Planul De Management Al Parcului Na Ional Cheile Bicazului- H Ăşmaş

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Planul De Management Al Parcului Na Ional Cheile Bicazului- H Ăşmaş PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş 1 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş Cuprins Capitolul 1. Introducere şi context 6 1.1 Scurt ă descrierea a planului 6 1.2 Scopul şi categoriile de arii naturale protejate 7 1.2.1 Scopul şi încadrarea general ă 7 1.2.2 Arii naturale protejate incluse în P.N.C.B.-H. 8 1.3 Bazele legale 9 1.3.1 Baza legal ă a planului de management 9 1.3.2 Înfiin ţare şi func ţionare 9 1.4 Procesul de elaborare a planului 12 1.4.1 Elaborarea planului de management 12 1.4.2 Calendarul de elaborare a planului 13 1.4.3 Aprobare şi revizuire 13 1.5 Proceduri de modificare a planului 14 Capitolul 2. Descriere 16 2.1 Descriere general ă 16 2.1.1 Localizare şi acces 17 2.1.2 Dreptul de folosin ţă şi adminstrare a terenurilor 18 2.1.3 Resurse de management şi infrastructur ă 21 2.1.4 Acoperirea cu h ărţi, aerografic ă, imagini satelitare şi terestre 22 2.1.5 Buget plan de management pe 5 ani 23 2.1.6 Limitele prezente şi zonarea intern ă 24 2.2 Cadrul fizico – geografic 43 2.2.1 Scurt istoric al cercet ărilor fizico – geografice şi geologice 43 2.2.2 Geologie 44 2.2.3 Geomorfologie 46 2.2.4 Apele 47 2.2.5 Clima 48 2.2.6 Solurile 49 2 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş 2.3 Descrierea mediului biologic 51 2.3.1 Flora şi vegeta ţia 51 2.3.2 Fauna 58 2.3.3 Rela ţii şi procese ecologice 63 2.3.4 Peisaj 63 2.4 Aspecte culturale, folosin ţa terenului în trecut 64 2.4.1 Date arheologice, istorice şi folosin ţa în trecut a terenului 64 2.4.2 Semnifica ţie şi interes în zon ă 69 2.4.3 Administrare în trecut 72 2.5 Aspecte socio-economice, folosin ţa terenului în prezent 73 2.5.1 Comunit ăţ i locale 73 2.5.2 Al ţi factori de interes 74 2.5.3 Folosin ţa actual ă a terenurilor 76 2.5.4 Starea actual ă de conservare 80 2.5.5 Turism şi facilit ăţ i de turism 81 2.5.6 Educa ţie şi facilit ăţ i de educa ţie 87 2.5.7 Cercetare şi facilit ăţ i de cercetare 88 Capitolul 3. Evalu ări şi amenin ţă ri 89 3.1 Evaluare pentru mediul fizic şi biodiversitate 89 3.1.1 Evaluarea cadrului fizico – geografic 89 3.1.2 Evaluare pentru biodiversitate şi habitate 89 3.1.3 Evaluarea peisajului 92 3.2 Amenin ţă ri 92 3.2.1 Amenin ţă ri datorate activit ăţ ilor antropice 92 3.2.2 Amenin ţă ri naturale 97 3.3 Evaluarea conserv ării mo ştenirii culturale 98 3.4 Evaluarea pentru utilizarea terenurilor şi a resurselor naturale 99 3.5 Evaluarea poten ţialului turistic şi de recreere 102 3.6 Evaluare pentru educa ţie şi con ştientizare 105 3.7 Situa ţia actual ă a managementului parcului 107 Capitolul 4. Măsuri de management pentru speciile şi habitatele de 109 3 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş interes comunitar din Parcul Na ţional Cheile Bicazului- Hăş ma ş listate în directivele 79/409/EEC ŞI 92/43/EEC 4.1 Măsuri de management pentru speciile de interes comunitar 109 4.2 Măsuri de management pentru habitatele de interes comunitar 111 Capitolul 5. Ac ţiuni 131 Capitolul 6. Monitorizarea implement ării Planului de Management al 144 Parcului Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş Capitolul 7. Regulamentul Parcului Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş 149 7.1 Înfiin ţarea, scopul, limitele, zonarea şi managementul 149 Parcului Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş 7.2 Reglementarea activit ăţ ilor în Parcul Na ţional Cheile 166 Bicazului-Hăş ma ş 7.2.1 Activit ăţ i de silvicultur ă, de gospod ărire a fondului cinegetic 166 şi piscicol 7.2.1.1 Fondul forestier 166 7.2.1.2 Gestionarea fondului cinegetic 170 7.2.1.3 Fondul piscicol 171 7.2.2 Păş unat şi cosit 173 7.2.3 Utilizarea altor resurse 177 7.2.4 Cercetare ştiin ţific ă 178 7.2.5 Activitatea speologic ă 178 7.2.6 Turism, reguli de vizitare 179 7.2.7 Activit ăţ i comerciale 184 7.2.8 Activit ăţ i de alpinism şi escalad ă 186 7.2.9 Serviciul Public Salvamont 188 7.2.10 Construc ţii 189 7.2.11 Regimul de şeurilor 192 7.3 Finana ţarea activit ăţ ilor 194 7.4 Exercitarea controlului şi implementarea regulamentului 194 7.5 Dispozi ţii finale 195 Bibliografie 196 4 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş Capitolul 8. Anexe 200 Anexa I. Harta turistic ă 200 Anexa II. Harta cu proprietarii de p ădure şi p ăş une 201 Anexa III. Harta cu Ocoalele Silvice de pe raza Parcului Na ţional 202 Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş Anexa IV. Harta fondului forestier şi a p ăş unilor 203 Anexa V. Harta zon ării interne 204 Anexa VI. Harta cu primul rând de parcele întregi limitrofe zonelor cu 205 protec ţie strict ă sau integral ă Anexa VII. Lista speciilor de plante protejate 206 Anexa VIII. Lista speciilor de nevertebrate ocrotite 209 Anexa IX. Lista speciilor de vertebrate ocrotite 210 Anexa X. Lista cu speciile prioritare din Parcul Na ţional Cheile 213 Bicazului-Hăş ma ş, Directivele 79/409/EEC şi 92/43/EEC Anexa XI. Habitatele din Parcul Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş 214 Anexa XII. Lista cu habitatele de interes comunitar din Parcul 223 Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş, Directivele 79/409/EEC şi 92/43/EEC Anexa XIII. Harta ROSCI0027 225 Anexa XIV. Harta ROSPA0018 226 Anexa XV. Trasee turistice din Parcul Na ţional Cheile Bicazului- 227 Hăş ma ş Anexa XVI. Pensiunile şi facilit ăţ ile de cazare 233 Anexa XVII. Reguli referitoare la managementul forestier în Parcul 235 Na ţional Cheile Bicazului-Hăş ma ş Anexa XVIII. Trasee de alpinism şi escal ă 240 Anexa XIX. Formular Standard ROSCI0027 250 Anexa XX. Formular Standard ROSPA0018 254 5 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş Capitolul 1. Introducere şi context 1.1. Scurt ă descrierea a planului Parcul Na ţional Cheile Bicazului – Hăş ma ş, denumit în continuare P.N.C.B.- H., este o arie natural ă protejat ă înfiin ţat ă în 1990, cu statut de parc na ţional, pentru conservarea biodiversit ăţ ii şi a peisajului, a speciilor valoroase, pentru promovarea ecoturismului şi pentru con ştientizarea şi educarea publicului în spiritul protej ării naturii. Zona include o larg ă palet ă de valori naturale, culturale şi istorice. Din acest motiv, obiectivele şi ac ţiunile administra ţiei parcului sunt foarte diverse. În conformitate cu principiile moderne ale conserv ării naturii, planul de management trebuie s ă îmbine interesele de conservare a biodiversit ăţ ii cu cele de dezvoltare socio-economic ă ale comunit ăţ ilor locale din raza de ac ţiune a parcului, ţinând cont totodat ă de tr ăsăturile tradi ţionale, culturale şi spirituale specifice zonei. Lipsa unei coordon ări a tuturor activit ăţ ilor care se desf ăş oar ă pe raza parcului, a eforturilor şi ac ţiunilor de conservare poate duce la ac ţiuni dispersate, cu eficien ţă redus ă şi la pierderi semnificative din punct de vedere al biodiversit ăţ ii şi ale altor valori ale parcului. Planul de management al P.N.C.B.-H. a fost elaborat în vederea unei planific ări integrate a ac ţiunilor ce trebuie întreprinse în vederea îndeplinirii obiectivului major al parcului, respectiv conservarea biodiversit ăţ ii. Planul de management st ă la baza activit ăţ ii Administra ţiei Parcului Na ţional Cheile Bicazului – Hăş ma ş, denumit ă în continuare A.P.N.C.B.-H. şi se constituie ca document de referin ţă pentru planificarea tuturor activit ăţ ilor legate de parc. Pentru elaborarea planului de management a fost necesar ă şi desf ăş urarea unui proces participativ, la care au fost invita ţi s ă ia parte to ţi factorii interesa ţi din zona parcului, şi mai ales reprezentan ţii comunit ăţ ilor locale. 6 PLANUL DE MANAGEMENT AL PARCULUI NA ŢIONAL CHEILE BICAZULUI- HĂŞ MA Ş 1.2. Scopul şi categoriile de arii naturale protejate Conform prevederilor O.U.G. nr. 57/20.06. 2007 privind regimul ariilor naturale protejate, conservarea habitatelor naturale, a florei şi faunei s ălbatice cu modific ările şi complet ările aduse de: Legea nr.49/2011, Ord. nr. 2387/2011 pentru modificarea Ord. nr. 1964/2007, HG nr. 971/2011 pentru modificarea HG nr. 1284/2007 P.N.C.B.-H. face parte din categoria parcurilor na ţionale. Ariile protejate prin valoarea lor natural ă şi gradul redus al interven ţiei umane pe teritoriul lor sunt cele mai bune exemple şi modele pentru sistemele ecologice naturale şi seminaturale. Totodat ă pentru a realiza tranzi ţia de la actualul model de dezvoltare la un model de dezvoltare durabil ă este necesar ă cercetarea, cunoa şterea şi experimentarea teoriilor pentru implementarea conceptului de dezvoltare durabil ă. Astfel, atât evaluarea şi monitorizarea st ării capitalului natural, cât şi dezvoltarea cunoa şterii se poate realiza în cadrul unor zone pilot cum sunt ariile protejate.
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