AVG AntiVirus for Mac Dr Web Light 6.0.6 (201207050) Max Secure Antivirus MacBooster X-Protect Gatekeeper Intego VirusBarrier 2013 10.7 Intego VirusBarrier X6 VirusBarrier Express 1.1.6 (79) Panda Antivirus 1.6 Bitdefender (App Store) 2.21 MacKeeper 2.5.1 - 2.8 (476) Panda Antivirus 10.7.6 Trend Micro Titanium 3.0 McAfee Security 1.2.0 (1549) Norton 11.1.1 (2) Trend Micro Smart Sur. 1.6.1101 McAfee VirusScan for Mac 8.6.1 FortiClient 5.0.6.131 Quick Heal Total Sec 1.0 MacScan 2.9.4 McAfee Virex 7.7 (163) Magician 1.4.3 Vipre 1.0.51 Mac Malware Remover 1.1.6 MD5 Hash Mac 1 Price -> Free $39.99 (Internet -
Common Threats to Cyber Security Part 1 of 2
Common Threats to Cyber Security Part 1 of 2 Table of Contents Malware .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Viruses ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Worms ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Downloaders ................................................................................................................................... 6 Attack Scripts .................................................................................................................................. 8 Botnet ........................................................................................................................................... 10 IRCBotnet Example ....................................................................................................................... 12 Trojans (Backdoor) ........................................................................................................................ 14 Denial of Service ........................................................................................................................... 18 Rootkits ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Notices ......................................................................................................................................... -
2020 Trends & 2021 Outlook
2020 trends w/ & 2021 outlook THREAT REPORT Q4 2020 WeLiveSecurity.com @ESETresearch ESET GitHub Contents 3 FOREWORD 4 FEATURED STORY 7 NEWS FROM THE LAB 9 APT GROUP ACTIVITY 15 STATISTICS & TRENDS 16 Top 10 malware detections 17 Downloaders 19 Banking malware 21 Ransomware 23 Cryptominers 25 Spyware & backdoors 27 Exploits 29 Mac threats 31 Android threats 33 Web threats 35 Email threats 38 IoT security 40 ESET RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS ESET THREAT REPORT Q4 2020 | 2 Foreword Welcome to the Q4 2020 issue of the ESET Threat Report! 2020 was many things (“typical” not being one of them), and it sure feels good to be writing The growth of ransomware might have been an important factor in the decline of banking about it in the past tense. malware; a decline that only intensified over the last quarter of the year. Ransomware and other malicious activities are simply more profitable than banking malware, the operators of As if really trying to prove a point, the pandemic picked up new steam in the last quarter, which already have to grapple with the heightening security in the banking sector. There was, bringing the largest waves of infections and further lockdowns around the world. Amid the — however, one exception to this trend: Android banking malware registered the highest detection chaos, the long-anticipated vaccine rollouts brought a collective sigh of relief or, at least, levels of 2020 in Q4, fueled by the source code leak of the trojan Cerberus. a glimmer of hope somewhere in the not-too-far-distant future. With the pandemic creating fertile ground for all kinds of malicious activities, it is all but In cyberspace, events also took a dramatic turn towards the end of the year, as news of the obvious that email scammers would not want to be left out. -
2016 Wrap-Up Cybercrime Tactics and Techniques
Cybercrime tactics and techniques 2016 wrap-up TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Executive summary 02 Windows malware 05 Early 2017 Windows malware predictions 06 Mac malware 06 Early 2017 OS X malware predictions 07 Exploit kits 08 Early 2017 exploit kit predictions 09 Phishing and malspam 10 Early 2017 phishing and malspam predictions 11 Potentially Unwanted Programs 11 Early 2017 PUP predictions 12 Tech support scams 13 Early 2017 tech support scam predictions 14 Conclusion Introduction Last year was interesting for malware distribution and development. While we still experienced a flood of ransomware and immense distribution of malware using malspam/phishing/exploit kits, some major players, such as TeslaCrypt and Angler EK, vanished, while some new names dominated. In our first wrap-up of the threat landscape, we are going to cover the trends observed during the last few months of 2016, take an analyst’s view of the threats, and offer some predictions for the beginning of 2017. Moving forward, every quarter we will bring you a view of the threat landscape through the eyes of Malwarebytes researchers and analysts. Executive summary Ransomware dominated in 2016 and continued to do so However, it’s market share and capabilities are not quite into 2017. We expect to see very little variation in this at par with Angler, though this is likely going to change in early 2017, and if anything, it is getting worse. The as we expect to observe an increase in exploit kit most notable ransomware families of the end of 2016 activity by the middle of 2017. While late 2016 showed were Locky and Cerber, two very similar ransomware a decrease in the amount of malicious spam/phishing families that took the number one slot multiple times attacks targeting users in the wild, we are seeing greater during the last part of the year. -
Malware List.Numbers
Actively Tested (Immediately as significant updates and samples are available) (80% or higher detection rate) Occasionally Tested (If many new samples or significant updates are available) (60 - 80% detection rate) Tested when the mood strikes (60% or lower detection rates) For Comparison, not Excluded from future testing (read notes) Notes, comments, remarks, FAQ and everything else. an actual Antivirus Malware Family (by year) Malware Sample Type MD5 Hash Intego VirusBarrier 2013 10.7 Intego VirusBarrier X6 Avira 1.0.0.64 - 2.0.1.105 MacKeeper 2.5.1 - 2.8 (476) F-Secure 1.0 Avast 8.0 ESET 5.0 VirusBarrier Express 1.1.6 (79) Kaspersky Security 14 Dr Web 9.0.0 Webroot 8 Sophos 9 Comodo G Data AntiVirus for Mac Norton 12.6 (26) iAntivirus 1.1.4 (282) ProtectMac 1.3.2 - 1.4 eScan 5.5-7 Bitdefender (App Store) 2.21 BitDefender 2.30 - 3.0.6681 ClamXav 2.6.1 McAfee Internet Security for Mac* AVG AntiVirus for Mac Dr Web Light 6.0.6 (201207050) MacScan 2.9.4 X-Protect Panda Antivirus 1.6 Panda Antivirus 10.7.6 McAfee Endpoint Protection for Trend Micro Titanium 3.0 McAfee Security 1.2.0 (1549) Norton 11.1.1 (2) Trend Micro Smart Sur. 1.6.1101 McAfee VirusScan for Mac 8.6.1 FortiClient 5.0.6.131 Quick Heal Total Sec 1.0 McAfee Virex 7.7 (163) Magician 1.4.3 Vipre 1.0.51 Mac Malware Remover 1.1.6 1 # Mac 2 Price -> $29.99 Current users only (Discontinued) Free $38.95 and up €29,99 Free $39.99 Free (App Store) $39.95 €26 $39.99 Free Free $49.99 Free $44.99 $29.95 Free $49.95 Free $79.99 (Consumer) Free Free (App Store or download) $39.99 OS X’s -
ESET THREAT REPORT Q3 2020 | 2 ESET Researchers Reveal That Bugs Similar to Krøøk Affect More Chip Brands Than Previously Thought
THREAT REPORT Q3 2020 WeLiveSecurity.com @ESETresearch ESET GitHub Contents Foreword Welcome to the Q3 2020 issue of the ESET Threat Report! 3 FEATURED STORY As the world braces for a pandemic-ridden winter, COVID-19 appears to be losing steam at least in the cybercrime arena. With coronavirus-related lures played out, crooks seem to 5 NEWS FROM THE LAB have gone “back to basics” in Q3 2020. An area where the effects of the pandemic persist, however, is remote work with its many security challenges. 9 APT GROUP ACTIVITY This is especially true for attacks targeting Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), which grew throughout all H1. In Q3, RDP attack attempts climbed by a further 37% in terms of unique 13 STATISTICS & TRENDS clients targeted — likely a result of the growing number of poorly secured systems connected to the internet during the pandemic, and possibly other criminals taking inspiration from 14 Top 10 malware detections ransomware gangs in targeting RDP. 15 Downloaders The ransomware scene, closely tracked by ESET specialists, saw a first this quarter — an attack investigated as a homicide after the death of a patient at a ransomware-struck 17 Banking malware hospital. Another surprising twist was the revival of cryptominers, which had been declining for seven consecutive quarters. There was a lot more happening in Q3: Emotet returning 18 Ransomware to the scene, Android banking malware surging, new waves of emails impersonating major delivery and logistics companies…. 20 Cryptominers This quarter’s research findings were equally as rich, with ESET researchers: uncovering 21 Spyware & backdoors more Wi-Fi chips vulnerable to KrØØk-like bugs, exposing Mac malware bundled with a cryptocurrency trading application, discovering CDRThief targeting Linux VoIP softswitches, 22 Exploits and delving into KryptoCibule, a triple threat in regard to cryptocurrencies.