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Assessment of Different Approaches to Implementation of the IPPC Directive and Their Impacts on Competitiveness: Some Evidence from the Steel and Glass Industry

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Assessment of Different Approaches to Implementation of the IPPC Directive and Their Impacts on Competitiveness: Some Evidence from the Steel and Glass Industry A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Rave, Tilmann; Triebswetter, Ursula Research Report Assessment of different approaches to implementation of the IPPC Directive and their impacts on competitiveness: some evidence from the steel and glass industry. Study on behalf of the European Commission, DG Environment ifo Forschungsberichte, No. 35 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Rave, Tilmann; Triebswetter, Ursula (2007) : Assessment of different approaches to implementation of the IPPC Directive and their impacts on competitiveness: some evidence from the steel and glass industry. Study on behalf of the European Commission, DG Environment, ifo Forschungsberichte, No. 35, ISBN 3885124629, ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, München This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/167398 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu F35.qxp 16.5.2007 09:40 Seite 1 35 ifo Forschungsberichte Assessment of different approaches to implementation of the IPPC Directive and their impacts on competitiveness – Some evidence from the steel and glass industry Study on behalf of the European Commission, DG Environment by Tilmann Rave Ursula Triebswetter Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München Bereich: Umwelt, Regionen und Verkehr Poschingerstraße 5 D-81679 München Tel. 089/92 24- 0 ifo Institute Fax 089/98 53 69 for Economic Research ENVIRONMENT, REGIONS AND TRANSPORT Assessment of different approaches to implementation of the IPPC Directive and their impacts on competitiveness – Some evidence from the steel and glass industry Study on behalf of the European Commission, DG Environment by Tilmann Rave and Ursula Triebswetter Munich, May 2007 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar ISBN-10: 978-3-88512-462-7 ISBN-13: 978-3-88512-462-9 Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Übersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlags ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) oder auf andere Art zu vervielfältigen. © by ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, München 2007 Druck: ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, München ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung im Internet: http://www.ifo.de 3 Table of Contents Index of Tables, Graphs and Boxes .............................................................................. 6 Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................10 Executive summary..................................................................................................................11 PART I: General introduction....................................................................................... 15 1 Aim and scope of the study ......................................................................................15 2 Methodology................................................................................................................19 2.1 Basic approach ............................................................................................... 19 2.2 Conceptualising links between the IPPCD, IPPC implementation and competitiveness .............................................................................................. 21 2.3 Competition, competitive distortion, competitiveness and environmental stringency – Some clarifications on key terms................................................ 24 3 Previous literature ......................................................................................................30 3.1 The relationship between environmental regulation and competitiveness ...... 30 3.2 Existing literature on IPPC and competitiveness ............................................ 32 3.3 Basic hypotheses and considerations for data analysis.................................. 36 References (Chapters 1 to 3) ...................................................................................... 38 PART II: Broader analysis of the institutional context and potential competitiveness impacts ........................................................................................................... 42 4 Institutional and country-level analysis ...................................................................42 4.1 The similarity of national to the IPPC permitting regime ................................. 43 4.2 Differing administrative structures and resources ........................................... 45 4.3 Differences in the delivery of permitting and enforcement “on the ground”..... 50 4.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 63 References (Chapter 4) ...........................................................................................................66 5 Review and analysis of the electric steelmaking sector in the EU .....................67 5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 67 5.2 Steel: The material, its production process and its applications...................... 67 5.2.1 The material.................................................................................................... 67 5.2.2 Production process ......................................................................................... 68 5.3 Overview of the electric steelmaking sector from an environmental perspective ...................................................................................................................... 70 5.4 Economic overview of the electric steelmaking sector.................................... 72 5.4.1 General economic overview............................................................................ 72 5.4.2 Production....................................................................................................... 75 5.4.3 Consumption................................................................................................... 77 5.4.4 Trade .............................................................................................................. 79 4 5.5 Supply and demand, market structure and competition.................................. 82 5.6 Indicators of competitiveness.......................................................................... 92 5.7 Main findings of electric steelmaking sector review ...................................... 118 References (Chapter 5)....................................................................................................... 120 6 Review and analysis of the domestic glass sector in the EU........................... 122 6.1 Introduction................................................................................................... 122 6.1.1 Main focus of the study................................................................................. 122 6.1.2 Arguments for choice of this sector............................................................... 122 6.2 Domestic Glass: The material, its production process and applications ....... 122 6.2.1 The material.................................................................................................. 122 6.2.2 The production process ................................................................................ 123 6.2.3 The applications............................................................................................ 127 6.3 Environmental overview of the domestic glass sector .................................. 128 6.3.1 Environmental impacts ................................................................................. 128 6.3.2 The IPPC Directive and domestic glass........................................................ 132 6.3.3 Differences in implementation....................................................................... 142 6.3.4 Main findings of technical overview of domestic glass sector ....................... 144 6.4 Economic overview of domestic glass sector................................................ 145 6.4.1 Foreword on terminology and data
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