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Hygiène Et Médecine En Gaule Romaine: Étude Archéologique De L Hygiène et médecine en Gaule romaine : étude archéologique de l’instrumentum Elise Vigier To cite this version: Elise Vigier. Hygiène et médecine en Gaule romaine : étude archéologique de l’instrumentum. Parole aux doctorants, Mar 2016, Lyon, France. 2016. hal-01381348 HAL Id: hal-01381348 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381348 Submitted on 14 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Élise Vigier Constituer et ordonner le corpus Colonia Agrippina MENAPII TUNGRI UBII Répartition du matériel : MORINI Castellum Menapiorum Aduatuca Tungrorum Gesoriacum un état de la recherche Tarvanna GERMANIE ATREBATES NERVII (toutes catégories Nemetacum Bagacum INFERIEURE AMBIANI Camaracum fonctionnelles confondues) Augusta Treverorum Augusta Viromanduorum Mongotiacum Samarobriva CALETI VIROMANDUI TREVERI VANGIONES Juliobona Borbetomagus BELLOVACI BELGIQUE REMI UNELLI BAIOCASSES Caesaromagus Augusta Suessionum 1. Répartition géographique : découpage territorial Augustodurum Rotomagus Noviomagus Nemetum Noviomagus Lexoviorum SIVLANECTI VELIOCASSES MEDIOMATRICI NEMETI SUESSIONES Augustomagus Silvanecti Durocortorum / Reims Aregenua Virodunum Limites des départements actuels Cosedia LEXOVII CATALAUNI Divodurum Mediomatricorum VIDUCASSES Lutetia Mediolanum Aulercorum Latinum TRIBOCI EBUROVICES Brocomagus MELDI Durocatalaunum Legedia PARISII OSISMI Fanum Martis ESUVII (Sagii) C.A.G. non publiée Vorgium ABRINCATIS Argentoratum Tullum CORIOSOLITES TRICASSES AULERCI DIABLINTES Autricum REDONES Augustobona LEUCI Civitates du Haut-Empire Condate Noviodunum CENOMANNI CARNUTES Agedincum LINGONES VENETES Vindinum Civitates nouvelles du Bas-Empire Darioritum RAURACI ANDECAVI Cenabum fig. 1 - Répartition SENONES Andemantunnum Peuple de la Gaule romaine, NAMNETES Autessiodurum Basilia BITURIGES LYONNAISE Augusta Raurica généralement civitas Juliomagus Condevincum SEQUANI Vindonissa Dibio Caesarodunum géographique et Vesontio GERMANIE Chef-lieu TURONES HAEDUI Avaricum Nevirnum SUPERIEURE Augustodunum Aventicum contextuelle PICTAVI HELVETII BITURIGES Cabillonum Lemonum Noviodunum Mastico 2. Répartition contextuelle : contextes urbains / ruraux du matériel VALLENSES Octodurus LEMOVICES AMBARRI SEGUSIAVI 300 - 499 Augustoritum AVERNI Mediolanum Santonum Forum Segusiavorum Iculisma Lugdunum Augustonemetum CEUTRONES 150 - 299 Axima 15 mars 15 avril 2016 15 mars avril Vienna ALLOBROGES MEDULLI contextes Vesunna AQUITAINE 100 - 149 ruraux Cularo / Grenoble Segusio PETROCORII Ruessio contextes BITURIGES VIVISCI Brigantio & Burdigala VELLAVI urbains [email protected] Valencia 50 - 99 autres Dea Augusta Vocontiorum & CADURCI HELVII BOII VASATES CADURCI Anderitum agglomérations VOCONTII Ebrodunum suburbains Cossium (secondaires, vici, oppida) Alba Augusta Helviorum Vapincum NITIOBRIGES Divona GABALI Rigomagus 25 - 49 Aginnum Segodunum Vasio Dinia Arausio TARBELLI RUTENI Eturamina 1 - 24 ELUSATES Carpentorate Albiga Nemausus [CAVARI] Sanitium Glanate Avehio Apta Vintium Aquae Tarbellicae Elusates Lactoria Atura Luteva Cabellio Reii Salinae Nicaea Cemenelum * Tolosa Glanum 0 NMI [VOLCAE ARECOMICI] Arelate Elimberrum Lapurdum Antipolis AUSCI NARBONNAISE [SALLUVII] Aquae Sextiae Beneharnum Baeterrae Forum Julii Carciso Agathè * Iluro BIGERRIONES Massilia Effectifs NMI Teio Lugdunum Convenarum Narbo Martius Hygiène et médecine en Gaule CONSORAVI CONVENAE [VOLCAE TECTOSAGES] Ruscino DAO : E. Vigier (Limites des territoires des cités d’après la troisième de couverture de Echelle TOTAL la coll. des Cartes Archéologiques de la Gaule, dirigée par M. Provost) * romaine : étude archéologique 0 1005025 200 km 7223 NMI *NMI = Nombre Minimum d’Individus de l’instrumentum Le corpus a été réalisé à partir de sources matérielles et textuelles sur l’ensemble de la Gaule romaine. Sous la direction de Mathieu Poux et Bernadette Il intègre les données du Ier s. av. J.-C. à l’Antiquité Cabouret tardive. La base de données a été conçue comme un outil L’étude de l’important corpus d’instruments d’étude : plus de 5 600 fiches intègrent de façon d’hygiène et de médecine renouvelle nos normalisée les données contextuelles, le mobilier connaissances sur leur typo-chronologie et associé et recensent plus de 7 200 individus. la façon dont ils sont produits, diffusés et utilisés en Gaule romaine. En tant qu’objets personnels, les artefacts Hygiène ou médecine ? dédiés aux soins du corps sont à la fois marqueurs et vecteurs de l’identité culturelle Les pratiques d’hygiène et de médecine ne sont gallo-romaine. pas clairement dissociées. Si certaines catégories Le corpus a été réalisé à partir de sources fonctionnelles se rapportent aisément à des usages matérielles et textuelles sur l’ensemble de spécifiques, d’autres sont employées pour ces deux la Gaule romaine. Il intègre les données activités. du Ier s. av. J.-C. à l’Antiquité tardive. Opérer la distinction entre objets d’hygiène cachet à collyres cachet quotidienne et instruments pharmaceutiques ou médico-chirurgicaux relève souvent d’une étude manche de scalpel sonde miroir approfondie de la forme, du contexte et élévateur à os élévateur des assemblages d’objets. cautère instrument à petit cuilleron instrument à extrémité - os lenticulaire râpe à lithotomie cuillère-sonde strigile en os ciseau chirurgical cochlear porte-aiguille double spatule-sonde pince aiguille à cataracte broyeur peigne Le corps est une construction sociale : par son speculum crochet chirurgical double aiguille chirurgicale entretien et sa mise en valeur, l’individu marque étui tubulaire cuillère à parfumcuillère Parole aux doctorants Parole Mixte C l i c h é s © A r ou non son appartenance à la communauté puis aux t e f a c t s , F i c h e s A G T - 4 Hygiène 0 . 0 r 1 e i , catégories internes celle-ci (statut, genre, âge …). A g i I C V . - E 4 : 0 l 0 a strigile 3 r bâtonnet "agitateur à parfum" "agitateur bâtonnet , é A n I é C g - 4 pyxide e 0 g 0 a 5 t n ( M o ü m l t l e e r e 2 r 0 b 0 r 2 a , métallique coffret p m l . n 7 e 5 r , n e i ° t 8 r 1 o 4 m ) , , r B u T e E y - 4 o Les sources écrites antiques privilégient les gestes r 0 B 0 2 O ( scie chirurgicale A P h D ; . P ) r b é 5 v . o g i t f ) , , C 1 O 3 . C p - , 4 4 0 8 0 9 1 1 techniques et les opérations « remarquables » au ( l M z n u ü s é K . e E ( d e 1 0 B à broyer tablette 0 e 4 s - a S n T ç V o , n 2 ) 0 , Médecine / chirurgie 0 C 4 O - F T - R détriment de pratiques plus ordinaires dont la réalité 4 T 0 , 0 7 1 0 ( rasoir 0 M 4 - u R s T é S e , G 4 0 a 0 ll 4 o râpe à os - -R R o T S m ), a c in io petite boîte en os h d T e . ne peut être perçue que par le prisme de l’étude r F h o C u , rv le i u è e re u , J g .- e M . D . D M e .- g , J u e e r u iè le rv , C u h o r F . T e h d de l’instrumentum . io in c a ), m C ... o R O -R -4 lo 0 l 0 a 8 G ( e M sé . M u i (M lle 3 t) 2 , C 0 U -4 I P - petit mortier blanc en marbre S 40 , S 01 0 , 01 EL -4 V- P 4 SS 00 ), 1 oc (E hi . K . T ün hr zl , C 19 le 82 eu ), u ET eg C- . D 40 -M 01 , J. (M re u viè s de toilette nécessaire ée ur G Fo all de o-R in om ventouse ma ain -Ro de llo Fo Ga urv sée ièr 0 5cm u e, J (M .-M 007 . De P-4 gue n ), SS ule, . 4, ° 33 faix Chr Photographies : © Artefacts , fig ), M . De .Thi . 82 RR 3 (P oc), 09, p -400 400 INC- n 20 4, P CP- 4004 ckso EP-4 c), S (R. J (R. Ja 008 . Thio ackso 008 , PGN , Chr n,200 , INC 4 -400 eule 9, fig.2 , n° 31) 4(R.Fe . Degu , n° 22) 2, fig.4 llman e, J.-M fig. 3 - Carte de répartition , INC-400 2009, p. 8 n 2009 urvièr 5 (R. Jackson 2 06 (R. Jackson , pl. 22-2 in de Fo 009, p. 82, fig. 4, n° 30), INC-40 3, n° 596), P Gallo-Roma YX-4001 (Barakat Gallery),RSR-4001(Musée des attestations fig. 2 - Tripartition des catégories fonctionnelles de tablettes à broyer : fiche PFA-4001 base typologique Artefacts Contribution à la base « Artefacts » (laboratoire ArAr) Produire des cartes de répartition des attestations permet de Avant : 63 attestations réinsérer le corpus gallo-romain au sein des attestations connues dans l’Empire. Les cartes les plus complètes offrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche sur les aires de production et de consommation ainsi que sur les modalités de diffusion et de circulation de ces objets personnels. Après : 322 attestations ©Artefacts - PFA-4001.
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