BLM/NM/GI-12-02-8152

Imagine That! Design • Farmington, New Mexico Mexico New Farmington, • Design That! Imagine

recommended. of about three-quarters of a mile. a of three-quarters about of

Unless otherwise noted all photos by Michael Bulloch Michael by photos all noted otherwise Unless

the site. A high-clearance, four-wheel drive vehicle is is vehicle drive four-wheel high-clearance, A site. the

pad. Signs direct you to the trail to the panel, a hike hike a panel, the to trail the to you direct Signs pad.

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mile to the parking area. A short, gentle hike leads to to leads hike gentle short, A area. parking the to mile

the road up the canyon, and then park at the well well the at park then and canyon, the up road the

505-564-7600 and follow the pipeline about 0.2 0.2 about pipeline the follow and (northeast) left turn

mouth of the canyon. To see the “44 panel,” follow follow panel,” “44 the see To canyon. the of mouth

Farmington, NM 87402 NM Farmington, at the Y-intersection, continue about 400 feet, then then feet, 400 about continue Y-intersection, the at

west. It is a short but steep hike up to the pueblito. the to up hike steep but short a is It west.

Signs direct you to the main panels at the the at panels main the to you direct Signs wash.) the

and continue an additional 0.5 mile, then keep left left keep then mile, 0.5 additional an continue and 6251 College Boulevard College 6251

Fireplace Ruin is clearly visible above the road to the the to road the above visible clearly is Ruin Fireplace

dry. Get out of your vehicle to check the condition of of condition the check to vehicle your of out Get dry.

(south) (south) right Turn mesa. the of base the from miles 2.5

New Mexico • Farmington Field Office Field Farmington • Mexico New

and continue north for another two miles. Hooded Hooded miles. two another for north continue and way to view Split Rock Ruin is from below. from is Ruin Rock Split view to way

should be used when sand is either very wet or very very or wet very either is sand when used be should

follow the road to a “T” intersection approximately approximately intersection “T” a to road the follow

Bureau of Land Management Land of Bureau

of the canyon to the first bench. Keep to the right right the to Keep bench. first the to canyon the of safety, do not try to climb the cliff to the site. The best best The site. the to cliff the climb to try not do safety,

either wash when water is present, and caution caution and present, is water when wash either

and follow the road to the mesa top. Continue to to Continue top. mesa the to road the follow and

School. Turn west up a steep road that climbs out out climbs that road steep a up west Turn School. For your your For cliff. the of base the at sign interpretive the

(NOTE: Do not cross cross not Do (NOTE: Canyon. Crow of mouth the to (west) (west) left turn and 11, Marker Mile to 64 Highway U.S.

1.8 miles south of the bridge at Largo Canyon Canyon Largo at bridge the of south miles 1.8 alongside the main road and follow the easy trail to to trail easy the follow and road main the alongside

then turn north and drive approximately one mile mile one approximately drive and north turn then To access the site, take NM Highway 527 north from from north 527 Highway NM take site, the access To

for for 4450) Road (County Road Canyon Largo the leading east from the main road at this point. Park Park point. this at road main the from east leading U.S. Highway 64. Follow the signs across Largo Wash, Wash, Largo across signs the Follow 64. Highway U.S.

Register of Historic Places. Historic of Register

To reach Hooded Fireplace Ruin travel south along along south travel Ruin Fireplace Hooded reach To additional half-mile. A two-track trail can be seen seen be can trail two-track A half-mile. additional

with junction its from south miles 19 for 4450 Road

Frances Canyon Ruin was included on the National National the on included was Ruin Canyon Frances

past the parking area at Tapacito Ruin for an an for Ruin Tapacito at area parking the past

wheel drive vehicle is recommended. Take County County Take recommended. is vehicle drive wheel

for grinding corn surround the pueblito. In 1970 1970 In pueblito. the surround corn grinding for

to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. in Places Historic of Register National the to To access Split Rock Ruin, continue along the road road the along continue Ruin, Rock Split access To

To reach the petroglyphs, a high-clearance, four- high-clearance, a petroglyphs, the reach To

forked-pole hogans, sweat lodges and basins used used basins and lodges sweat hogans, forked-pole

than a few years. Hooded Fireplace Ruin was added added was Ruin Fireplace Hooded years. few a than

century wheel lock rifle from the site. Rock art, art, Rock site. the from rifle lock wheel century

large size, it was probably not occupied for more more for occupied not probably was it size, large Historic Places in 1987. in Places Historic are similar to Navajo ceremonial sand paintings. paintings. sand ceremonial Navajo to similar are

artifacts, he recovered a fragment of a seventeenth- a of fragment a recovered he artifacts,

way, still covers one of the rooms. In spite of its of spite In rooms. the of one covers still way, Rock Ruin was included on the National Register of of Register National the on included was Ruin Rock associated with ceremonies, as many of the images images the of many as ceremonies, with associated

also excavated Aztec Ruins—in 1915. Among other other Among 1915. Ruins—in Aztec excavated also

of the rooms. An intact roof, with a corner entry corner a with roof, intact An rooms. the of and possibly a small corral were part of the site. Split Split site. the of part were corral small a possibly and Archaeologists believe the panels may have been been have may panels the believe Archaeologists The site was first excavated by Earl Morris—who Morris—who Earl by excavated first was site The

Spanish-style hooded fireplace in the corner corner the in fireplace hooded Spanish-style pueblito, two forked-pole hogans, two sweat lodges, lodges, sweat two hogans, forked-pole two pueblito, in “panels,” on the lower cliff faces of the canyon. canyon. the of faces cliff lower the on “panels,” in

remain intact. remain 1723. The site is named for the well-reserved well-reserved the for named is site The 1723. they would climb up from there. In addition to the the to addition In there. from up climb would they along the walls. Most of the images are clustered clustered are images the of Most walls. the along

weaving looms were also found. Some of the roofs roofs the of Some found. also were looms weaving

the same time in the late summer or early fall of of fall early or summer late the in time same the as a ladder to reach the cleft in the rock, and then then and rock, the in cleft the reach to ladder a as as corn plants and bows and arrows can be found found be can arrows and bows and plants corn as

and hooded Spanish-style fireplaces. Supports for for Supports fireplaces. Spanish-style hooded and

six contiguous rooms, all of which were built at at built were which of all rooms, contiguous six have reached the structure by using a notched pole pole notched a using by structure the reached have humans, supernatural beings, and other items such such items other and beings, supernatural humans,

tower that overlooks the canyon, storage bins, bins, storage canyon, the overlooks that tower

is larger than the majority of pueblito sites, with with sites, pueblito of majority the than larger is occupied for a few years. The inhabitants would would inhabitants The years. few a for occupied facing canyon walls. Hundreds of images of animals, animals, of images of Hundreds walls. canyon facing attempt to apprehend the criminal(s). the apprehend to attempt

an estimated 40 rooms and includes a three-story three-story a includes and rooms 40 estimated an

on a boulder or a pinnacle. Hooded Fireplace Hooded pinnacle. a or boulder a on 1720s or 1730s, though the site was probably only only probably was site the though 1730s, or 1720s found among the Navajo rock art etched in south- in etched art rock Navajo the among found

Do not put yourself at risk—do not not risk—do at yourself put not Do involved.

continued there until 1745. The complex consists of of consists complex The 1745. until there continued

phone coverage is erratic. is coverage phone

pueblitos were built in defensive locations— defensive in built were pueblitos in at least two episodes, sometime during the late late the during sometime episodes, two least at in images can also be be also can images (Anasazi) Puebloan Ancestral and descriptions of vehicles and individuals individuals and vehicles of descriptions and

began in 1710 and additions and renovations renovations and additions and 1710 in began

parking on oil and natural gas well locations. Cell Cell locations. well gas natural and oil on parking

mesa overlooking Largo Canyon. Most other other Most Canyon. Largo overlooking mesa about a half-mile north of Tapacito Ruin. It was built built was It Ruin. Tapacito of north half-mile a about images. Earlier Earlier images. art) rock (carved Navajo petroglyph Navajo If possible, note the time, place, license numbers numbers license place, time, the note possible, If pueblitos. Tree-ring dates indicate that construction construction that indicate dates Tree-ring pueblitos.

right on hills and blind corners. Please refrain from from refrain Please corners. blind and hills on right

was built on a broad bench on the side of a a of side the on bench broad a on built was on top of a 40-foot boulder at the edge of a cliff, cliff, a of edge the at boulder 40-foot a of top on extensive and well-known collection of early early of collection well-known and extensive and one of the best preserved of the Navajo Navajo the of preserved best the of one and San Juan County Sheriff’s Office at 505.334.6622. 505.334.6622. at Office Sheriff’s County Juan San

be aware of large oilfield trucks and keep to the the to keep and trucks oilfield large of aware be

is unusual in that it it that in unusual is RUIN FIREPLACE HOODED RUIN CANYON FRANCES consists of four rooms constructed constructed rooms four of consists RUIN ROCK SPLIT known largest the of one is are the most most the are PETROGLYPHS CANYON CROW theft or vandalism. If you witness a crime, call the the call crime, a witness you If vandalism. or theft

oil and natural gas fields in the United States, so so States, United the in fields gas natural and oil

Join the fight to protect our heritage by reporting reporting by heritage our protect to fight the Join

are recommended. You are in one of the largest largest the of one in are You recommended. are

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help! your need resources cultural Mexico’s New

difficult. High-clearance, four-wheel drive vehicles vehicles drive four-wheel High-clearance, difficult.

roads can become very slick and make driving driving make and slick very become can roads

imposed upon conviction. conviction. upon imposed

Wet Wet present. is water when wash a cross never

up to $100,000 and/or five years in prison can be be can prison in years five and/or $100,000 to up

For your safety, safety, your For Canyon. Largo especially washes,

archaeological site on public land. Penalties of of Penalties land. public on site archaeological

conditions. Exercise caution when crossing sandy sandy crossing when caution Exercise conditions.

remove artifacts from, or deface or destroy any any destroy or deface or from, artifacts remove

difficult and dangerous due to changing weather weather changing to due dangerous and difficult

Protection Act of 1979, it is a criminal offense to to offense criminal a is it 1979, of Act Protection

take water and food for the day. Travel can be be can Travel day. the for food and water take

Under the Archaeological Resources Resources Archaeological the Under Note: Please

canyons, so begin with a full tank of gas, and and gas, of tank full a with begin so canyons,

There are no services in the the in services no are There ADVISORY: TRAVEL

trade with other groups. groups. other with trade

obtained from the Spanish are also indications of of indications also are Spanish the from obtained

Pack out your trash. your out Pack panels. the damage

Puebloan and Spanish pottery. Metal artifacts artifacts Metal pottery. Spanish and Puebloan

the rock art panels, as the acids on your skin can can skin your on acids the as panels, art rock the

Polychrome), Navajo utility pots and decorated decorated and pots utility Navajo Polychrome),

Please do not touch touch not do Please them. found you where them

of decorated Navajo pots (called Gobernador Gobernador (called pots Navajo decorated of

You may examine artifacts you may find but leave leave but find may you artifacts examine may You

Artifacts found at pueblito sites include fragments fragments include sites pueblito at found Artifacts

lands. public on sites archaeological from artifacts

and inside walls were often plastered with adobe. adobe. with plastered often were walls inside and

Remember that it is against the law to remove remove to law the against is it that Remember

made the rooms more comfortable and useful, useful, and comfortable more rooms the made

do not climb on the walls or roofs of the pueblitos. pueblitos. the of roofs or walls the on climb not do

shelves, hooded fireplaces and storage bins all all bins storage and fireplaces hooded shelves, preserve the sites, and for your own safety, please please safety, own your for and sites, the preserve

of many pueblitos are still partially intact. Corner Corner intact. partially still are pueblitos many of To help help To enjoy. to others for them preserve to

timbers and then covered with mud. The roofs roofs The mud. with covered then and timbers

fragile and irreplaceable and your help is needed needed is help your and irreplaceable and fragile

Southwest—heavy beams overlaid with smaller smaller with overlaid beams Southwest—heavy Frances Canyon Ruin Canyon Frances Crow Canyon Petroglyphs Canyon Crow Ruin Fireplace Hooded Ruin Rock Split old. Although they have been stabilized, they are are they stabilized, been have they Although old.

and latilla” construction style common in the the in common style construction latilla” and The sites are hundreds of years years of hundreds are sites The ETIQUETTE: SITE

Roofs and ceilings were built from the “viga “viga the from built were ceilings and Roofs

constructed of sandstone slabs and mud mortar. mortar. mud and slabs sandstone of constructed

vary in size from one to over 40 rooms and were were and rooms 40 over to one from size in vary

and often sweat lodges and rock art. Pueblitos Pueblitos art. rock and lodges sweat often and BLM

pole hogans, trash mounds, outdoor hearths, hearths, outdoor mounds, trash hogans, pole

from the parking area. parking the from

many are part of larger sites that include forked- include that sites larger of part are many small parking area. The pueblito is only a short walk walk short a only is pueblito The area. parking small

More than 200 pueblitos are known to exist and and exist to known are pueblitos 200 than More Canyon, for approximately 2.4 miles, and park at the the at park and miles, 2.4 approximately for Canyon,

road on the other side of the creek, toward Largo Largo toward creek, the of side other the on road

A moderate half-mile hike leads to the site. the to leads hike half-mile moderate A Defensive take the road across the creek. Double back on the the on back Double creek. the across road the take communication by signal fires. fires. signal by communication

San Juan River, 3.5 miles below Navajo Dam. Dam. Navajo below miles 3.5 River, Juan San up Tapacito Canyon for about two more miles, then then miles, more two about for Canyon Tapacito up other pueblitos in the area, possibly allowing for for allowing possibly area, the in pueblitos other

Recreation Area, located on the north side of the the of side north the on located Area, Recreation

washes if there is no water present). Follow the road road the Follow present). water no is there if washes Many pueblitos are also visible from several several from visible also are pueblitos Many

road. parking lot and picnic area for Simon Canyon Canyon Simon for area picnic and lot parking

Cross the wash (there is no bridge—only cross the the cross bridge—only no is (there wash the Cross

toe holds were often used to reach the pueblitos. pueblitos. the reach to used often were holds toe

pueblito, mostly following an abandoned two-track two-track abandoned an following mostly pueblito, Canyon Ruin can be reached by driving to the the to driving by reached be can Ruin Canyon miles, to where Tapacito Creek enters Largo Canyon. Canyon. Largo enters Creek Tapacito where to miles,

the surrounding territory. Ladders or hand-and- or Ladders territory. surrounding the Sites of

From the parking lot it is an easy half-mile hike to the the to hike half-mile easy an is it lot parking the From provided water for residents of the site. Simon Simon site. the of residents for water provided

on the Largo Canyon Road for approximately 2.5 2.5 approximately for Road Canyon Largo the on

from the east after climbing up a steep, rocky slope. rocky steep, a up climbing after east the from

which weapons could be shot, and wide views of of views wide and shot, be could weapons which

a small parking area on the east side of the road. road. the of side east the on area parking small a have been located nearby. A nearby small spring small nearby A nearby. located been have

From the bridge at Largo School Ruin, continue south south continue Ruin, School Largo at bridge the From the pueblito is strenuous and it is best approached approached best is it and strenuous is pueblito the

behind a protective wall, small windows through through windows small wall, protective a behind

Hooded Fireplace approximately a quarter-mile, to to quarter-mile, a approximately Fireplace Hooded the site and forked-pole hogans do not appear to to appear not do hogans forked-pole and site the

trail points toward the Crow Canyon Site. Access to to Access Site. Canyon Crow the toward points trail

locations high on boulders, doors that are low or or low are that doors boulders, on high locations To reach Largo School Ruin, continue north past past north continue Ruin, School Largo reach To because other pueblitos could not be seen from from seen be not could pueblitos other because 1987.

A sign on the road near the start of the “44 panel” panel” “44 the of start the near road the on sign A

ways the Navajo devised to protect themselves— protect to devised Navajo the ways up from below. Simon Canyon Ruin was unusual unusual was Ruin Canyon Simon below. from up added to the National Register of Historic Places in in Places Historic of Register National the to added Dinétah

Register of Historic Places in 1987. in Places Historic of Register top of the boulder to prevent enemies from climbing climbing from enemies prevent to boulder the of top with the Spanish in July 1694. Tapacito Ruin was was Ruin Tapacito 1694. July in Spanish the with As you visit the pueblitos, you will see many of the the of many see will you pueblitos, the visit you As Register District, listed on the Register in 1974. in Register the on listed District, Register

goods. Largo School Ruin was listed on the National National the on listed was Ruin School Largo goods. reach them. The log could then be pulled up to the the to up pulled be then could log The them. reach by refugees from the Pueblo of Jemez after hostilities hostilities after Jemez of Pueblo the from refugees by Site both lie within the Crow Canyon National National Canyon Crow the within lie both Site

show that the inhabitants had access to Spanish Spanish to access had inhabitants the that show the inhabitants used a notched log as a ladder to to ladder a as log notched a used inhabitants the theorized that this site may have been constructed constructed been have may site this that theorized Farmington Field • Office Mexico Farmington, New The Crow Canyon Petroglyphs and the Crow Canyon Canyon Crow the and Petroglyphs Canyon Crow The resided.

groups in the region. An iron awl and an iron tack tack iron an and awl iron An region. the in groups sandstone high up on the side of the boulder and and boulder the of side the on up high sandstone be seen at Chaco Canyon and Aztec Ruins, and it is is it and Ruins, Aztec and Canyon Chaco at seen be south and west, where other Navajos already already Navajos other where west, and south

indicate that the inhabitants interacted with other other with interacted inhabitants the that indicate Handholds and footholds were carved into the the into carved were footholds and Handholds filled with rubble and adobe. Walls like these can can these like Walls adobe. and rubble with filled contacts with peoples living along the Rio Grande. Grande. Rio the along living peoples with contacts

the Navajo from Dinétah. They relocated to the the to relocated They Dinétah. from Navajo the

pottery fragments, as well as Navajo pottery types, types, pottery Navajo as well as fragments, pottery or so apart, and then the space between them was was them between space the then and apart, so or were found at the site, showing the inhabitants had had inhabitants the showing site, the at found were

combined with a drought in the late 1740s, forced forced 1740s, late the in drought a with combined

have been built at different times. Several Puebloan Puebloan Several times. different at built been have the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. in Places Historic of Register National the which two walls of sandstone slabs were built a foot foot a built were slabs sandstone of walls two which Puebloan groups, in addition to Navajo pottery, pottery, Navajo to addition in groups, Puebloan

tools. In time, pressure from Ute raiding parties, parties, raiding Ute from pressure time, In tools.

and rock alignments—are also at the site, but may may but site, the at also alignments—are rock and the Navajo and the Utes. Simon Canyon was listed on listed was Canyon Simon Utes. the and Navajo the using a technique called “core-and-veneer,” in in “core-and-veneer,” called technique a using at least 1723. Pieces of pottery made by different different by made pottery of Pieces 1723. least at

slaves to exchange with the Spanish for horses and and horses for Spanish the with exchange to slaves

other structures—including a hogan, a sweat lodge lodge sweat a hogan, a structures—including other which traditionally formed the boundary between between boundary the formed traditionally which Its massive three-foot thick walls were constructed constructed were walls thick three-foot massive Its after 1715, and continued to be renovated until until renovated be to continued and 1715, after

would raid the Navajo for food, livestock and and livestock food, for Navajo the raid would east. It was constructed in 1736 and 1737, although although 1737, and 1736 in constructed was It east. the few pueblitos located north of the San Juan River, River, Juan San the of north located pueblitos few the ground floor rooms and a parapet or second story. story. second or parapet a and rooms floor ground the site. The buildings were constructed sometime sometime constructed were buildings The site. the

under pressure from Ute tribes to the north, that that north, the to tribes Ute from pressure under Largo Canyon, as well as into Ice Canyon to the the to Canyon Ice into as well as Canyon, Largo making it one of the last pueblitos built, and is one of of one is and built, pueblitos last the of one it making hatches and ladders. It originally had at least seven seven least at had originally It ladders. and hatches masonry grain storage structures were also found at at found also were structures storage grain masonry

1710 and 1750, a time when the Navajo came came Navajo the when time a 1750, and 1710 the pueblito has extensive views up and down down and up views extensive has pueblito the off the San Juan River. It was constructed in 1754, 1754, in constructed was It River. Juan San the off windows and access to the rooms was by roof roof by was rooms the to access and windows lodges and two petroglyph panels. Three cliff-edge cliff-edge Three panels. petroglyph two and lodges

Located on a sandstone outcrop high on a mesa, mesa, a on high outcrop sandstone a on Located overlooking Simon Canyon, a rugged side canyon canyon side rugged a Canyon, Simon overlooking from other pueblitos. It has no exterior doors or or doors exterior no has It pueblitos. other from remains of eight forked-pole hogans, two sweat sweat two hogans, forked-pole eight of remains . Most pueblitos were constructed between between constructed were pueblitos Most . people)

School (now privately owned) in the canyon below. below. canyon the in owned) privately (now School built atop a 20-foot high boulder, on a narrow bench bench narrow a on boulder, high 20-foot a atop built (built during the summer of 1694) and is very different different very is and 1694) of summer the during (built an additional room atop a large boulder, the the boulder, large a atop room additional an the ancestral homeland of the Navajo, or Diné, Diné, or Navajo, the of homeland ancestral the

is named for the old Largo Largo old the for named is RUIN SCHOOL LARGO is a small, one-room pueblito one-room small, a is RUIN CANYON SIMON is one of the earliest known pueblitos pueblitos known earliest the of one is RUIN TAPACITO includes a five-room pueblito, pueblito, five-room a includes SITE CANYON CROW (called “Dinétah,” “Dinétah,” (called Mexico New northwest in turmoil

The Gobernador Period (1692-1775) was a time of of time a was (1692-1775) Period Gobernador The

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were constructed by the Navajo. the by constructed were

has established that most, if not all, of the pueblitos pueblitos the of all, not if most, that established has

being called “pueblitos,” although further research research further although “pueblitos,” called being

massive stone walls, that contributed to these sites sites these to contributed that walls, stone massive

Mexico in 1692. It was this theory, as well as their their as well as theory, this was It 1692. in Mexico

reprisals after the Spanish reconquest of New New of reconquest Spanish the after reprisals

been built by Puebloan refugees fleeing Spanish Spanish fleeing refugees Puebloan by built been

Kidder proposed that these structures might have have might structures these that proposed Kidder

In the early 1900s, the noted archaeologist Alfred Alfred archaeologist noted the 1900s, early the In

the Utes and Comanches. and Utes the

remarked that they were places of defense against against defense of places were they that remarked

Spanish travelers in the early to mid-1700s, who who mid-1700s, to early the in travelers Spanish

centuries ago. The pueblitos were observed by by observed were pueblitos The ago. centuries

attention of the first European settlers to this area area this to settlers European first the of attention

word is Spanish for “little pueblos”) drew the the drew pueblos”) “little for Spanish is word northwest New Mexico called “pueblitos” (the (the “pueblitos” called Mexico New northwest U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

The small, aboveground masonry structures of of structures masonry aboveground small, The BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

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5

h Petroglyphs ¤£64 U.S. Highway No Warranty is made by the Bureau of Land Management ¯ BLM as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of these M Ruins UV511 State Highway data for individual use or aggregate use with other data, 1:120,000 or for purposes not intended by the BLM. Spatial information 5 Private may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This Map Projection: NAD 83 New Mexico State Plane Feet Town (Ä4450 County Road information may be updated without notification. 0 1 2 3 4 Miles Dirt Road Bladed Dirt Road State * GPS coordinates are only as accurate as the GPS unit being used. Please use with caution. Paved Highway Trail ** The recommended access routes are described in the literature on the opposite side of brochure. Please Tribal be sure to read the description accompanying this map. Some roads require higher clearance 4wd vehicles. Bridge 0 1 2 3 4Kilometers Access Route **