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Predictive Modelling for Archaeological Sites: Ashokan Edicts from the Indian Subcontinent
GENERAL ARTICLES Predictive modelling for archaeological sites: Ashokan edicts from the Indian subcontinent Thomas W. Gillespie*, Monica L. Smith, Scott Barron, Kanika Kalra and Corey Rovzar This article focuses on the stone inscriptions ascribed to Ashoka, the 3rd century BC ruler of the Mauryan dynasty in ancient India. The locations of 29 known inscriptions and 8 environmental predictors at 1 km pixel resolution were entered into a species distribution model, that reliably pre- dicted the distribution of known Ashokan edicts (AUC score 0.934). Geologic substrate (33%), population density in AD 200 (21%), and slope (13%) explained majority of the variance in the Ashokan edict locations. We have identified 121 possible locations in the Indian subcontinent that conform to the same criteria where yet undiscovered inscriptions may be found. Keywords: Archaeology, edict locations, environmental metrics, species distribution models, stone inscriptions. TWO factors have combined that could increase the use of provide confirmation that people found the locations suit- modelling in archaeology: the availability of global land- able and worthy of investment. scape geographic information system (GIS) datasets, and The predictability of archaeological site location is the need to identify and protect sites in areas jeopardized by based on a variety of criteria, not all of which are imme- development and other human impacts. An important po- diately apparent. For example, our earliest ancestors hun- tential contributor to this process is species distribution dreds of thousands of years ago utilized caves as shelters modelling, which has been increasingly used across a va- prior to the development of built architecture, but not all riety of fields, including biogeography, ecology, conserva- known caves were occupied within a given region due to tion biology, and climate change science to identify metrics additional factors of selection, such as the preference for that define and predict species and ecosystems ranges1–4. -
The Edicts of King Ashoka
THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA An English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA Table of Contents THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA........................................................................................................................1 An English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika.................................................................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................2 THE FOURTEEN ROCK EDICTS...............................................................................................................4 KALINGA ROCK EDICTS..........................................................................................................................8 MINOR ROCK EDICTS...............................................................................................................................9 THE SEVEN PILLAR EDICTS..................................................................................................................10 THE MINOR PILLAR EDICTS..................................................................................................................13 NOTES.........................................................................................................................................................13 -
AW Late Feb 2021 Orchard V2
Follow us at www.facebook.com/abolishwar @abolishwarUK www.abolishwar.org.uk Issue 55, March 2021 Agent orange court date A French court is set to hear a landmark case against more than a dozen companies which supplied the US with the chemical Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. The highly toxic defoliant was sprayed by US forces to destroy jungles and find hiding places from 1962 to 1971. The case has been brought by Tran To Nga, a 78-year-old French- Vietnamese woman who covered the conflict as a journalist and who accuses the chemical MAW celebrations as Nuclear firms of causing harm to her and her children. Prohibition Treaty is ratified —- MAW members will be among the millions of people delighted to ● MAW Executive know that the The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, member Alison opened for signature at UN in New York on 20 September 2017, Lochhead writes: I urge entered into force on 22 January when it was ratified by its 50th readers to listen to The State Party. None of the nine nuclear weapon states have signed or Food Programme on BBC ratified the treaty, including the UK. Radio 4 about the World Tim Devereux, MAW chair, said: “The Treaty is the first multilateral, Food Programme (Nobel legally-binding, instrument for nuclear disarmament to have been Peace Prize winners negotiated in 20 years. It prohibits State Parties from developing, 2020). It can be accessed testing, producing, manufacturing, acquiring, possessing, via https:// stockpiling, transferring or receiving control over nuclear weapons www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/ or other nuclear explosive devices. -
The Resistance of the Monks RIGHTS Buddhism and Activism in Burma WATCH
Burma HUMAN The Resistance of the Monks RIGHTS Buddhism and Activism in Burma WATCH The Resistance of the Monks Buddhism and Activism in Burma Copyright © 2009 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-544-X Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org September 2009 1-56432-544-X The Resistance of the Monks Buddhism and Activism in Burma I. Summary and Key Recommendations....................................................................................... 1 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 26 II. Burma: A Long Tradition of Buddhist Activism ....................................................................... 27 Buddhism in Independent Burma During the Parliamentary Period ...................................... 33 Buddhism and the State After the 1962 Military Takeover ................................................... -
Depiction of Asoka Raja in the Buddhist Art of Gandhara
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 54, Issue No. 2 (July - December, 2017) Mahmood-ul-Hasan * DEPICTION OF ASOKA RAJA IN THE BUDDHIST ART OF GANDHARA Abstract Asoka was the grandson of the Chndragupta Maurya, founder of one of the greatest empires of the ancient India (321-297 BC). The empire won by Chandragupta had passed to his son Bindusara, after his death, it was again transmitted to his son Asoka. During early years of his kingship he was a very harsh ruler. But after witnessing the miseries and suffering of people during the Kalinga War (260 BCE.) Ashoka converted to Buddhism and decided to substitute the reign of the peace and tranquility for that of violence. Due to his acts of piety and love for the Buddhist faith he become the most popular and personality after Buddha for the Buddhists. Many legends associated with him i.e. “a handful dust”, “redistribution of Relics”, “ his visit of underwater stupa at Ramagrama” are depicted in Gandhara Art. In the present article an effort has been made to identify and analyze the legends of Ashoka in the light of their historical background. Keywords: Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, Kalanga war, Buddhism. Introduction The Buddhist Art of Gandhara came in to being in the last century before the Christian era, when the Sakas were ruling in the North-West (Marshall, 1973:17) and further developed during the Parthian period (1st century A.D.). Like the Sakas, the Parthians were confirmed philhellenes and proud of their Hellenistic culture, and not only had they large numbers of Greek subjects in their empire but they were in a position to maintain close commercial contacts with the Mediterranean coasts (Ibid: 6). -
Political Roles of Religious Communities in India
Political Roles of Religious Communities in India Jayanta Kumar Ray Arpita Basu Roy Editors ASIA PAPER November 2008 Political Roles of Religious Communities in India Papers from a Conference organized by the Institute for Security and Development Policy (ISDP) and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies (MAKAIAS) in Kolkata, India, January 16-17, 2008 Jayanta Kumar Ray Arpita Basu Roy Editors © Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu "Political Roles of Religious Communities in India" is an Asia Paper published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Asia Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Institute’s Asia Program, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. Through its Silk Road Studies Program, the Institute runs a joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center with the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute of Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. The Institute is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. The opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute for Security and Development Policy or Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies. -
Early Career and Different Achievements of Asoka
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 9, September 2017, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Early career and different achievements of Asoka Manoj Malakar* Abstract Asoka was the greatest emperor in Mauriyan dynesty. He was a great patronage of Buddhism and art and architecture. This paper tries to high light about the early life and career of the great Mauryan emperor Asoka. There was lot of great emperor in Indian history, who wrote their name in golden letter in history and Asoka also one of among these rulers. Some different prominent writer had analysis about Asoka’s life and career. This paper tries to analyses how he (Asoka) began his career and got achievements during his region. This paper also tries to highlight Asoka’s Dhamma and his patronage of art and architecture during his region. This paper also tries to discuss Asoka’s patronage of Buddhism. He sent his own son and girl to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. Keywords: Career, Buddha Dhamma, Art and Architecture, Inscription. * Assistant Teacher & Faculty K.K.H.S.O.U. (Malaybari junior college study centre). 624 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Introduction Asoka was one of the greatest kings of India. -
Kurukshetra Magazine Summary for April 2021 Issue
NURTURING INDIA’S RICH CULTURAL HERITAGE • India with its glorious past has bequeathed a remarkable variety of monuments and sites spread all across the length and breadth of the country. There are 38 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India (as of 2021), of which 30 are cultural sites, 7 are natural sites and one mixed site. • Along with these are rich and varied intangible cultural heritage of the country like oral traditions and expressions, craftsmanship etc. Heritage are not just reflectors of the past, but opportunities to generate employment and income in the present and future through heritage tourism. Heritage can Change the Rural Economy • There are various heritage structures with cultural and historical significance in the rural hinterlands lying untapped and unattended. Due to the pandemic, people are now more interested in visiting less- crowded rural India. This creates opportunity for rural areas. • There are traditional step wells which have heritage significance and also can be explored if the water sources can be revived. While attracting tourists, it will also solve the water issue faced by the people in the area. Steps Taken by the Govt. • In budget 2020-21, govt. has proposed five archaeological sites, namely, Rakhigarhi (Haryana), Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh), Shivsagar (Assam), Dholavira (Gujarat) and Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu) to be developed as iconic sites with on-site Museums. • Rakhigarhi, the site of a pre-Indus Valley Civilisation settlement, dating back to about 6500 BCE village is located in Hisar District in Haryana. • Dholavira, a site of ruins of ancient Harappan city, is located near the Dholavira village in Gujarat. -
Texts. Rock Inscriptions of Asoka
TEXTS. ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF ASOKA SHAHBAZGARHI, KHlLSI, GIRNAR, DHAULI, AND JAUGADA. EDICT I. s Ayam dharmalipi [ omitted ] Devanampriyasa * # # K Iyam dhammalipi f do. ] Devanampiyena Piyadasina G lyara dhammalipi [ do. ] Devanampiyena Piyadasina, D * # dha * * # # # * si pavatasi Devanampiye * # # * J Iyam dhammalipi Khepingalasi pavatasi Devanampiyena Piyadasina S Ranyo likhapi . Hidam lo ke * jiva. * * * * * * K # * lekhapi. Hida no kichhi jive. alabhitu paja G Eanya lekhapita .. Idha na kinchi jivam arabhida paju D Lajo # # # * * * * * . * vam alabhitu pajapa J Lajina likhapita . Hida no kichhi jivam. alabhiti paja S # * # cha pi * sama* * * * * * * * # K hitaviye 2 no pi ch;i samaje. kataviye bahukam hi G hitavyam 4 na cha samaje. katavyo bahukam hi D * # * # # # # * * * 2# * # bahukam * * J hitaviye 2 no pi cha samaje. kataviye babukain hi S # # # * * # * # # *4# ### •## # # * K dosa samejasa. Devanampiye Piyadasi Laja dakhati 5 G dosam samajamhi. pasati Devanampiyo Piyadasi Raja D * * # * # * * # # # nam # * # # # * # # # * J dosam samejasa. dakhati Devanampiye Piyadasi . Laja S 2 ati pi* * * katiya samayasa samato Devanampriyasa K athi picha. ekatiya samaj& sadhumata Devanampiyasa 7 G 6 asti pitu ekacha samaja sadhumata Devanampiyasa D * * # ekacha samajasa sadhumata Devanampiyasa J athi pichu ekatiya samaja sadhumata Devanampiyasa S Priyadasisa Ranyo para mahanasasa Devanampriyasa Priyadasisa 3 K Piyadasisa Lajine pale mahanasansi Devanampiyasa Piyadasisji 8 G Piyadasino Ranyo pura mahanasaphi Devanampiyasa Piyadasino 3 D Piyadasine -
Unit Magadhan Territorial Expansion
UNIT MAGADHAN TERRITORIAL EXPANSION Structure 18.0 Objectives 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Location of Magadha 18.3 Note on Sources 18.4 Political History of Pre-Mauryan Magadha 18.5 Notion of 'Empire' 18.5.1 Modern views on definition of 'Empire' 18.5.2 Indian notion of ~hakravarti-~setra 18.6 Origin of Mauryan rule 18.7 Asoka Maurya 18.7.1 The Kalinga War 18.7.;' Magadha at Asoka's death 18.8 Let US Sum Up 18.9 Key Words 18.10 Answers To Check Your Progress Exercises 18.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit we shall outline the territorial expansion of the kingdom of Magadha. This will provide an understanding of how and why it was possible for Magadha to ,. becolne an 'empire'. After reading this Unit you should be able to: 0. identify the location of Magadha and its environs and note its strategic importance. learn about some of the sources that historians use for writing on this period, have a brief idea of the political history of Magadha during the two centuries preceding Mauryan rule. underst d the notion of 'empire' in the context of early periods of history, trac/;I the chief events leading to the establishment of Mauryan rule, learn about the early Mauryan kings - Chandragupta and Bindusara - and their expansionist activities, explain the context of the accession and coronation of Asoka Maurya and the importance of the Kalinga War, and finally, identify the boundaries of the Magadhan 'empire' at the death of Ashoka. 18.1 INTRODUCTION In Unit 15 you were introduced to the various Janapadas and Mahajanapadas that are known to us from primarily early Buddhist and Jaina texts. -
The Light of the Dhamma Vol II No 2, April, 1954
Vol. II No. 2 2 Electronic Publishers Notice: This work has been republished by Pariyatti as an electronic publication. All of the addresses and contact information provided in this online edition of The Light of the Dhamma are no longer valid. They have been included here for historical purposes. Questions or comments regarding this electronic publication can be addressed to [email protected] For other issues in this series please visit www.pariyatti.org/treasures PARIYATTI 867 Larmon Road Onalaska, Washington 98570 USA 360.978.4998 www.pariyatti.org Pariyatti is a nonprofit organization dedicated to enriching the world by - disseminating the words of the Buddha, - providing sustenance for the seeker’s journey, and - illuminating the meditator’s path. 3 The LIGHT of the DHAMMA VOL. II No. 2 2497 B.E. April 1954 C.E. 4 THE LIGHT OF THE DHAMMA 1. Please regard this not just as a quarterly magazine but as a continuing service for Buddhism. Your frank criticism will be welcomed in a Buddhist spirit and if there are any questions pertaining to Buddhism that we can answer or help to answer, we are yours to command. 2. Any articles herein may be quoted, copied, reprinted and translated free of charge without further reference to us. Should you care to acknowledge the source we would be highly appreciative. 3 Foreign subscription. (including postage to any part of the world) is but the equivalent of sh 9/- (Nine Shillings) sterling per annum. HOW TO REMIT In any country subscribing to the International Postal Union, International Postal Certificates are obtainable from the post office. -
Depiction of Elephants in Indian Art
Journal of History, Art and Archaeology Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021, pp. 75-82 © ARF India. All Right Reserved URL: www.arfjournals.com DEPICTION OF ELEPHANTS IN INDIAN ART Niharika Chief Editor, ‘Arnava’ Research Journal, Arnava Research Institute, Sarnath, Varanasi-221007, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Received : 26 March 2021 Art in India is a way of thinking and a way of expressing emotions, thoughts Revised : 05 April 2021 and beliefs. It is a great medium of spreading messages to the contemporary Accepted : 12 April 2021 people as well as to the people of coming generations. In Indian art the motifs Published : 3 May 2021 are chosen and used very wisely and it gives a deep meaning to the whole scene. Elephants are very popular motif in Indian art. This huge animal with its majestic trunk and tiny tail gives a vast sky to the imagination of the artist TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: to fly and create many beautiful art piece. This depiction of elephant can be Niharika. 2021. Depiction of seen from the pre-historic period till date in various mediums like stone, mud, Elephants in Indian Art. Journal of metal, conch, ivory, wood, jute, glass, plastic and what not? The present History, Art and Archaeology, 1: 1, pp. paper deals with such depictions of elephants from the remote past to modern 75-82 times. The examples taken here show some unusual types of depiction that catches the eyes. Their religious and social values in India are also discussed. Keywords: Elephant, Bhimbetka, Ashoka, Bharhut, Deogarh, Mamallapuram Introduction betterment of his subject.