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DGK Ausschuss Geodäsie Der Bayerischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften

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DGK Ausschuss Geodäsie Der Bayerischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften Veröffentlichungen der DGK Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK) Jahrbuch 2014 /15 München 2017 Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ISSN 0938-846X ISBN 978-3-7696-8928-0 Veröffentlichungen der DGK Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK) Jahrbuch 2014 /15 München 2017 Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ISSN 0938-846X ISBN 978-3-7696-8928-0 Adresse der DGK: Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK) Alfons-Goppel-Straße 11 ● D – 80 539 München Telefon +49 – 331 – 288 1685 ● Telefax +49 – 331 – 288 1759 E-Mail [email protected] ● http://www.dgk.badw.de Dieses Jahrbuch ist im Internet unter <http://dgk.badw.de> elektronisch publiziert. © 2017 Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, München Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne Genehmigung der Herausgeber ist es auch nicht gestattet, die Veröffentlichung oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen ISSN 0938-846X ISBN 978-3-7696-8928-0 3 Vorwort Mit dem vorliegenden Jahrbuch 2014/15 berichtet der Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK) über den Stand der Forschungsarbeiten und erfüllt damit zugleich die Berichtspflicht gemäß § 17 der Satzung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften vom 1.10.2015. Anhand einer Auswahl von abgeschlossenen und auch noch laufenden Projekten gibt die DGK einen Überblick über ihre Forschungen zu den aktuellen Themen globaler Klimawandel, Naturgefahren, digitale Welt sowie gesellschaftlicher Wandel. Des Weiteren wird über ihre vielfältigen Aktivitäten und die zwischenzeitlichen strukturellen Entwicklungen berichtet. Die DGK tritt nach § 12, Ziffer 1 ihrer Geschäftsordnung mindestens einmal jährlich zusammen und berät in ihren Sitzungen insbesondere die Forschungsarbeiten ihrer Mitglieder und Abteilungen sowie der außeruniversitären geodätischen Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland. Darüber hinaus behandelt das Gremium die Beratungsergebnisse und Empfehlungen des Beirats Geodäsie und des Lenkungskreises der DGK. Die Jahresvollsitzungen 2014 und 2015 haben am 12.-14. November 2014 und 25.-27. November 2015 in der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München stattgefunden. Im Zeitraum der Berichterstattung ist es zu einer internen Umstrukturierung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (BAdW) gekommen, die auch die Kommissionen der BAdW mit umfasst hat. Für die DGK ergaben sich aufgrund der neuen Satzung der Akademie vor allem die folgenden, teilweise strukturellen Veränderungen: – die Bezeichnung “Ausschuss Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK)” ersetzt die bisherige Bezeichnung “Deutsche Geodätische Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK)”, – als neues Beratungsgremium für den Ausschuss Geodäsie wird der “Beirat Geodäsie” eingerichtet, der mit internationalen Wissenschaftlern aus allen Bereichen der Geodäsie auf Vorschlag des Ausschusses besetzt wird, – die Bezeichnung “Abteilung der DGK" ersetzt die bisherige Bezeichnung “Sektion der DGK" – die Bezeichnung “Lenkungskreis der DGK” ersetzt die bisherige Bezeichnung “Wissenschaftlicher Ausschuss der DGK” und – der “Wissenschaftliche Beirat” für das DGFI, das zum 1.1.2015 in die Technische Universität München integriert worden ist, wird aufgelöst. Auf der Grundlage dieser Veränderungen und der neuen “Satzung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften” hat sich die DGK eine neue “Geschäftsordnung des Ausschusses Geodäsie der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (DGK)” gegeben, die mit der Genehmigung der Sektion III – Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik, Technikwissenschaften der BAdW zum 1. März 2016 in Kraft getreten ist. Das vorliegende Jahrbuch verwendet durchgängig die neuen Bezeichnungen, sofern sich ein Berichtsteil nicht auf die Zeit vor der Umstrukturierung bezieht. Der Vorsitzende Der Ständige Sekretär Prof. Dr. Theo Kötter Prof. Dr. Urs Hugentobler 4 5 Forschungsschwerpunkte der Abteilungen der DGK I. Wissenschaftliche Abteilungen der DGK Abteilung 1 – Erdmessung Abteilung 2 – Ingenieurgeodäsie Abteilung 3 – Geoinformatik Abteilung 4 – Land- und Immobilienmanagement Themenbereiche der Jahre 2014 – 2015 1. Globaler Klimawandel 2. Naturgefahren 3. Digitale Welt 4. Gesellschaftlicher Wandel II. DGK – Abteilung für Lehre 6 Abteilungen der DGK Themenbereich Globaler Klimawandel 7 Themenbereich Globaler Klimawandel 0. Einleitung In der Erdmessung werden vielfältige geodätische Methoden entwickelt und genutzt, um Komponenten des Erdsystems auf diversen räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen zu erfassen, zu modellieren und zu interpretieren. Es werden mit kom- plementären Sensorsystemen und Satellitenmissionen geometrische und gravimetrische Daten mit hoher Genauigkeit erhoben, mit unabhängigen Verfahren kontrolliert und validiert. Hierzu werden entsprechende Infrastrukturen genutzt bzw. neu geschaffen. Die validierten Daten können dann zur weitergehenden Interpretation verwendet werden, um die Prozesse im System Erde, die zum Globalen Wandel beitragen, besser zu erfassen und zu verstehen. Die Datenerfassung und –analyse ist oft in größeren Verbundprojekten organisiert. Eine Stärke der Geodäsie ist es dabei, dass man die abgeleiteten Produkte mit verlässlichen Qualitätsmaßen versieht. Für die Interpretation der geodätischen Ergebnisse ist es unabdingbar, mit den anderen Erdwissenschaften zusammenzuarbeiten, die wiederum Modelle für die dynamischen Prozesse auf und in der Erde bereitstellen. Die Weiterentwicklung der zugehörigen Sensorik und der Infrastruktur sowie der Modellbildung bilden wesentliche Forschungselemente, um Zielgrößen in der Erdmessung mit hinreichender Genauigkeit zu erhalten. Im Folgenden werden exemplarisch zugehörige Projekte aus dem genannten Spektrum vorgestellt, die an den in der DGK vertretenen geodätischen Instituten bearbeitet wurden. Es werden auch Projekte genannt, die sich mit methodischen Arbeiten zu Beobachtungskonzepten, zur Schwerefeldmodellierung und zur Datenanalyse im Rahmen des Klimawandels beschäftigen. Die Reihenfolge der vorgestellten Projekte gliedert sich weitgehend nach den beteiligten Standorten. 1. GOCE - wissenschaftliche Datenprozessierung Prof. Dr. techn. Roland Pail, TU München (Prof. Dr. U. Hugentobler, TU München; Prof. Dr. W.D. Schuh, Universität Bonn; Prof. Dr. F. Flechtner, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam) GOCE-High-Level-Processing Facility (HPF): Das HPF ist verantwortlich für die wissenschaftliche Aufbereitung der Daten der Einzelsensoren zu Präzisionsbahn- ephemeriden und Schwerefeldmodellen einschließlich einer Qualitätsbeschreibung. Seit Oktober 2009 war die Mission im wissenschaftlichen Betrieb, welche im November 2013, nach Ende der Lebens- dauer des Satelliten, endete. Im letzten Betriebsjahr wurde die Bahnhöhe des Satelliten schrittweise um weitere 30 km abgesenkt um höhere Sensitivität hinsicht- lich des Gravitationsfeldes der Erde zu er- zielen. Im Rahmen der operationellen HPF- Prozessierung wurden die Instrumenten- daten analysiert, Beiträge zur Reduktion zeitvariabler Effekte geleistet, die finalen GOCE-Schwerefeldmodelle berechnet und die GOCE-Orbits wie auch die abgeleiteten Schwerefeldmodelle mit Hilfe externer Daten validiert. Das GOCE-Payload Data System (PDS) ist für die Aufbereitung der GOCE Rohdaten zu physikalischen Messgrößen zuständig. Die Arbeiten erstreckten sich auf Entwurf und wissenschaftliche Betreuung der operationellen Level 1-Prozessierung der GPS und Beschleunigungsmessdaten. Es wurden alternative Ansätze zur Aufbereitung der Gradienten- und Orientierungsinformation entwickelt, die im Rahmen der Level 1 Prozessierung zum Einsatz kamen. Brockmann, J.M.; Zehentner, N.; Höck, E.; Pail, R.; Loth, I.; Mayer-Gürr, T.; Schuh, W.D.: EGM TIM RL05: An Independent Geoid with Centimeter Accuracy Purely Based on the GOCE Mission; Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061904, 2014 Bruinsma, S., Förste, C., Abrikosov, O., Lemoine, J.-M., Marty, J.-C., Mulet, S., Rio, M.-H., Bonvalot, S.; ESA's satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach based on all GOCE data, Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 21, p. 7508-7514. DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062045 Yi, W.; Rummel, R.: A comparison of GOCE gravitational models with EGM2008; Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 73, Nr. 0, pp 14-22, Elsevier, ISSN (Online) 0264-3707, DOI: 10.1016/j.jog.2013.10.004, 2014 8 Abteilungen der DGK Zenner, L.; Bergmann-Wolf, I.; Dobslaw, H.; Gruber, Th.; Güntner, A.; Wattenbach, M.; Esselborn, S.; Dill, R.: Comparison of Daily GRACE Gravity Field and Numerical Water Storage Models for De-aliasing of Satellite Gravi- metry Observations; Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 2014, Heft 6, pp 1251-266, Springer, ISSN 0169-3298, ISSN (Online) 0169-3298, DOI: 10.1007/s10712-014-9295-x, 2014 2. GOCE geophysikalische Anwendungen Prof. Dr. techn. Roland Pail, TU München (Prof. Dr. W.D. Schuh, Universität Bonn) An der TU München wurden Anwendungsprojekte zur GOCE Mission in verschiedenen Bereichen durch- geführt. Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Berech- nung kombinierter Schwerefeldmodelle aus Satelliten- daten der Missionen GOCE, GRACE, CHAMP, terrestrischen Schwerefelddaten, Satellitenaltimetrie und SLR (GOCE Schwerefeldmodelle) sowie in der Vor- wärtsmodellierung des topographisch erzeugten Gravi- tationspotentials zur Berechnung höchstauflösender globaler Modelle. Eine Studie über den
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